Structural Role of Colemanite-Derived Boron in Opaque Sanitaryware Glazes: Thermal Behavior, Phase Evolution, and Microstructure

Boron-containing minerals have attracted significant attention in ceramic glaze systems due to their strong influence on melting behavior and glass structure. In this study, the effect of colemanite addition on opaque sanitaryware glazes was systematically investigated in terms of thermal behavior, phase evolution, microstructure, and functional and thermal properties. A standard industrial glaze composition was modified by incorporating 0.3–5 mass