Structuring a Cardio-Oncology Program

Cardio-oncology is a rapidly expanding discipline, born out of the need to prevent and manage cardiovascular diseases in patients affected by cancer, including treatment-related toxicities. Given the increasing complexity of oncological care pathways and the increasing number of at-risk patients, structuring a dedicated cardiooncology service has become a key priority. This organisation relies on close collaboration between oncologists and cardiologists, within a fully integrated multidisciplinary approach. Establishing an effective cardio-oncology programme requires clearly defined, coordinated care pathways tailored to each institution. Appointing an oncologist-cardiologist leadership team is essential to ensure consistency and seamless patient management. Developing standardised protocols based on international guidelines, incorporating risk assessment tools and surveillance strategies, and implementing personalised follow-up are all critical steps in guaranteeing high-quality, safe care. Cardio-oncology must also be integrated into long-term survivorship care, in close coordination with primary care providers and cardiac rehabilitation centres. Furthermore, developing networks of care, accrediting specialist reference centres, and incorporating technological innovations-such as artificial intelligence and wearable devices-will help to optimise patient management and ensure equitable access to cardio-oncology expertise across the healthcare system.