Subtropical anticyclones are semi-permanent high-pressure systems present in all major ocean basins, shaping large-scale wind patterns and weather conditions. These systems play a crucial role in structuring physical environments that influence ecosystem productivity, yet their demographic impacts on wildlife remain largely unexplored. Understanding whether these large-scale atmospheric features drive key life-history traits is essential. Using 39 years of long-term monitoring data, this study demonstrates that variability in the Indian Ocean subtropical anticyclone, the Mascarene High, affects the survival and reproduction of a marine top predator, the wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans). Climate analysis reveals the mechanisms behind this influence: an intensified and poleward-shifted Mascarene High strengthens westerly winds, creating favorable conditions that enhance vital rates across the entire life cycle of wandering albatrosses, including juveniles and adults, females and males. By integrating climate dynamics with demographic processes, this study provides new insights into how subtropical anticyclones shape species responses, advancing our understanding of the effects of climate variability and change on biodiversity. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.
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