Most object-oriented (OO) practitioners recognize the value of Design by Contract as a methodology for improving software quality. It is at the heart of the Eiffel language and of the Object Constraint Language (OCL) of UML. However, there are precious few languages that provide such intrinsic support for Design by Contract, and C++ is one language that does not. This article presents two new mechanisms for emulating Design by Contract in C++ that take advantage of language features defined in the recent standard, and for which widespread compiler support is now becoming available. One mechanism has been used in the development of software components in Computational Physics and is based on the Standard Template Library (STL); the other provides Design by Contract support across an inheritance hierarchy in C++ in accordance with the Liskov Substitutability Principle(LSP).(1)
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