Synthesis, in Vitro Pharmacological Evaluation, and Computational Assessments of Some Isatin-Triazole-pyrazole Hybrids As Potential Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Alzheimer Agents

Recently, diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease have emerged as major chronic diseases and represent a significant public health challenge. Accordingly, this manuscript aims to synthesize new isatin-triazole-pyrazole hybrids 6a-d and confirm their chemical structures via spectroscopy (1H and 13C-NMR). In addition, the in vitro pharmacological potential of 6a-d as potential anti-diabetic and anti-Alzheimer agents was studied. The study also includes computational prediction and analysis of physicochemical properties, lipophilicity, drug-likeness, ADME properties (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion), organ toxicity, and toxicity endpoint properties of 6a-d. In the future, the results of this manuscript will be the preliminary step for the modification and optimization of the chemical structure of the target compounds, in addition to more advanced in vitro and in vivo studies with the purpose of discovering new drugs to address chronic diseases. KEY WORDS: Isatin-pyrazole derivatives, Isatin-triazole derivative, Diabetes mellitus, Molecular hybridization, Physicochemical properties, Computational toxicity assessments Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2026, 40(8), 1691-1706. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v40i8.8