The Energy Transition of Residential Building Toward Nearly Zero Energy

This paper evaluates the performance of a fully electrified residential energy system, which integrates photovoltaic panels, a heat pump and an electric vehicle charging station in the energy transition process towards near zero energy consumption. The real case study from Romania analyzes consumption behavior in the heating variant with a gas boiler and the modernization phase that included a 12 kW heat pump, $8,47 \mathrm{kWp}$ photovoltaic system and electric vehicle charging station. The photovoltaic system produced 9700 kWh annually, covering 96,81% of the household electricity demand. The economic analysis shows that the photovoltaic system achieves net savings over the system lifetime of 50.575,25 €, while the combined photovoltaic-heat pump system generates net savings of 30.287,95 € over a period of 25 years. The results confirm that residential electrification supported by local renewable energy generation significantly reduces energy costs and emissions.