Countdownsubstantial increases in extreme drought conditions from 2000-09 to 2010-19 (indicator 1.2.2).Moreover, in 2021, climate change resulted in almost 12 million additional people affected by moderate or severe food insecurity in Europe (indicator 1.5.1). Deepening health inequities in a warming worldThese interconnected health impacts tend to be unevenly distributed among populations due to differences in exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity-often reflecting intersecting patterns of socioeconomic development, marginalisation, and historical and ongoing patterns of inequity.Populations most affected tend to be those least responsible and less likely to be recognised or prioritised.Southern Europe tends to be more affected by heat-related illnesses, wildfires, food insecurity, drought, and leishmaniasis, whereas northern Europe is equally or more impacted by Vibrio and ticks (section 1).Within countries, ethnic minoritised and Indigenous people, low-income communities, migrants and displaced people, sexual and gender minoritised people, and women experiencing pregnancy and childbirth tend to be more severely affected by climaterelated health impacts.This report shows that heat-related mortality was twice as high in women compared with men (indicator 1.1.4),low-income households had a substantially higher probability of people experiencing food insecurity (indicator 1.5.1),deaths attributable to an imbalanced diet were higher among women (indicator 3.4.2),and exposure to wildfire-PM 2.5 was higher in highly deprived areas.Poorly designed adaptation strategies, such as nature-based solutions (indicator 2.2.2) or mechanisms to improve thermal comfort (indicator 2.2.3) that do not adequately consider equity, can perpetuate environmental and health inequities.As not all indicators can incorporate analyses on different population groups, our report offers only a glimpse of the much larger picture and emphasises the importance of more robust research to delve deeper into the unequal impacts of climate change on health to inform health protection measures for all populations.Despite climate change exacerbating existing inequalities, indicators on governance and politics show little engagement with aspects of equality, equity, or justice in climate and health research, policy, and media (section 5).Furthermore, environmental equity, including addressing disproportionate socio-spatial distributions of climate change exposure and health risks, is not an explicit goal within existing EU policies.
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