The Impact of Fresh Versus Cryopreserved Testicular Sperm on In-Vitro Fertilization Outcomes in Couples with Elevated Sperm DNA Fragmentation: a Retrospective Cohort Study

Elevated sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) is associated with male factor infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, and poor reproductive outcomes. An option for management includes the utilization of testicular sperm; however, the comparative reproductive efficacy of fresh versus cryopreserved testicular sperm men with elevated SDF remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify differences in reproductive outcomes between fresh and cryopreserved testicular sperm in patients with elevated SDF who are undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) after testicular sperm extraction (TESE). This was a retrospective cohort study of a multi-site fertility network of patients with elevated SDF who underwent TESE and subsequent ICSI using either fresh or cryopreserved testicular sperm. A total of 60 men with elevated SDF underwent TESE and subsequent IVF with ICSI. 66.7