1 Introduction and objectives e-Infrastructure plays a pivotal role in the research landscape of today and fosters the creation of global virtual research communities. This study researches a variety of types of einfrastructure, their state of development and their role in supporting productive research in Europe and beyond.The field of e-Infrastructure is very heterogeneous. It ranges from the physical supply of research networks (a prominent example being the operating and development of the backbone as supplied by GEANT) to providing access to data for virtual research communities in single fields. e-Infrastructures include organisations and services as diverse as national and international multi-purpose grids, supercomputer infrastructure, data grids and repositories, tools for visualization, simulation, data management, storage, analysis and collection, tools for support with regard to methods or analysis as well as remote access to research instruments and very large research facilities.
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