Liver X receptors (LXRs), particularly LXRβ, are emerging as crucial players in the translation of basic neuroscience to clinical psychiatry. These nuclear receptor transcription factors, initially known for their roles in cholesterol metabolism and inflammation, are now revealing promising connections between molecular mechanisms and psychiatric symptoms. This review highlights recent breakthroughs in understanding LXRβ's regulation and function in behaviors relevant to depression and anxiety, derived from studies using animal paradigms that capture specific features of these disorders. We explore how these preclinical findings are shaping our comprehension of mood-related behaviors at the molecular level and potentially paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies. As a ligand-activated transcription factor, LXRβ represents a novel target for drug development, potentially bridging the gap between bench discoveries and bedside treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders. We discuss the challenges and opportunities in translating LXRβ research into clinical interventions, emphasizing the potential for personalized medicine approaches in psychiatry. This bench-to-bedside article underscores the importance of LXRβ research in advancing our understanding and treatment of complex mental health conditions, while acknowledging the nuanced interpretation required when extrapolating from animal studies to human disorders.
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