Temporal ghost imaging (TGI) reconstructs temporal structures from correlations between illumination signals and bucket measurements. However, that conventional TGI requires full-waveform acquisition and numerical integration raises an issue. Here, we introduce one-time readout TGI (OTR-TGI) and compressed sensing to ultrasonic TGI to address this. OTR-TGI performs temporal integration in the receiver circuit, enabling reconstruction from a single readout, while CS helps reduce the number of illumination patterns. Experiments demonstrate faithful temporal reconstruction at a sizable reduction, approximately 30%, in the required illumination patterns with only acceptable quality degradation, which holds promise for efficient ultrasonic temporal imaging.