Rural cultural landscapes, largely relying on the cultural evolution and involvement of indigenous people in tourism villages, have become one of the most attractive tourism resources. However, the specific mechanism underlying this process remains underexplored. Drawing upon Tuan's spatial theory, this study collected data from Hakka villages in Meizhou, China, to explore the construction of rural cultural landscapes. Our study reveals that rural cultural landscapes represent a socially constructed human-environment relationship, consisting of five spatial dimensions: pragmatic, mythical, abstract, architectural, and relational spaces. Specifically, pragmatic space forms the basic layer of needs and serves as the foundation for other spaces, while mythical and abstract spaces guide the construction of relational and architectural spaces. Within mythical space, changes in values influence shifts in deity beliefs. The identified dimensions illustrate a spiraling and dynamic process of transformation over time. This study elucidates valuable theoretical and managerial implications for tourism policymakers and practitioners.
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