Trademark Law: an Economic Perspective

Previous articleNext article No AccessTrademark Law: An Economic PerspectiveWilliam M. Landes, and Richard A. PosnerWilliam M. Landes, and Richard A. PosnerPDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Law and Economics Volume 30, Number 2Oct., 1987 Sponsored by The University of Chicago Booth School of Business and The University of Chicago Law School Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/467138 Views: 147Total views on this site Citations: 228Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1987 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Alexander Krasnikov, Satish Jayachandran Building Brand Assets: The Role of Trademark Rights, Journal of Marketing Research 59, no.55 (Jun 2022): 1059–1082.https://doi.org/10.1177/00222437221097108Jungho Kim, Trevor Kollmann, Alfons Palangkaraya, Elizabeth Webster Does local technological specialisation, diversity and dynamic competition enhance firm creation?, Research Policy 51, no.77 (Sep 2022): 104557.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2022.104557Jessica C. Lai, Janine L. Williams Finding Your Identity and Partner in a Trade Mark? Consumption, Innovation and the Law, IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law 53, no.88 (Aug 2022): 1201–1227.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-022-01229-zYougen Cao, Shengce Ren, Mei Du Strategic trademark management: a systematic literature review and prospects for future research, Journal of Brand Management 29, no.55 (Jul 2022): 435–453.https://doi.org/10.1057/s41262-022-00283-9David C. Mauer, Natalia Villatoro, Yilei Zhang Brand equity and corporate debt structure, Journal of Business Finance & Accounting 49, no.7-87-8 (Mar 2022): 1077–1112.https://doi.org/10.1111/jbfa.12597Cameron Shackell, Lance De Vine Quantifying the genericness of trademarks using natural language processing: an introduction with suggested metrics, Artificial Intelligence and Law 30, no.22 (Jun 2021): 199–220.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-021-09291-7I-Ju Chen, Po-Hsuan Hsu, Yanzhi Wang Staggered boards and product innovations: Evidence from Massachusetts State Bill HB 5640, Research Policy 51, no.44 (May 2022): 104475.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2022.104475Po-Hsuan Hsu, Kai Li, Xing Liu, Hong Wu Consolidating Product Lines via Mergers and Acquisitions: Evidence From the USPTO Trademark Data, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 83 (Mar 2022): 1–25.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022109022000230Bin Yang, Tao Yuan Trademark and IPO underpricing, Financial Management 51, no.11 (Jul 2021): 271–296.https://doi.org/10.1111/fima.12369Teresa da Silva Lopes, Bruna Dourado, Elizabeth Santos de Souza Unbundling the brand: Differentiation and the law in the Brazilian South American tea industry, Business History 19 (Feb 2022): 1–24.https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2022.2036130Maher Kooli, Aoran Zhang, Yunfei Zhao How IPO firms' product innovation strategy affects the likelihood of post-IPO acquisitions?, Journal of Corporate Finance 72 (Feb 2022): 102159.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2022.102159Sabrina Spallini, Antonia Rosa Gurrieri, Karola Sheu Firm's strategy to innovate in a European transition economy, Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 12, no.11 (Mar 2022): 33–45.https://doi.org/10.22495/rgcv12i1p3Christopher F. Baum, Hans Lööf, Andreas Stephan, Ingrid Viklund-Ros Innovation by start-up firms: The role of the board of directors for knowledge spillovers, Research Policy 51, no.11 (Jan 2022): 104375.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104375Slobodan M. Marković The Referential Use of Another's Trademark in the Context of Comparative Advertising, (Apr 2022): 3–24.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97431-2_1Cameron Shackell Is Genericness Still Adequately Defined? Internet Search Firms and the Economic Rationale for Trademarks, Science, Technology, & Human Values 5 (Nov 2021): 016224392110554.https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439211055482Alvaro Fernandez-Mora Trade Mark Functions in Business Practice: Mapping the Law Through the Search for Economic Content, IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law 52, no.1010 (Nov 2021): 1370–1404.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-021-01113-2Carsten Fink, Bronwyn H. Hall, and Christian Helmers Intellectual Property Use and Firm Performance: The Case of Chile, Economic Development and Cultural Change 70, no.11 (Aug 2021): 321–357.https://doi.org/10.1086/711653Anna Abdulmanova, Stephen P. Ferris, Narayanan Jayaraman, Pratik Kothari The effect of investor attention on fraud discovery and value loss in securities class action litigation, Journal of Financial Research 44, no.33 (Jul 2021): 513–552.https://doi.org/10.1111/jfir.12249Grid Thoma Composite value index of trademark indicators: A market value analysis using Tobin's Q, World Patent Information 66 (Sep 2021): 102064.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2021.102064Ana Teresa Silva Neto, Suzana Russo Leitão TRADEMARK REGISTRATION IN BRAZIL, THE UNITED STATES AND PORTUGAL, International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, no.99 (Sep 2021): 485–501.https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss9.3384Bernadette Power, Gavin C Reid The impact of intellectual property types on the performance of business start-ups in the United States, International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 39, no.44 (Nov 2020): 372–400.https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242620967009Kwangmin Park, SooCheong (Shawn) Jang A study of value-relevance and reliability of intangible assets: What do we know from the restaurant industry?, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 47 (Jun 2021): 104–113.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.03.002Xindan Liu, Thomas A. Baker, Rebecca Leopkey Examining the extent of trademark squatting of NBA athlete names in China, European Sport Management Quarterly 7 (Apr 2021): 1–17.https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2021.1902366Sungho Cho, Natasha Brison, Katie Brown, Kevin Quinn A Theoretical Explanation of Sport Trademark Litigation: Already v. Nike and Forever 21 v. Adidas, Journal of Global Sport Management 10 (Feb 2021): 1–25.https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2021.1875563Michael D. Birnhack Colonial Trademark: Law and Nationality in Mandate Palestine, 1922–48, Law & Social Inquiry 46, no.11 (Sep 2020): 192–225.https://doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2020.22Michael Abramowicz, John F. Duffy The Emergence of Intellectual Property for Legal Innovation, (Mar 2021): 113–137.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47447-8_6Jessica C. Lai Hijacking Consumer Trust Systems: Of Self-Declared Watchdogs and Certification Trade Marks, IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law 52, no.11 (Jan 2021): 34–61.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-020-00997-wP. Sean Morris Trademarks and the Economic Dimensions of Trademark Law in Europe and Beyond, (Jun 2021): 1–8.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7883-6_566-2Roberto Hernández-Chea, Pratheeba Vimalnath, Nancy Bocken, Frank Tietze, Elisabeth Eppinger Integrating Intellectual Property and Sustainable Business Models: The SBM-IP Canvas, Sustainability 12, no.2121 (Oct 2020): 8871.https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218871Dirk Crass Which firms use trademarks? Firm-level evidence from Germany on the role of distance, product quality and innovation, Industry and Innovation 27, no.77 (Mar 2020): 730–755.https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2020.1737511Xinghua Deng, Ran Jing, Zheng Liang Trade liberalisation and domestic brands: Evidence from China's accession to the WTO, The World Economy 43, no.88 (Jan 2020): 2237–2262.https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12911Giancarlo Frosio Reforming the C-DSM Reform: A User-Based Copyright Theory for Commonplace Creativity, IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law 51, no.66 (Apr 2020): 709–750.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40319-020-00931-0Stephen Petrie, Mitchell Adams, Ben Mitra‐Kahn, Matthew Johnson, Russell Thomson, Paul Jensen, Alfons Palangkaraya, Elizabeth Webster TM‐Link: An Internationally Linked Trademark Database, Australian Economic Review 53, no.22 (May 2020): 254–269.https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.12373Sungho Cho, J. Lucy Lee, June Won, Jong Kwan (Jake) Lee Empirical Investigation of Sport Trademark Dilution Using Contingent Valuation Method, Journal of Sport Management 34, no.33 (May 2020): 189–200.https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2019-0174Shukhrat Nasirov Trademark value indicators: Evidence from the trademark protection lifecycle in the U.S. pharmaceutical industry, Research Policy 49, no.44 (May 2020): 103929.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2020.103929Raeyoon Kang, Taehyun Jung, Keun Lee Intellectual property rights and Korean economic development: the roles of patents, utility models and trademarks, Area Development and Policy 5, no.22 (Mar 2019): 189–211.https://doi.org/10.1080/23792949.2019.1585889Davidson Heath, Christopher Mace, Francesca Cornelli The Strategic Effects of Trademark Protection, The Review of Financial Studies 33, no.44 (Aug 2019): 1848–1877.https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhz084 Hayat M. Awan, Zara Hayat, Sahar Hayat, Rafia Faiz Impact of Status Consciousness on Consumer Purchase Intention and Brand Equity: the Mediating Role of Brand Associations, Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 6, no.11 (Mar 2020): 23–42.https://doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v6i1.1023Ji Yong Lee, Noppawong Pavasopon, Orachos Napasintuwong, Rodolfo M. Nayga Consumers' Valuation of Geographical Indication‐Labeled Food: The Case of Hom Mali Rice in Bangkok*, Asian Economic Journal 34, no.11 (Jun 2020): 79–96.https://doi.org/10.1111/asej.12196Suma Athreye, Claudio Fassio Why do innovators not apply for trademarks? The role of information asymmetries and collaborative innovation, Industry and Innovation 27, no.1-21-2 (Jun 2019): 134–154.https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2019.1616533Grid Thoma The valuation of patent-trademark pairing as IP strategy: evidence from the USPTO, Industry and Innovation 27, no.1-21-2 (Jun 2019): 80–104.https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2019.1633281Edoardo Ferrucci, Maria Isabella Leone, Manuel Romagnoli, Andrea Toros From a distinctive sign to an exchangeable asset: exploring the U.S. market for trademark licensing, Industry and Innovation 27, no.1-21-2 (Oct 2019): 25–51.https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2019.1661225Carolina Castaldi, Joern Block, Meindert J. Flikkema Editorial: why and when do firms trademark? Bridging perspectives from industrial organisation, innovation and entrepreneurship, Industry and Innovation 27, no.1-21-2 (Nov 2019): 1–10.https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2019.1685376Rafael Castro, Patricio Sáiz Cross-cultural factors in international branding, Business History 62, no.11 (Nov 2019): 1–25.https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2019.1592157Sèna Kimm Gnangnon Impact of Aid for Trade on Trademarks Applications in Recipient-Countries, International Economic Journal 34, no.11 (Aug 2019): 33–47.https://doi.org/10.1080/10168737.2019.1653951 , ( 2020): 319.https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119648055.ch9Shih-Fen S. Chen, Chya-Yi E. Liaw The coincidence of private branding and foreign sourcing: Is there a causality direction?, Journal of Business Research 108 (Jan 2020): 268–276.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.10.032Po-Hsuan Hsu, Kai Li, Xing Liu, Hong Wu Consolidating Product Lines via Mergers and Acquisitions: Evidence from the USPTO Trademark Data, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2020).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3002520Gordon Hull The Biopolitics of Intellectual Property, 81 (Nov 2019).https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108687232TERESA DA SILVA LOPES "The Nature of the Firm"—and the Eternal Life of the Brand, Enterprise & Society 20, no.44 (Nov 2019): 752–776.https://doi.org/10.1017/eso.2019.63Giwoong Bae, Hye-jin Kim The impact of movie titles on box office success, Journal of Business Research 103 (Oct 2019): 100–109.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.06.023Benedikt Herz, Malwina Mejer Effects of the European Union trademark: Lessons for the harmonization of intellectual property systems, Research Policy 48, no.77 (Sep 2019): 1841–1854.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2019.04.010Clemens Buchen, Bruno Deffains, Alberto Palermo Stigmatization, Liability and Public Enforcement of Law, Revue d'économie politique Vol. 129, no.22 (Jun 2019): 235–259.https://doi.org/10.3917/redp.292.0235Sena Kimm Gnangnon The Internet's impact on trademark applications, Economic Affairs 39, no.22 (Jun 2019): 216–231.https://doi.org/10.1111/ecaf.12348Stacey L. Brook Estimating the Determinants of NCAA Athletic Department Intellectual Property (Trademark) Rights, Journal of Sports Economics 20, no.33 (Jun 2018): 399–410.https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002518784000Grid Thoma Composite value index of trademark indicators, World Patent Information 56 (Mar 2019): 64–75.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2019.01.004Jorge L. Contreras , ( 2019).https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316416785Shukhrat Nasirov The Value of Trademarks: A Study of the Trademark (Protection) Lifecycle in the U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2019).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3326972Wan-Chien Chiu, Po-Hsuan Hsu, Chih-Wei Wang Trademark Protection and Bank Loan Contracting: The Evidence from the 1996 Federal Trademark Dilution Act, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2019).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3418210Giancarlo Frosio Reforming the C-DSM Reform: a User-Based Copyright Theory for Commonplace Creativity, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2019).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3482523Dennis W. K. Khong Intellectual Property: Economic Justification, (Apr 2019): 1178–1185.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7753-2_697P. Sean Morris Trademarks and the Economic Dimensions of Trademark Law in Europe and Beyond, (Apr 2019): 2070–2076.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7753-2_566DAVID A. HARPER, ANTHONY M. ENDRES From Quaker Oats to Virgin Brides: Brand capital as a complex adaptive system, Journal of Institutional Economics 14, no.66 (Nov 2017): 1071–1096.https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744137417000546Paul Duguid Early marks: American trademarks before US trademark law, Business History 60, no.88 (Oct 2016): 1145–1168.https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2016.1246541Patricio Sáiz, Rafael Castro Trademarks in branding: Legal issues and commercial practices, Business History 60, no.88 (Dec 2018): 1103–1124.https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2018.1497765Carsten Fink, Christian Helmers, Carlos J. Ponce Trademark squatters: Theory and evidence from Chile, International Journal of Industrial Organization 59 (Jul 2018): 340–371.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2018.04.004Carolina Castaldi To trademark or not to trademark: The case of the creative and cultural industries, Research Policy 47, no.33 (Apr 2018): 606–616.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.01.006Dennis L. Weisman A Note on the Law and Economics of Stolen Valor, The American Economist 63, no.11 (Oct 2017): 115–119.https://doi.org/10.1177/0569434517736287Dennis W. K. Khong Intellectual Property: Economic Justification, (Jul 2018): 1–8.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7883-6_697-1Koji Domon Markets of Quasi-Credence and Similar Foods, (Jun 2018): 61–83.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90466-5_4A. Mitchell Polinsky, Steven Shavell Law, Economic Analysis of, (Feb 2018): 7670–7689.https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_2440Po-Hsuan mname Hsu, Fengfei mname Li, Yoshio mname Nozawa The Bright and Dark Sides of Financial Derivatives: Options Trading and Product Development, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2018).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3101881Musa Ahmed Critical Review of Intellectual Property of Its Issue and Challenge, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2018).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3195356Shekh Abdullah-Al-Musa Ahmed Intellectual Property and Principles of IPR in Bangladesh, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2018).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3208646Po-Hsuan Hsu, Dongmei Li, Siew Hong Teoh, Kevin Tseng Misvaluation of New Trademarks, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2018).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3224187Shukhrat Nasirov The Use of Trademarks in Empirical Research: Towards an Integrated Framework, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2018).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3296064Catalina Martinez, Pluvia Zuniga Contracting for technology transfer: patent licensing and know-how in Brazil, Industry and Innovation 24, no.66 (Dec 2016): 659–689.https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2016.1263889Ioana Stefan, Lars Bengtsson Unravelling appropriability mechanisms and openness depth effects on firm performance across stages in the innovation process, Technological Forecasting and Social Change 120 (Jul 2017): 252–260.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.03.014Dirk Crass, Franz Schwiebacher The importance of trademark protection for product differentiation and innovation, Economia e Politica Industriale 44, no.22 (Nov 2016): 199–220.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40812-016-0058-1Nikolas Zolas, Travis J. Lybbert, Prantik Bhattacharyya An 'Algorithmic Links with Probabilities' Concordance for Trademarks with an Application Towards Bilateral IP Flows, The World Economy 40, no.66 (Feb 2016): 1184–1213.https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12382Michal Ephratt Namesakes: The Experience of Sharing One's Full Name with a Celebrity, Names 65, no.22 (Apr 2017): 88–103.https://doi.org/10.1080/00277738.2017.1304098Dennis Weisman A Note on the Economics of Stolen Valor, Defence and Peace Economics (Mar 2017): 1–6.https://doi.org/10.1080/10242694.2017.1302789Thomas Alexander Baker III, Xindan Liu, Natasha T. Brison, Nathan David Pifer Air Qiaodan, International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship 18, no.11 (Feb 2017): 95–105.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-05-2016-0009Ciaran Driver ADVERTISING'S ELUSIVE ECONOMIC RATIONALE: PUBLIC POLICY AND TAXATION, Journal of Economic Surveys 31, no.11 (Jul 2015): 1–16.https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12122Anna Abdulmanova, Stephen P. Ferris, Narayanan Jayaraman, Pratik Kothari The Effect of Investor Attention on Fraud Discovery and Value Loss in Securities Class Action Litigation, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2017).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3028224Meryem Duygun, Vania Sena, Mohamed Shaban Trademarking activities and total factor productivity: Some evidence for British commercial banks using a metafrontier approach, Journal of Banking & Finance 72 (Nov 2016): S70–S80.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2016.04.017Benedikt Herz, Malwina Mejer On the fee elasticity of the demand for trademarks in Europe, Oxford Economic Papers 68, no.44 (Jul 2016): 1039–1061.https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpw035Ignazio Cabras, David M. Higgins Beer, brewing, and business history, Business History 58, no.55 (Jan 2016): 609–624.https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2015.1122713Emanuela Carbonara, Enrico Santarelli, Hien Thu Tran De jure determinants of new firm formation: how the pillars of constitutions influence entrepreneurship, Small Business Economics 47, no.11 (Mar 2016): 139–162.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9715-zPhilipp Schautschick, Christine Greenhalgh Empirical studies of trade marks – The existing economic literature, Economics of Innovation and New Technology 25, no.44 (Jul 2015): 358–390.https://doi.org/10.1080/10438599.2015.1064598Christo Boshoff The lady doth protest too much: a neurophysiological perspective on brand tarnishment, Journal of Product & Brand Management 25, no.22 (Apr 2016): 196–207.https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-08-2014-0697Lara Agostini, Roberto Filippini, Anna Nosella Protecting intellectual property to enhance firm performance: does it work for SMEs?, Knowledge Management Research & Practice 14, no.11 (Dec 2017): 96–105.https://doi.org/10.1057/kmrp.2014.20P. Sean Morris Trademarks and the Economic Dimensions of Trademark Law in Europe and Beyond, (May 2016): 1–7.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7883-6_566-1Jean-Michel Josselin, Alain Marciano, Giovanni Battista Ramello The Law, The Economy, The Polity Jürgen Backhaus, A Thinker Outside the Box, (Dec 2016): 1–15.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47471-7_1Estelle Derclaye, Aloys Leo Prinz Do Intellectual Property Rights Make Us Less Happy? Subjective Well-Being and the Number of Designs, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2016).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2824403Christian Handke Intellectual Property in Creative Industries: The Economic Perspective, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2016).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2893066Philipp Sandner, Christa Dufter, Richard Geibel Does Venture Capital Investment Lead to a Change in Start-Ups' Intellectual Property Strategies?, American Journal of Industrial and Business Management 06, no.1212 (Jan 2016): 1146–1173.https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2016.612107 김병우 Knowledge Protection Selection: Multinomial Logit Model, Journal of Product Research 33, no.66 (Dec 2015): 55–62.https://doi.org/10.36345/kacst.2015.33.6.006 Intellectual Property, (Oct 2015): 315–352.https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119204381.ch9Lara Agostini, Roberto Filippini, Anna Nosella Brand-Building Efforts and Their Association with SME Sales Performance, Journal of Small Business Management 53 (Sep 2015): 161–173.https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12185Carl Benedikt Frey, Atif Ansar, Sacha Wunsch-Vincent Defining and Measuring the "Market for Brands": Are Emerging Economies Catching up?, The Journal of World Intellectual Property 18, no.55 (Sep 2015): 217–244.https://doi.org/10.1111/jwip.12041Paul Duguid De Londres à Porto : une description du marché international du vin au XVIIIe siècle, Annales des Mines - Gérer et comprendre N˚ 119, no.11 (Apr 2015): 13–21.https://doi.org/10.3917/geco1.119.0013DAVID M. HIGGINS, MADS MORDHORST Bringing Home the "Danish" Bacon: Food Chains, National Branding and Danish Supremacy over the British Bacon Market, c. 1900–1938, Enterprise & Society 16, no.11 (Jan 2015): 141–185.https://doi.org/10.1017/eso.2014.14Emanuela Carbonara, Enrico Santarelli De Jure Determinants of New Firm Formation: How the Pillars of Constitutions Influence Entrepreneurship, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2015).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2559675Andrey E Shastitko, Anastasia Andreevna Komkova, Alexander Kurdin (Unfair Competition in the Field of Intellectual Property), SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2015).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2610043Meryem Duygun, Vania Sena, Mohamed Shaban Trademarking status and economic efficiency among commercial banks: Some evidence for the UK, Journal of Banking & Finance 49 (Dec 2014): 506–514.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2014.06.009Stefan Bechtold, Catherine Tucker Trademarks, Triggers, and Online Search, Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 11, no.44 (Oct 2014): 718–750.https://doi.org/10.1111/jels.12054Joern H. Block, Geertjan De Vries, Jan H. Schumann, Philipp Sandner Trademarks and venture capital valuation, Journal of Business Venturing 29, no.44 (Jul 2014): 525–542.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2013.07.006Teresa da Silva Lopes, Paulo Guimaraes Trademarks and British dominance in consumer goods, 1876-1914, The Economic History Review (May 2014): n/a–n/a.https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0289.12039Meindert Flikkema, Ard-Pieter De Man, Carolina Castaldi Are Trademark Counts a Valid Indicator of Innovation? Results of an In-Depth Study of New Benelux Trademarks Filed by SMEs, Industry and Innovation 21, no.44 (Jul 2014): 310–331.https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2014.934547Dr Daniela Carlucci, Lara Agostini, Roberto Filippini, Anna Nosella Corporate and product brands: do they improve SMEs' performance?, Measuring Business Excellence 18, no.11 (Mar 2014): 78–91.https://doi.org/10.1108/MBE-11-2013-0060Paul Duguid Information in the Mark and the Marketplace: A Multivocal Account, Enterprise and Society 15, no.11 (Feb 2015): 1–30.https://doi.org/10.1093/es/kht108Stuart J. H. Graham, Alan C. Marco, Amanda F. Myers The USPTO Trademark Assignment Dataset: Descriptions, Lessons, and Insights, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2014).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2430962Anne T. Coughlan, Vidya Kamate, Yi Qian Brand Value and Stock Markets: Evidence from Trademark Litigations, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2014).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2536672Dirk Crass Which Firms Use Trademarks And Why? Representative Firm-Level Evidence from Germany, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2014).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2562298Alan C. Marco, Stuart J.H. Graham, Kirsten Apple The USPTO Trademark Assignment Dataset: Descriptions and Insights, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2014).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2848558Stuart J.H. Graham, Galen Hancock, Alan C. Marco, Amanda Fila Myers The USPTO Trademark Case Files Dataset: Descriptions, Lessons, and Insights, Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 22, no.44 (Oct 2013): 669–705.https://doi.org/10.1111/jems.12035Dev S. Gangjee Property in brands, (Sep 2013): 29–59.https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107300880.004G. von Graevenitz Trade mark cluttering-evidence from EU enlargement, Oxford Economic Papers 65, no.33 (Jun 2013): 721–745.https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpt022Steven S. Cuellar, Marianna Claps Differential effects of brand, ratings and region on willingness to pay: a hedonic price approach, Journal of Wine Research 24, no.22 (Jun 2013): 138–155.https://doi.org/10.1080/09571264.2013.766160David G. Raboy, Syed Abul Basher, Ishrat Hossain, Simeon Kaitibie More Efficient Production Subsidies for Emerging Agriculture in Arab Micro-States: A Conceptual Model, Review of Middle East Economics and Finance 9, no.33 (Jan 2013).https://doi.org/10.1515/rmeef-2012-0015Charles A. Wood, Souvrav Ray, Paul Messinger Leaving the Tier: An Examination of Asymmetry in Pricing Patterns in Online High Tech Shops, (Jan 2013): 63–73.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39808-7_6Stuart J. H. Graham, Galen Hancock, Alan C. Marco, Amanda F. Myers The USPTO Trademark Case Files Dataset: Descriptions, Lessons, and Insights, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2013).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2188621Stefan Bechtold, Catherine Tucker Trademarks, Triggers, and Online Search, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2013).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2266945Chenoy Ceil The Central Rationale for Trademark Protection Is and Ought to Be the Need of Businesses to Protect their Brand Value Rather than the Public Interest, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2013).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2288154Michael E. Kenneally Intellectual Property Rights and Institutions: A Pluralist Account, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2013).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2310986Dirk Crass, Franz Schwiebacher Do Trademarks Diminish the Substitutability of Products in Innovative Knowledge-Intensive Services?, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2013).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2319344Nikolas Jason Zolas, Travis J. Lybbert, Prantik Bhattacharyya An Algorithmic Links with Probabilitiess Concordance for Trademarks: For Disaggregated Analysis of Trademark & Economic Data, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2013).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2373539Riyad Eid, Raja Yahya Al Sharief, Laila Hussein Factors Affecting the Success of Online Branding, (Jan 2013): 250–263.https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1861-9.ch017Pradyot R. Jena, Ulrike Grote Impact Evaluation of Traditional Basmati Rice Cultivation in Uttarakhand State of Northern India: What Implications Does It Hold for Geographical Indications?, World Development 40, no.99 (Sep 2012): 1895–1907.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.04.004Katya Assaf Magical Thinking in Trademark Law, Law & Social Inquiry 37, no.33 (Nov 2011): 595–626.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2011.01271.xNuno Pires de Carvalho Toward a Unified Theory of Intellectual Property: The Differentiating Capacity (and Function) as the Thread That Unites All its Components, The Journal of World Intellectual Property 15, no.44 (Jul 2012): 251–279.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1796.2012.00441.xGuodong (Gordon) Gao, Lorin M. Hitt Information Technology and Trademarks: Implications for Product Variety, Management Science 58, no.66 (Jun 2012): 1211–1226.https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1110.1480Manuel Mira Godinho, Vítor Ferreira Analyzing the evidence of an IPR take-off in China and India, Research Policy 41, no.33 (Apr 2012): 499–511.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2011.09.009Christine Greenhalgh The social benefits and costs of trade marksand brands, (Mar 2012): 23–42.https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139084604.005Christine Greenhalgh, Mark Rogers Trade Marks and Performance in Services and Manufacturing Firms: Evidence of Schumpeterian Competition through Innovation, Australian Economic Review 45, no.11 (Mar 2012): 50–76.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8462.2011.00665.xAndre M. Louw Mega-Event Rights Protection and Intellectual Property Laws, (Jun 2012): 293–414.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-864-4_5Patricio Sáiz, Paloma Fernández Pérez Catalonian Trademarks and the Development of Marketing Knowledge in Spain, 1850–1946, Business History Review 86, no.22 (Sep 2012): 239–260.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007680512000396Paul Duguid A Case of Prejudice? The Uncertain Development of Collective and Certification Marks, Business History Review 86, no.22 (Sep 2012): 311–333.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007680512000426Joern Hendrich Block, Geertjan de Vries, Philipp G. Sandner, Jan H. Schumann Trademarks and Venture Capital Funding, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2012).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2064508Georg von Graevenitz Trade Mark Cluttering - Evidence from EU Enlargement, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2012).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2145588Georg von Graevenitz, Christine Greenhalgh, Christian Helmers, Philipp Schautschick Trade Mark Cluttering: An Exploratory Report, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2012).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2710618Daniel F. Spulber Intellectual Property and the Theory of the Firm, (Nov 2011): 9–46.https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139051262.