Background Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic condition that affects an estimated 1 in 3000 people worldwide. Between 30% and 50% of patients with NF1 develop symptomatic, inoperable plexiform neurofibromas. To identify the unmet needs and understand the potential value of new treatments, the treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), and clinical outcomes were evaluated in a real-world cohort of 102 pediatric patients with NF1 and PN.Methods Retrospective data were collected from patients diagnosed with NF1 and symptomatic, inoperable PNs from 2000 to 2018 across 3 US sites. Data on clinical characteristics, site visits, treatments, and outcomes were collected through 2019.Results Patients with NF1, on average, developed 3.5 symptomatic, inoperable PNs during the study. PN complications included pain (76.5%), disfigurement (45.1%), and motor dysfunction (13.7%). During the study period, which was prior to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors for NF1, available treatments attempted to address the symptoms caused by PNs but did not typically slow or prevent their growth. Surgery was performed for 38.1% of study patients. At follow-up of >= 12 months, 62.5% of PNs regrew after surgery. Each year, patients made, on average, 6 visits to an outpatient care center and 1 visit to an oncologist. Nearly all patients (99.0%) received at least 1 diagnostic imaging scan, with 3.4 scans per year on average.Conclusions This study describes the high burden of HCRU among pediatric patients with NF1-PN prior to FDA approval of pharmacologic therapies for PN and demonstrates the need for effective treatment options. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a hereditary condition that can cause painful tumors. These tumors affect appearance and physical function. We studied children with NF1 in the United States before medication specific to NF1 was available. We reviewed medical records to better understand NF1 symptoms, treatments, and outcomes. Patients developed more than 3 tumors over the course of the study and had around 6 doctor visits every year. Many treatments helped relieve symptoms but did not prevent tumor growth. This study illustrates the hardships NF1 patients face and the need for better treatments.
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