Quantum computing is a new discipline combining quantum mechanics and computer science, which is expected to solve technical problems that are difficult for classical computers to solve efficiently. At present, quantum algorithms and hardware continue to develop at a high speed, but due to the serious constraints of quantum devices, such as the limited numbers of qubits and circuit depth, the fault-tolerant quantum computing will not be available in the near future. Variational quantum algorithms(VQAs) using classical optimizers to train parameterized quantum circuits have emerged as the main strategy to address these constraints. However, VQAs still have many challenges, such as trainability, hardware noise, expressibility and entangling capability. The fundamental concepts and applications of VQAs are reviewed. Then, strategies are introduced to overcome the challenges of VQAs and the importance of further researching VQAs is highlighted.
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