Visualizing Categorical Data

A modified particle is disclosed wherein a particle has an attached group having the formula: wherein Ar represents an aromatic group; R1 represents a bond, an arylene group, an alkylene group wherein R4 is an alkyl or alkylene group or an aryl or arylene group; R2 and R3, which can be the same or different, represent hydrogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group, -OR5, -NHR5, -NR5R5, or -SR5, wherein R5, which is the same or different, represents an alkyl group or an aryl group; and Q represents a labile halide containing species. Also disclosed is a modified particle or aggregate having attached a group having the formula: wherein CoupA represents a Si-containing group, a Ti-containing group, or a Zr-containing group; R8 and R9, which can be the same or different, represent hydrogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group, -OR10, -NHR10, -NR10R10, or -SR10, wherein R10 represents an alkyl group or an aryl group; Q represents a labile halide containing species; and n is an integer of from 1 to 3. Modified particles with attached polymers are also disclosed as well as methods of making the modified particles.