Abstract Snapshot ultrafast optical imaging (SUOI) is critical for real-time visualization of transient physical processes. Compressed ultrafast photography (CUP), a leading SUOI technique, enables capture of nonrepeatable events at ultrahigh frame rates. However, conventional CUP relies primarily on intensity-based detection, restricting its ability to resolve transparent phase objects and transient scenes characterized by weak boundaries or subtle refractive-index variations. To address this limitation, we present vortex-filtering-enabled edge-enhanced CUP (VE-CUP), which incorporates a spiral phase contrast module in front of a CUP system. By converting weak-phase or amplitude fluctuations into edge-enhanced intensity modulations prior to spatiotemporal encoding and reconstruction, VE-CUP efficiently suppresses low-frequency background noise, accentuates boundary and gradient features, and thereby enhances the visibility and structural clarity of low-contrast transient scenes. Single-shot imaging of femtosecond-laser-induced plasma evolution in air and shock-wave propagation in MgO crystals demonstrates that VE-CUP can effectively visualize and quantitatively characterize representative ultrafast dynamics across picosecond to nanosecond time scales. Our findings establish VE-CUP as a powerful extension of CUP for probing weak-phase, low-contrast, and boundary-dominated ultrafast phenomena.
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