Wireless Monitoring of Urban Rail Transit-Induced Environmental Vibration Using Virtual Instrumentation and 5G: Metrological Assessment and Experimental Validation

To address complex cabling, fragmented data, and inconsistent metrological evaluation, we developed a 5G-enabled wireless system for long-term monitoring of urban rail transit environmental vibration. The system uses CA-YD-188 piezoelectric accelerometers and a PF-5804 synchronous data acquisition card. Following transmission over a 5G virtual private network, the data are processed in LabVIEW and organized in Technical Data Management Streaming (TDMS) files. The platform supports system configuration, data visualization, alarm generation, storage, and analyses in both the time and frequency domains. System feasibility and measurement accuracy were evaluated through sensor metrological characteristics, measurement uncertainty, metrological traceability, and synchronous comparison with a reference vibration measurement system. The maximum relative errors in mean acceleration, vibration acceleration level, and natural frequency were 3.1