Women's Experience with Gender-Based Discrimination, Social Support, and Health Outcomes: A Subgroup Analysis of the All of Us Research Program Study

Women in the United States experience gender-based discrimination frequently, and these experiences appear to be negatively associated with health outcomes. The current study conducted an intersectional, subgroup analysis by ethnicity of women's experiences with gender-based everyday discrimination and the associations with their reported mental health, emotional problems, and physical health. Social support was examined as a possible moderator of the associations. Analyses included 45,638 women of diverse identities in the All of Us Research Program. Experience with gender-based discrimination was associated with poorer mental and physical health and more emotional problems for women of all races/ethnicities. Increased social support was associated with better mental and physical health. Furthermore, social support moderated the association between gender-based discrimination and health for Black women's mental health and emotional problems and for Hispanic women's mental and physical health. This suggests that social support buffers gender-based discrimination for women who identify as Black and Hispanic. Results can inform research, clinical practice, and policies.