专

一种嵌入式原子力显微镜及控制扫描系统

KR338363A1

发明人

张连生, 梁永韵, 王俊凯, 黄强先, 李红莉, 程荣俊

受让人

申请人

NEWMAN MARK

申请号

002871

申请日

1989-05-29

公开(公告)号

KR338363A1

公开(公告)日

2003-10-16

IPC分类号

A61K031/095A61K031/79A61K045/08A61K047/20A61K009/08A61P031/02A61K031/047A61K031/10A61K031/14A61K031/167A61K031/185A61K031/235A61K031/517A61K045/06A61K047/42A61K009/00A61K009/06A61K009/70A61P017/02A61K047/18A61K047/22A61K047/32A61L015/44A61K031/498A61K033/38A61K031/045A61K031/085A61K031/122A61K031/155A61K031/245A61K031/255A61K033/18A61K033/20A61K038/19A61K038/36A61K038/37A61P043/00A61K000/00A61P000/00

CPC分类号

优先权号

371423

80008760

优先权日

2012-02-10

2014-08-07

摘要

NOVELTY - Conventionally, the bit rate of a voiceless part of a voice signal is lowered distinguishing the voiceless part from the voiced part; according to the invention, the bit rate of the voiced part is also lowered. The voiced part is constituted of a vowel sound and a consonant sound. The vowel sound can be reproduced with almost no degradation of the quality by reproducing the vocal track component and the pitch component even if the encoding bit rate of the other components is lowered. Therefore, when the vowel sound of the voiced part is encoded, the average bit rate when the voiced part is sounded is lowered by reducing the encoding bits of a noise code book and by lowering the bit rate to a half rate. To discriminate a vowel sound, the relation between the LPC spectrum and the LSP coefficients is used. The vowel sound has high peaks in the LPC spectrum, and the LSP coefficients are present on both sides of the peaks. Therefore, when adjacent LSP coefficients are clos er to each other than a predetermined threshold, it is judged that a peak is present. Such judgment is made for some of the peaks, thereby judging whether or not the sound is a vowel.

USE - Rate control device for variable-rate voice encoding system

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - Autocorrelation function coefficient calculating section (10)

LPC calculating section (12)

Rate determining section (11)

LPC-LSP converting section (13)

LSP quantizing section (14)

Voiced sound rate control section (20)

LSP-LPC converting section (15)

Residual signal calculating section (16)

Adaptive code book searching section (17)

Noise code book searching section (18)

Gain quantizing section (19)

权利要求

1. A wireless communication device comprising: a Physical (PHY) layer comprising circuitry and configured to provide a first communication service and a second communication service across a communication network; and control circuitry in communication with the PHY layer and distinct from the PHY layer, the control circuitry configured to: adjust the circuitry of the PHY layer to provide a first performance characteristic in support of the first communication service; receive a configuration indication from an application executing on the device that indicates a communication service change from the first communication service to the second communication service, where the configuration indication is indicative of a second performance characteristic of the PHY layer that is different than the first performance characteristic; and in response to the communication service change: adjust at least one of: an accuracy associated with a converter of the PHY layer, a resolution associated with the converter, a rate associated with decoder circuitry or encoder circuitry of the PHY layer, or a size associated with a transformation engine to provide the second performance characteristic for optimizing the PHY layer in-support of the second communication service.

2. The device of claim 1 , where the control circuitry is configured to adjust a length of a buffer circuit based on the second communication service to provide the second performance characteristic.

3. The device of claim 1 , where the control circuitry is configured to adjust a decoding rate of the decoder circuitry based on the second communication service to provide the second performance characteristic.

4. The device of claim 1 , where the control circuitry is configured to adjust the accuracy, the resolution, or both of the converter based on the second communication service to provide the second performance characteristic, where the converter comprises an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), or both.

5. The device of claim 1 , where the control circuitry is configured to adjust a periodicity, another accuracy, or both of a synchronization circuit based on the second communication service to provide the second performance characteristic.

6. The device of claim 1 , where the control circuitry is configured to adjust the size, another accuracy, or both of the transformation engine based on the second communication characteristic to provide the second performance characteristic, where the transformation engine comprises a fast fourier transform (FFT) engine, an inverse fast fourier transform engine (IFFT), or both.

7. The device of claim 1 , where the circuitry of the PHY layer comprises: configurable circuitry; and where the control circuitry is configured to adjust a selected portion of the configurable circuitry according to the second communication service to provide the second performance characteristic.

8. A wireless communication device comprising: a Physical (PHY) layer comprising circuitry and configurable to provide a first communication service and a second communication service across a communication network; and control circuitry in communication with the PHY layer and distinct from the circuitry of the PHY layer, the control circuitry configured to: adjust the circuitry of the PHY layer to provide a performance characteristic in support of the first communication service; receive a configuration indication from an application executing on the device, where the configuration indication specifies a performance characteristic change to the PHY layer to support a change from the first communication service to the second communication service provided by the application; and adjust the performance characteristic of the PHY layer based on the configuration indication by adjusting the circuitry of the PHY layer, wherein the control circuitry is configured to adjust the performance characteristic of the PHY layer by adjusting configurable circuitry of the circuitry of the PHY layer.

9. The device of claim 8 , where the configuration indication comprises an application program interface (API) instruction.

10. The device of claim 9 , where the API instruction specifies a signal routing change in the circuitry of the PHY layer.

11. The device of claim 9 , where the API instruction specifies a control register change in the circuitry of the PHY layer.

12. The device of claim 8 , where the configurable circuitry comprises circuitry with a controllable number of data cells.

13. The device of claim 8 , where the performance characteristic comprises a power conservation performance characteristic.

14. A wireless communication device comprising: a first physical (PHY) layer in the device configured to provide a first communication service across a first communication network; a second physical (PHY) layer in the device configured to provide a second communication service across a second communication network that is distinct from the first communication network, where the second PHY layer is independent of the first PHY layer; and control logic in communication with the first PHY layer and the second PHY layer, the control logic configured to: receive an indication of a first communication change in the first PHY layer from an application executing on the device, where the first communication change comprises a communication service change, a communication network change, or both, and in response: adjusting a performance characteristic of the first PHY layer based on the first communication change; and identify a second communication change in the second PHY layer, where the second communication change comprises a communication service change, a communication network change, or both, and in response: adjusting a performance characteristic of the second PHY layer based on the second communication change.

15. The device of claim 14 , where the second PHY layer is functionally independent from the first PHY layer.

16. The device of claim 15 , where the second PHY layer is functionally independent from the first PHY layer by sharing circuitry in the device in a time-shared manner.

17. The device of claim 14 , where the second PHY layer is architecturally independent from the first PHY layer.

18. The device of claim 14 , where the control logic is configured to adjust a performance characteristic of the first PHY layer by determining a selected fixed circuit from a set of fixed circuit options.

19. The device of claim 14 , where the control logic is configured to adjust a performance characteristic of the second PHY layer by determining a selected fixed circuit from a set of fixed circuit options.

20. A wireless communication device, comprising: physical layer circuitry configurable to adjust and provide a plurality of communication services over a plurality of communication networks; and control circuitry communicably coupled to the physical layer circuitry, wherein the control circuitry is configured to: identify a first communication service of the plurality of communication services to be provided over a first communication network of the plurality of communication networks by the physical layer circuitry; configure the physical layer circuitry to provide a first performance characteristic in support of the first communication service over the first communication network; receive a configuration indication from an application executing on the device, where the configuration indication specifies a second performance characteristic in support of a second communication service of the plurality of communication services to be provided over a second communication network of the plurality of communication networks by the physical layer circuitry, the second communication service being distinct from the first communication service and the second communication network being distinct from the first communication network; and adjust and configure the physical layer circuitry to adjust and provide the second performance characteristic in support of the second communication service over the second communication network.

21. The wireless communication device of claim 20 , wherein the physical layer circuitry is configured to provide the first communication service over the first communication network in accordance with a first communication protocol of the first communication network and to provide the second communication service over the second communication network in accordance with a second communication protocol of the second communication network, the second communication protocol being distinct from, and non-interoperable with, the first communication protocol.

22. The device of claim 1 , wherein the control circuitry is further configured to: in response to the communication service change: adjust at least one of: another accuracy associated with a synchronization circuit of the PHY layer or the transformation engine of the PHY layer, a periodicity associated with the synchronization circuit, or a length associated with a buffer circuit of the PHY layer.

说明书

[0001]This application claims foreign priority of German Patent Application No. DE 10 2006 024 576.8, filed May 23, 2006 in Germany, which application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002]FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0003]The present invention relates to a sheet-metal-type part, in particular a muffler bottom having at least one through-opening for a tubular part, in particular for an exhaust pipe.

[0004]BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0005]In a multitude of applications, it is necessary to pass a tubular part through a through-opening in a sheet-metal-type part and connect it there. Such an application would be, for example, a muffler bottom of an exhaust system for an internal combustion engine, (for example, in a motor vehicle) through which bottom, an exhaust pipe passes. During operation of the exhaust system, there may be mechanical stress in the area of the connection of the tubular part to the sheet-metal-type part, and the resulting force peaks may result in cracking in the circumferential edge of the through-opening.

[0006]SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0007]The present invention relates to the problem of providing an embodiment for a sheet-metal-type part of the generic type so that it will be characterized by a better durability in particular.

[0008]The present invention is based on the general idea of providing at least one slot that passes through the sheet-metal-type part in an area adjacent to the through-opening, so that the slot runs in the circumferential direction of the through-opening or tangentially thereto. One or more such slots result in an improved introduction of force into the sheet-metal-type part during operation of the exhaust system and/or in heating of the tubular part and thus lead to a force flow running in a meandering line around the slots provided in the sheet-metal-type part. Owing to the meandering line of the force flow, the force is introduced into the sheet-metal-type part along a much longer path, so it is capable of absorbing the force introduced in the elastic range and thus absorbing it without deformation and/or damage. Due to the elimination of stress peaks that exceed the elastic range of the sheet-metal-type part, the lifetime of the arrangement of parts formed by the tubular part and the sheet-metal-type part can be increased significantly.

[0009]Essentially the at least one slot passing through the sheet-metal-type part can be produced by a suitable cutting operation with or without removal of material. In an exemplary embodiment, the respective slot is produced by punching out and/or punching through an area of the sheet-metal-type part which is in the area adjacent to the through-opening, e.g., by means of a corresponding punching operation. Such a punching operation can be implemented as a non-cutting operation, so the tool used in this process can achieve a long lifetime and the manufacturing cost for the sheet-metal-type part can therefore be reduced.

[0010]The slot expediently has a rounded end which enlarges the width of the slot at one end, or the end sections of the slot on the longitudinal end may be curved in a semicircular shape. Both variants produce a favorable flow of force in the area of the slot at the longitudinal end and thereby reduce the risk of cracking of the end of the slot. Due to the embodiment of the areas of the slots at the longitudinal end described here, stress peaks can thus be absorbed better and at the same time the lifetime of the sheet-metal-type part can be increased.

[0011]In another exemplary embodiment of the inventive approach, at least two slots have different lengths. The longitudinal extent of slots may be adapted individually to the force flow that occurs and/or is expected to occur, so that at the time of its manufacture, the sheet-metal-type part can be aligned especially well with the stresses occurring in the later operating state.

[0012]In yet another exemplary embodiment of the inventive approach, several slots are arranged along several circles spaced a distance apart radially. These circles need not necessarily have the same midpoint and they produce a favorable force flow of the force to be introduced in particular with an arrangement of the slots along the circles, which is selected in the manner of an offset arrangement. Due to the slots arranged in the manner of an offset arrangement, the force flow is forced to follow a meandering line, thereby lengthening the distance traveled. This prolonged force introduction pathway causes the material to be capable of absorbing the force introduced in the elastic range, so there is no plastic deformation, in particular no prominent plastic deformation during operation.

[0013]It is self-evident that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below may be used not only in the particular combination given but also in other combinations or alone without going beyond the scope of the present invention.

[0014]Exemplary embodiments of the invention are depicted in the drawings and explained in greater detail in the following description, where the same reference numerals refer to the same or similar or functionally identical parts.

[0015]BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the drawings, schematically in each; FIG. 1 shows a sheet-metal-type part having the inventive slots passing through it; and FIG. 2 shows a diagram like that in FIG. 1 but in a different embodiment.

[0016]DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

[0017]According to FIG. 1 , a sheet-metal-type part 1 has at least one through-opening 2 , here a total of three through-openings 2 , 2 ′, 2 ″, whereby a tubular part (not shown here), in particular an exhaust pipe, can be passed through the through-opening 2 . Accordingly, the sheet-metal-type part 1 may be designed as a muffler bottom, for example, and may be part of a muffler (not otherwise shown here) of an exhaust system for an internal combustion engine, for example in a motor vehicle. As FIG. 1 also shows, the sheet-metal-type part 1 has a plurality of slots 3 passing through the sheet-metal-type part 1 in an area adjacent to the through-opening 2 , these slots running essentially in the circumferential direction of the through-opening 2 or tangentially thereto. The slots 3 may have a curved or straight profile. In addition to the slots 3 , the sheet-metal-type part may also have other openings 4 passing through the sheet-metal-type part 1 and arranged in an offset grid pattern according to FIG. 1 . However, the openings 4 are shown here merely as an example, so that sheet-metal-type parts 1 , which do not have any additional openings 4 according to FIG. 2 , should also be included in the invention.

[0018]At the longitudinal end of the slots 3 , they may have a rounded area 5 which enlarges the slot width (see FIG. 2 ) and which produces an improved force flow within the sheet-metal-type part 1 . Instead of the rounded end 5 , the longitudinal end sections of the slots 3 may also be curved in a semicircular shape, which has the same effect. The rounded ends 5 and/or the curved end sections are preferably arranged concave to one another and protrude radially outward away from the respective slot 3 .

[0019]The slots 3 are arranged along a plurality of circles 6 spaced a radial distance apart from another, these circles may not have a common midpoint as shown in FIG. 1 or may be arranged concentrically with one another as shown in FIG. 2 . Regardless of the arrangement of the circles 6 in relation to one another, the slots 3 are preferably arranged in a type of offset arrangement to one another along the circles 6 spaced a radial distance apart from one another. Such an offset arrangement is known from the field of masonry, for example, and has the effect that joints between the individual slots 3 do not run continuously in any layer (here: circles 6 ).

[0020]In the installed state, the tubular part (not shown here) passes at least through the through-opening 2 and is fixedly connected to the sheet-metal-type part 1 in the area of the through-opening 2 , e.g., by welding or soldering. During operation, there may be heating of the tubular part so that it expands in the circumferential direction. Such an expansion results in forces acting in the circumferential direction on an edge 7 of the through-opening 2 , which in the worst case would lead to cracking of the edge 7 . To prevent such cracking, the slots 3 are provided in the area adjacent to the through-opening 2 . The slots 3 then cause a deflection of the force flow so that the path to the introduction of force is lengthened, preferably so that the sheet-metal-type part 1 can absorb the force which is introduced, e.g., due to the thermal expansion, in the elastic range. The arrangement of the slots 3 in the manner of an offset arrangement along the circle 6 spaced a distance apart from one another radially as described above results in a forced meandering profile of the force flow between the slots 3 and thus lengthens the force introduction pathway in a particularly advantageous manner. The arrangement of slots 3 along the circle 6 spaced a radial distance apart is to be understood as merely an example so that, for example, an arrangement of the slots 3 along rays curving in the circumferential direction is also conceivable.

[0021]As also shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the slots 3 may have different lengths and may be adapted especially well to the expected input of force. It is also conceivable that the slots 3 may be arranged only on a limited circumferential segment around the through-opening 2 , as shown in FIG. 1 , for example, or may be arranged around the through-opening 2 for the full circumference, as shown in FIG. 2 .

[0022]In general, the sheet-metal-type part 1 may be designed as a muffler bottom as described above and may therefore form a part of a muffler, e.g., for an exhaust system of a motor vehicle. Such a muffler bottom has the function of a partition, for example, separating two chambers in the muffler from one another. One of the chambers may be, for example, an absorption chamber that is filled with a sound-absorbing material or an absorbent material. The sheet-metal-type part 1 in this embodiment is attached to a housing of the muffler (not shown), in particular by welding. Essentially the sheet-metal-type part 1 here may be made of a plastic or a metal, in particular sheet metal. The term “sheet metal type” as used here should be understood to mean only that in a Cartesian coordinate system, the part 1 has a much smaller thickness than its extent in the longitudinal and/or width directions. In general, the sheet-metal-type part 1 may essentially have any desired three-dimensional profile and need not extend in one plane.

[0023]The invention proposes that in the case of a sheet-metal-type part 1 having a through-opening 2 for a tubular part slots 3 are to be provided, passing through the sheet-metal-type part 1 in the area around the through-opening 2 and/or in an area adjacent thereto, these slots being designed and arranged in such a way that a force introduced through the tubular part in particular due to thermal expansion thereof can be absorbed in the elastic range of the sheet-metal-type part 1 . To this end, the slots 3 are arranged to run essentially in the circumferential direction or tangentially to the through-opening 2 .

同族专利

暂无同族专利