[0001]This application is a 371 of International Application No, PCT/EP2005/002230 filed Mar. 3, 2005, which claims priority to GB 0406894,6 filed Mar. 26, 2004, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0002]The present invention relates to a novel method for reducing the cyanide content of a mesotrione sample.
[0003]Mesotrione (2-(2′-nitro-4′-methylsulphonyl benzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione) is a selective corn herbicide and has the structure of formula (I)
[0004]Mesotrione is prepared by reacting 2-nitro-4-methylsulphonyl benzoyl chloride with cyclohexanedione to give the enol ester, followed by a rearrangement reaction to give mesotrione, as shown in the following reaction scheme:
[0005]2-Nitro-4-methylsulphonyl benzoyl chloride is prepared from the corresponding benzoic acid, which in turn is prepared by oxidation of 2-nitro-4-methylsulphonyl toluene. More details on the preparative route may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,695,673.
[0006]During the rearrangement process, the mesotrione sample is contaminated with cyanide residues from the acetone cyanohydrin catalyst. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a simple, but effective method for reducing the level of cyanide residues in the mesotrione sample to an acceptable level.
[0007]It has surprisingly been found that adjusting the pH of a mesotrione sample in aqueous solution has a significant impact on the resulting cyanide levels.
[0008]Accordingly the present invention provides a method for reducing the cyanide levels in a mesotrione sample, said method comprising:
[0009](i) taking an aqueous solution of the mesotrione sample in an aqueous solvent,
[0010](ii) adjusting the pH of said aqueous solution to a value of 9.5 or higher, and
[0011](iii) crystallising the mesotrione out of solution.
[0012]In one embodiment of the invention, the mesotrione sample has previously been isolated, and the aqueous solution is formed by dissolving the isolated sample in an aqueous solvent.
[0013]In a second embodiment of the invention, the mesotrione sample has not previously been isolated and remains dissolved in the aqueous solvent used in the condensation/rearrangement reaction described above.
[0014]The aqueous solvent may be selected from the group consisting of water and a water soluble solvent, such as acetonitrile, triethylamine, methanol, ethanol, acetone. Preferably, the aqueous solvent is water. The mesotrione sample is suitably dissolved in the aqueous solvent to give a solution concentration of from 1% to 30%, suitably from 5% to 15%, and preferably from 8% to 11%.
[0015]Suitably, the pH of the aqueous solution is raised to a pH of at least 11, and preferably at least 11.5. Suitably, the aqueous mesotrione sample is held at a pH of at least 9.5 for at least 5 minutes, suitably at least 15 minutes and preferably at least 30 minutes.
[0016]Suitably, the temperature of the aqueous solution should not be greater than 30° C.
[0017]The crystallisation is carried out according to standard laboratory procedures. For example, for a batch crystallisation, the final pH is adjusted from its starting value of 9.5 or higher to pH 2.5 by charging hydrochloric acid to the crystalliser. The hydrochloric acid should be charged in a manner to ensure adequate mixing. The crystallisation process may also be carried out as a semi-batch or continuous process. The crystallisation step may also include a nitrogen-sparging step, wherein nitrogen is bubbled through the crystallisation vessel in a continuous fashion and sent to a scrubber.
[0018]The method of the invention may further include a distillation step to remove solvents when the mesotrione sample has not previously been isolated (i.e. the second embodiment of the invention). The distillation step may be carried out either before or after adjusting the pH to 9.5 or higher. The distillation step is suitably carried out using a sufficient amount of steam to remove the solvents from the aqueous solution.
[0019]Suitably, the method of the invention reduces the cyanide levels in the mesotrione sample to 150 ppm or less, more suitably 100 ppm or less and preferably 50 ppm or less.
[0020]The invention will now be described further with reference to the following examples, which are illustrative but not limiting of the invention.
[0021]EXAMPLE 1
[0022]Wet paste mesotrione that was high in total CN was subjected to different treatments in an effort to reduce the total CN content. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0023]TABLE 1 Cyanide Original Content % Cyanide after reduction Example Content Treatment in Cyanide No. Treatment (PPM) (PPM) content 1A Mesotrione was placed in water to make 546 15 97% an aqueous solution at a concentration of ~10%, pH was adjusted to >13, ACN was charged, and the mixture was then batch crystallised following standard lab procedures. 1B Mesotrione was placed in water to make 1114 557 50% an aqueous solution at a concentration of ~10%, pH was adjusted to 11.3, ACN was charged, and the mixture was batch crystallised following standard lab procedures. 1C Mesotrione was placed in water to make 1114 50 96% an aqueous solution at a concentration of ~10%, pH was adjusted to >13, ACN was charged, and the mixture was batch crystallised following standard lab procedures. 1D Mesotrione was placed in water to make 690 150 78% an aqueous solution at a concentration of ~10%, pH was adjusted to 11.3, ACN was charged, and the mixture was batch crystallised following standard lab procedures. 1E Mesotrione was placed in water to make 690 170 75% an aqueous solution at a concentration of ~10%, pH was adjusted to 12-13, ACN was charged, and the mixture was batch crystallised following standard lab procedures.
[0024]EXAMPLE 2
[0025]Mesotrione was crystallised from samples taken from the plant during the solvent distillation. Samples were taken from the same batch after both 4500 lbs steam (distillation not finished) and 5000 lbs steam (distillation finished) had been used during the distillation process. The pH of the sample was adjusted and the samples were crystallised via standard lab procedures. Total CN content was measured by titration of the wet paste. The results are given in Table 2.
[0026]TABLE 2 Example Distillation Starting pH of Total CN of wet No. Complete? crystallisation paste (PPM) 2A No 9.5 278 2B Yes 9.5 651 2C No 11.1 120 2D Yes 11.1 26 2E No 12.8 121 2F Yes 12.8 20
[0027]EXAMPLE 3
[0028]Mesotrione was crystallised from samples taken from the plant during the solvent distillation. The effects of varying the starting pH of the crystallisation and purging the headspace of the crystallisation vessel with nitrogen were looked at. Samples were taken from the same batch after both 4500 lbs steam (distillation not finished) and 5045 lbs steam (distillation finished) has been used during the distillation. The pH of the sample was adjusted and the samples were crystallised via standard lab procedures. Total CN was measured by titration of the wet paste or filtrate. The results are shown in table 3.
[0029]TABLE 3 Starting Total CN % reduction Distil- pH of content of in cyanide Example lation crystalli- N 2 wet paste content from No. Complete sation purge? (PPM) control 3A No 5.2 No 311 Control 3B Yes 5.2 No 236 Control 3C No 9.5 No 91 70 3D Yes 9.5 No 63 74 3E No 11.0 No 20 94 3F Yes 11.0 No 50 79 3G No 13 No 15 95 3H Yes 13 No 56 76 3I No 5.2 Yes 294 Control 3J No 11.0 Yes 46 85 3K No 11.3 Yes 15 95
[0030]EXAMPLE 4
[0031]This example looks at the cyanide content of mesotrione crystallised from different feed pH in a continuous crystallisation. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0032]TABLE 4 pH of feed % Reduction in to Total CN Cyanide Content Sample crystalliser (ppm) from Control 7 th (final) sample from 5.0 217 Control crystalliser 7 th (final) sample from 5.0 181 Control crystalliser 7 th (final) sample from 11 15 92-93 crystalliser Final sample from crystalliser 11 15 92-93 Final sample from crystalliser 11 15 92-93 Final sample from crystalliser 9.5 15 92-93
[0033]EXAMPLE 5
[0034]Mesotrione was produced from the acid chloride by a standard condensation/rearrangement reaction. After the condensation/rearrangement reaction, water was added and the pH was adjusted to >11 and held for ½ hour. The pH was then adjusted to ˜5, the mixture distilled and then batch crystallised from either pH 5 or 9.5. The results are shown in Table 5.
[0035]TABLE 5 pH held at after condensation/ Total CN in Example rearrangement Starting pH of mesotrione No. reaction crystallisation (ppm) 5A 11.9 5.0 15 5B 11.3 9.5 40
[0036]EXAMPLE 6
[0037]A large sample of mesotrione was obtained at the end of the distillation. This sample was divided into aliquots which were adjusted to a pH >11. A series of batch samples were made up and held agitated at the given pH for the amount of time specified in the table before being quickly adjusted to pH 2.4, filtered, washed and submitted for total cyanide analysis. The results are shown in Table 6.
[0038]TABLE 6 Example Time kept at Total CN of No. Starting pH starting pH (min) mesotrione (ppm) 6A 11.6 0 111 6B 11.3 5 76 6C 11.5 10 72 6D 11.6 15 73 6E 11.5 20 55 6F 11.5 25 72 6G 11.4 30 76 6H 11.7 60 15 6I 12.3 90 15
