The substantia nigra (SN) is located in the midbrain and consists of the pars compacta, which is the main source of dopamine in the striatum, and the pars reticularis, which is a key output zone of the basal ganglia. This structure plays an important role in the regulation of human neuropsychiatric processes, and individual differences in receptor levels are associated with unique personality traits. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with a pathological process leading to the loss of neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to dopamine deficiency and the onset of motor symptoms. The aims of the present work were to produce a 3D visualization and to use scanning capillary microscopy to study the morphological features of substantia nigra tissue sections from a donor without neurological pathology and a patient with Parkinson’s disease.

The article shows that the treckresan BAA derivative triastin can be recocorrected for the immunocorrection of women of the menopause with a diagnosis of breast cancer under the control of determining the concentration of serum iron- containing indicator proteins (lactoferrin and ferritin). Results from a study of lactoferrin and ferritin levels in menopausal women diagnosed with breast cancer when triastine was prescribed are shown. It was found that in the main group, the use of triastine in addition to the main course of treatment caused an earlier (by 7-10 days) concentration of LF — from 401,22±27,58 до 4089,32±119,04 ng/ml and F — from 29,1±1,5 ng/ml до 494,30±13,6 ng/ml, compared with the control group — 1295,37±28,61 ng/ml и 288,59±15,5 ng/ml, respectively.

It was revealed that under the influence of the dietary supplement triastin, which includes trekrezan — tris-(2- hydroxyethyl)-ammonium-o-cresoxy-acetate andvarious additional components, prevents the consequences of excessive physicaloverload of the girls’ body in conditions of sports training. A comparative analysis of theeffects of dietary supplements showed that after the completion of courses of taking bothtrekrezan (analogue) and triastine, such indicators as MIC, Astrand Index, MET, DP SAO W 3 min VEM, BP recovery time, time of VEM, characterizing — stenting to physical activity, undergo statistically significant changes. The analysis of adaptive rearrangements under the influence of the biologically active additives studied by usallows us to substantiate a more effective system of complex influence in order to improvethe adaptation processes. The data obtained allow us to formulate a number of tasks forconducting systematic studies of the effects of triastine and similar dietary supplements.

142 male patients, aged 35 to 50 years, with diastolic blood pressure levels ranging from 90 to 104 mmHg were examined. All patients received basic therapy with enalapril 10 mg per day. Obese patients with hypertension and patients suffering only from hypertension, in addition to basic therapy, received trecrezan at a dose of 600 mg/day for 21 days, 2 courses for 6 months. Trecrezan improved lipid metabolism and cardiac hemodynamic parameters.

Scanning probe microscopy has made a great leap forward over the past 30 years, and provides not only 3D visualization of objects on a nanometer scale, but also measurement of the morphological characteristics of biological objects, detection of objects at low concentrations in liquids, and evaluation of the mechanical properties of cells. This report addresses the use of advances in atomic force and capillary microscopy for medical and pharmacological purposes in relation to observations of blood cells.

It is established that in the main group trekrezan application in addition to basic chemotherapy, caused earlier (for 7-10 days) increase in concentration of LF — from 396.32±24.82 to 4069.32±114.06 ng/ml and F — from 26.2±1.8 ng/ml to 439.47±16.3 ng/ml, in comparison with group of control — 1335.41±39.71 ng/ml and 279.47±14.3 ng/ml, respectively. At the same time, classical clinical effectiveness indicators (concentration of total protein, urea, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes and blood lymphocytes) were normalized in the main group of patients.

Advances in scanning capillary microscopy (SCM) in studies of living objects have generated interest in this technique: over its 30 years of existence, more than 300 articles and numerous reviews describing the development of SCM have been published. The growth of dendrites and axons and the dynamics of actin in living cells have been visualized, changes in the volumes of nerve cells during migration have been measured, changes in the structure of the cell membrane during endocytosis of nanoparticles have been studied, the topography and stiffness of living fibroblasts have been assessed, and more. The uniqueness of the method lies not only in its provision of contactless three-dimensional visualization of living cells in their natural environment with nanometer spatial resolution, but also in the opportunity of using capillaries as sensors for reactive oxygen species, various neurotransmitters, and growth factors, as well as for assessing concentrations, etc., which opens up opportunities for addressing a variety of tasks in biomedicine.

The experiments revealed a decrease in the toxic effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs when taking drugs after eating. The introduction of ethambutol before meals reduced its toxicity and increased the life expectancy of rats when ethambutol was administered in combination with isoniazid. With the introduction of anti-tuberculosis drugs after a meal in well-fed rats, an increase in the average life expectancy was revealed only with the introduction of ethambutol and combined anti-TB drugs.

The article contains the results of experimental toxicological studies of a biochemical nature, which make it possible to give additional justification for the use of ademetionine in accompanying therapy in order to prevent toxic liver damage when anti-tuberculosis drugs are prescribed.

The effect of the biologically active additive «Astragerm» on the activity of PGC-1-alpha was studied. The activating effect of astragerm on the expression of PGC-1-alpha in the «in vivo» system in rat muscle tissues was shown. Methods for quantitative assessment of mitochondria in tissues and analysis of the expression of genes included in the cascades of regulatory processes of energy metabolism were applied. Coordinated stimulation of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase gene expression, its non-canonical activity in the synthesis of the second messenger Ap3A, and expression of the PGC-1 alpha gene in «in vivo» systems under the action of astragerm was found, which indicates the unity of the mechanisms of energy regulation with the functions of protein synthesis and nonspecific immunity.

The review article systematizes literature data on the possibilities of treatment with the help of representatives of a new class of chemical compounds — protatranes, liver lesions. It has been shown that the regenerative properties of the liver can be stimulated by silatranes — organosilicon esters of triethanolamine having a pentacoordinated structure, and trekrezan — the precursor of the entire class of protatranes. It has been shown that the use of protatranes for the correction of liver lesions stimulates the mitotic activity of hepatocytes, thus exerting a hepatoprotective effect.

New factors contributing to the processes of hormesis involving the peroxisome activator receptor coactivator 1 alpha gene (PGC-1α) and linking the mechanisms of energy regulation with the functions of protein synthesis were studied. Coordinated stimulation of the expression of the tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase gene, its activity in the synthesis of the tertiary messenger aP3A and the expression of the PGC-1α gene in in vivo and in vitro systems, under the action of the immunostimulating and adaptogenic drug Trekrezan, was shown. It has been suggested that PGC—1α is a promising target for the therapeutic effect of drugs stimulating gene activity.

The data showing on an example only of one scientific school potential of a domestic chemic-pharmaceutical science are resulted. It is marked. Presence of two mainstreams — creation of original domestic preparations and food additives, and also development of medicines-generics taking place in Irkutsk institute of chemistry of the Russian Academy of Science. Affirms, that development of these most perspective directions keeps on enthusiasm devoted to the business and school experts of the highest class. It is recommended to integrate efforts of all experts within the limits of RAS.

Scanning probe microscopy is used to study the effect of cytotoxic agents on the biomechanical and physicochemical properties of tumor cells and tissues. The possibility of using quantitative data of atomic force and capillary microscopy in assessing the morphological characteristics of cells during carcinogenesis is considered. The prospects of using morphometric analysis in biomedicine, biomechanics, regenerative medicine, and drug testing are described. The roughness of the control sample of HeLa human cervical cancer cells in terms of the average (Ra) and root-mean-square values (Rq) was 35 ± 5/48 ± 6 nm upon subtraction of a spline and 33 ± 5/45 ± 6 nm upon subtraction of a parabola, respectively. The roughness remains almost the same under the impact of cisplatin whereas nocodazole significantly increases the roughness to 51 ± 5/68 ± 6 nm and 56 ± 6/72 ± 7 nm, respectively.

A system of wearable analyzers for simultaneous monitoring of blood microcirculation and oxidative metabolism in the tissue microcirculation system in several areas of the human body has been developed. Each wearable analyzer implements the diagnostic methods of laser Doppler flowmetry (monitoring of blood microcirculation) and fluorescence spectroscopy (measurement of fluorescence of coenzyme biomarkers of oxidative metabolism). A distributed system of several wearable devices provides detection of systemic disorders of the physiological state of human skin.

Surveyed men aged 30 to 50 years. All patients received basic therapy with Enalapril 10 mg per day. Patients with AH, in addition to basic therapy, received Trekrezan in a dose of 300 mg / day for 21 days of the 2nd course for 6 months. The parameters of cardiac hemodynamics and psychophysiological state of patients with hypertension improved under the influence of Trekrezan.

28 young men aged 18 to 21 were examined. Main group received Trekrezan in a doze of 600 mg/day within 3 months. Trekrezan improved exchange parameters intimate hemodynamic and mental state with hypernension.

A device for simultaneous monitoring of blood and lymph microcirculation and oxidative metabolism in the tissue microcirculation system has been developed. The device implements the diagnostic methods of laser Doppler flowmetry (monitoring of blood and lymph microcirculation) and fluorescence spectroscopy (measurement of fluorescence of coenzyme biomarkers of oxidative metabolism). The device includes a unit for functional temperature tests of tissue adaptation used to assess the energetics of metabolism.

The review systematizes data on the main properties and effects of immunomodulators registered in Russia, including interferons, recommended for the treatment and prevention of coronavirus infection. Information on the recommended methods of treating patients with coronavirus is presented.

The article presents experimental data on the possibility of using solutions of protatran 4-chloro- 2-methylphenoxyacetate (chlorcrezacin) as a stimulator of both static and dynamic performance of striated muscles. A new property of the protatran representative has been revealed, which opens up new prospects for its use. The analysis of publication activity based on the results of research on this problem in the Scopus bibliometric database is carried out.