As an integral component of China's rapid economic growth, the environmental externalities of foreign investment warrant rigorous assessment. Using Panel data from Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2002 to 2022, this study examined the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on urban pollution through the lens of its sectoral composition. Our results indicated that a higher proportion of FDI in the secondary sector significantly intensified urban pollution. This effect was particularly pronounced in western regions, cities with weaker environmental regulations and non-tourism-oriented cities. Mechanism analysis revealed that in the competition for FDI, local governments often lower environmental standards, which amplified the negative externalities of this sectoral bias and reinforced the "pollution haven" effect. Furthermore, a threshold regression analysis demonstrated that as inter-jurisdictional competition intensified, the adverse environmental impacts of secondary-sector FDI escalated in a stepwise manner. This study offers a structuralist explanation for the "pollution paradox" and provides actionable policy insights. Specifically, we advocate for a structural transformation of FDI, reformed performance evaluations for governments, and adapted environmental regulatory frameworks. These measures can help break the "race to the bottom" dynamic and achieve a balance between FDI quality and sustainable development.

The rapid-developed scale of China’s trade in wood forest products has undergone a considerable uptick. Concomitant with the evolution of high-quality development paradigms, product quality within trade frameworks has gained escalating scrutiny. Based on the statistical analysis of the export characteristics of China’s wood forest products, this study leverages BACI data spanning from 1998 to 2017. Utilizing regression-based inverse methods, the study quantifies the quality attributes of these export products, dissects fluctuations in quality, and places particular emphasis on the markets within “Belt and Road Initiative” economies to elucidate dynamic trends and spatial distribution characteristics of export quality in this geoeconomic domain. Based on this, the fixed effect model, random effect model, and system GMM are used to empirically examine the influencing factors of China’s wood forest product export quality. This study found that wood-based panel products have the highest quality, followed by paper products and wood furniture among the three major categories of wood forest products. Besides, the overall quality levels of the three products exported to countries participating in the Belt and Road initiative haven’t significantly changed, while notable changes are evident across divergent export destination markets. In addition, an empirical study on the influencing factors of the export product quality of wood forest products is conducted, which indicates that total factor productivity, R&D investment, capital intensity, labor costs, and foreign direct investment are influencing factors. Finally, based on the research conclusions, suggestions are provided on how to improve the export quality of wood forest products.

西方经济学是基于资本主义世界发展而总结出的市场与社会运转规律."西方经济学"课程思政教育在客观上面临着一定困难.只有对课程的教学内容和教学方法进行相应变革,以课程思政教育理念为指导,将思想政治教育融入专业课程教学全过程,才能实现全程、全方位育人.融入思想政治教育的"西方经济学"课程,既要传授专业知识技能,更要传输正确的世界观、价值观和人生观."西方经济学"课程教学内容偏重于高度数学化的理论模型推导,缺少人文元素,尤其是缺少对学生价值观引导的内容.为此,设计了"西方经济学"课程思政方案,通过从经济思想史中提炼思政元素、从教学内容发掘思政元素、在教学方法中植入思政元素、在考核方式中体现思政元素4种具体途径,在传道授业解惑的同时培养家国情怀,使学生自觉传承中华优秀传统文化、革命文化、社会主义先进文化,从而实现思政教育与专业知识教育有机结合.实践证明,在"西方经济学"课程教学中融入思政元素,既有利于增强学生的学习探知欲,也有助于提升学生的思想政治素养.

Open and sustainable development is the theme that underpins a country's high-quality economic development. This study uses GMM regression, mediation effect test to conduct empirical tests based on the panel data of China's industrial sectors from 2003 to 2015 to analyze the internal mechanism of the impact of intermediate product imports on China's industrial pollution emissions. The results show that (1) Intermediate product imports can significantly promote the emission reduction of industrial wastes, including wastewater, waste gas and solid waste. (2) Considering the differences in the level of pollution intensity, this paper classified the sample and found the impact is heterogeneous that for the heavily, moderately, lightly polluted industries, intermediate product imports have different negative impacts on their pollution emissions. (3) Intermediate products imports reduce industrial pollution emissions through import competition effect, variety effect and technology spillover effect, and all of them play a partial mediating role.

China has grown into the largest global manufacturer. However, the quality of China's export products has always been questioned. "Big but not strong" has always been a puzzle for the development of China's trade. China should embark on the road of high-quality development; therefore, high-quality export is worthy of attention. China's high-tech manufacturing enterprises are at the forefront of innovation in core technology patents, bearing the R&D capability and mission to improve the quality of export products. Based on the heterogeneity of enterprises, this paper studied the influence and mechanism of patent quality on export product quality of High-tech manufacturing enterprises in China through the matching of industrial and enterprise customs patent data from 2000 to 2013. The results showed that patent quality had a significantly positive impact on the quality of export products of Chinese manufacturing high-tech enterprises, and government subsidies played a positive role in high-tech enterprises, and patent quality could improve the quality of export products of manufacturing high-tech enterprises by reducing production costs.

As the most important forest product in the export of China, wooden furniture is facing increasingly fierce international competition and has a strong need for quality improvement. Based on the endogenous determination model of quality, this paper measures the quality of Chinese wooden furniture in exports from 1998 to 2017, by using product-level trade data of BACI CEPII. From the perspectives of the overall and sub-category quality, it examines the characteristics of dynamic changes in the product quality and its regional distribution of “the Belt and Road Initiative” countries. The results show that the quality of Chinese wooden furniture in exports is lower than that of wood-based panels and paper products. It remains stable after a slight increase from 2001 to 2005, but the quality level is always low. Among the sub-categories, wooden furniture not for kitchens, offices, or bedrooms has the lowest quality, while wooden office furniture has the highest one. The three dominant sub-categories that account for a high export share are all low in quality, while the small proportion sub-categories are all of higher quality, implying a strong imbalance. In particular, the quality of the main export products, upholstered wooden seats and wooden furniture not for kitchen, office, or bedroom use, has continued to decline, highlighting the plight of the quality growth of Chinese wooden furniture. For the BRI markets, the quality of Chinese wooden furniture exported to the region has declined slightly since 2012. However, different markets have shown different characteristics in the quality level and the direction of change. In terms of quality level, the qualities of wooden furniture exported to Malaysia, Israel, the United Arab Emirates, Vietnam, and the Philippines are relatively high. In terms of changing trends, the qualities of wooden furniture to Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and Israel are showing a rising trend. In this case, accurately identifying the quality of different export categories of furniture products and their changing characteristics can help furniture enterprises make better production and operation decisions, promote the formation of a good business environment, and foster new comparative advantages and international competitiveness.

随着信息技术的发展,现代教育的课堂环境也发生了巨大变化,虚拟仿真课堂成为实现以学生为主体、通过体验来学习的重要载体.以“国际贸易”课程为例,从教学目标、教学内容、实施步骤、成绩评价等方面做出深入分析,提出了运用虚拟仿真实践教学补充传统课堂“教学范式”的思路,主要围绕以下5方面的核心实践内容进行了虚拟仿真操作:①国际贸易合同的商定;②信用证的开立、催证、审证和改证;③备货、预验、报验;④办理货运、出口保险、报关;⑤出口制单结汇及业务善后,从而更大程度激发学生对商业知识的探索求知欲,唤起学生的创新创业意识,提升教学质量.

In contemporary society, economic development not only relies on the traditional factors of production, but on technology and innovation capacity. The internationalization of patents, as an indicator of one country's technology development, has been highly emphasized nowadays. In recent years, China has made achievements and ranked second place in the world with large number of patent applications. In the context of China's falling growth rate of trade in Goods, the trade in science and technology services with high added value and intensive intelligence creates new significant trade growth. This paper examined the effects of the internationalization of patents on the export of China's science and technology services with the data of 36 trade partners from 2005 to 2014 in use of gravity model. The results indicated that the internationalization of patents had a significant positive impact on the trade in science and technology services. Therefore, China should facilitate the internationalization of patents process by encouraging more external patent applicant representatives to enter the industry of science and technology service.

Service sectors are exhibiting increasing importance in domestic economy and service trade attracted more attentions. China and India, as the top emerging economies, are similar in many dimensions, such as population base, social environment, economic policies, and national development strategies. Therefore, their trade in services are comparable. In this paper we used the global service trade data to calculate and compare the technical complexity of service exports between China and India to get some insights for fixing China's problem of export structure and long-term deficit. We selected the data of 34 countries/regions as sample which represented more than 84% of the world's total trade in services from 2005 to 2016, and calculated the technical complexity of China and India's service exports. We established a regression model to discuss the impact factors. The results indicated that the complexity of India's service export technology surpassed China in 2005-2015, and in 2016, China overcame India. The level of economic development and higher education level had a significant positive impact on the complexity of China's service export technology. While the impact of FDI, quality of governance was not significant, the impact of service trade openness and the effect of R&D investment was uncertain.

Based on China’s 11 Free Trade Agreements signed with 19 trade partners, this paper discusses how the environmental protection provisions affect trade liberalization. Firstly, it makes use of Chinese merchandise trade data from 2008 to 2015 to analyze the features of trade between China and 19 trade agreement partners. Then it introduces the population, territory area, the distance between China and the trade partners, income difference, social labor productivity, the infrastructure indicators and the environmental protection regulations as independent variables, which builds the extended gravity model to explore the influence of environmental protection regulations. The results of the empirical analysis show that the greater the intensity of related environmental protection is, the larger promotion of trade liberalization will be. Trade agreement partner’s infrastructure construction has a positive impact; geographical distance has a negative impact. However, the impact of economic difference is not significant.

随着案例教学法的引入,涵盖丰富知识点的教学案例在我国的需求越来越大.但是,我国的实地案例开发起步晚,实地案例数量难以满足实际教学的需求,而且实地案例开发经验仍然不足.目前,世界各国商学院使用的教学案例有80％来自哈佛商学院.哈佛商学院教学案例开发主要具有以下特点:案例开发与科研活动并举,互为促进;案例类型多样,包括实地案例、“图书馆”案例、“空想”案例、科研型案例、多媒体案例等;案例开发采取多种方式;案例研发的经费来源多样化,教师无经济压力;利用庞大的校友会资源支持案例开发.特别是哈佛商学院在实地案例开发方面历史较长,开发经验丰富,模式成熟.哈佛商学院实地案例的开发过程包括:实地案例要点的构思,即提出问题;实地案例信息的搜集,即决策背景的阐释;实地案例的编写,包括实地案例的教案和附录等内容;实地案例信息披露规则的落实,即编写之前达成信息披露协议、编写过程中对敏感信息进行必要的伪装等.这都对我国商务实地案例的开发具有重要的借鉴意义.因此,针对我国商务实地案例开发知识基础与平台较为完备、案例主体丰富但决策型案例比重偏低的实际情况,我国高校应积极鼓励校企合作开发商务实地案例,并对教师加强相应的培训;应组织企业人员观摩实地案例教学课堂,以提高重视度;应引导教师自主进行实地案例开发,以丰富职业生涯;应指导教师将实地案例开发与科研工作结合起来.

The world had seen a good trend of goods and service trade in recent years. However, trade frictions came up frequently, and especially occurred between some giant economies. This brought up uncertainty to relationship of nations and would hinder the global trade and productions. In this paper, we first reviewed the cause and influence of trade friction. And we discussed trends in trade friction in ten years and further examined the trade friction between the United States and China. In conclusion, we proposed several strategies for China to cope with sustainable trade conflicts as a top country of goods exports.

世界经济发展过程中的一个典型现象就是大宗商品市场价格波动频繁且难以预测,大宗商品价格整体变动反映出全球经济格局的调整趋势.实体经济供求状况是影响全球大宗商品价格的长期因素.主要供应国、消费国战略及政策调整也影响大宗商品市场波动.尤其是全球金融市场与大宗商品市场关联度日益提高,对其价格波动的影响渠道日趋复杂.

本文通过整合国家财富、贸易影响力、金融与货币影响力、跨国公司影响力、战略性资源控制、技术创新能力和世界经济组织影响力七个子项指标,构建起全球经济影响力综合指数,该指数涵盖了一国经贸、资源、金融等方面,能够较为清晰地反映出各国在全球经济领域的影响力状况.本文利用该指数评估发现,美国、中国、日本、德国和印度是全球经济影响力最强的前五大国家.由于我国资本项目以及金融服务部门尚未完全开放,金融市场的竞争效率还有待提高,金融与货币、跨国公司和全球经济影响有待提升.

美国自贸区不仅数量多且发展较为成熟因而受到各国关注,其分布范围不仅仅局限于沿海港口,也覆盖了内陆各州.其发展模式和自贸区管理体制,以及相关优惠政策的实施是内陆各州自贸区得以成功的必要条件,并对内陆地区的经济贸易发展做出了较大的贡献.我国广大的中西部地区绝大多数是内陆地区,如何在新一轮高水平的对外开放中走出一条不同于东部沿海地区的内陆自贸区之路,美国内陆自贸区的发展及监管模式值得研究和借鉴.

This paper discusses the dynamic evolution characteristics of the dual margins of China's Manufacturing export growth. It constructs the industry-level decomposition framework and uses China's manufacturing industry HS8-digit exports data for 2000-2006 to calculate the extensive and intensive margins of 27 manufacturing industries towards 215 export markets. Based on the use of kernel density estimation method, it studies the distribution evolution of the extensive margin, intensive margin and export share of China's manufacturing industry, revealing the major factor for China's export growth in industry level.

There have been considerable discussions and researches on the trade of forest products, while attentions over forestry service trade are scarcer. With the rapid development of modern forestry, the value of forestry service begins to be recognized. Forestry service could not only give a boost to the trade of forest goods, but also help explore new market, set up new channels of finance, and fulfill the national target on green growth. This paper started from the discussion on the definition of service sectors of forestry and made further talks over the definition and classification of forestry service trade. This would contribute to the advanced research in this area.

在服务创新领域，欧盟最早构建了以服务市场一体化、保护服务企业知识产权、改善服务企业“知识库”和培育“创新友好型”服务需求为支点的服务创新政策框架，近年来又在挖掘服务创新政策依据、关注制造业服务创新、鼓励“需求端”创新政策以及研究利用产业集群促进服务创新等方面，推动政策调整和完善。与之相比，中国的服务创新政策比较落后，在经济结构转型升级以及后工业化社会来临的背景下，中国应当借鉴欧盟的经验，尽快构建符合自身发展阶段的服务创新政策体系。

翻转课堂教学模式能够有效地提高学生的学习积极性与学习效果,因而得到教育人士的广泛关注.将该教学模式应用于社科类课程教学中仍然存在着若干问题与难点,包括在社科类课程中的应用与研究相对匮乏、学习自主性差别导致的前置教学激励问题、教学学时分配与学分计算的复杂性、学习效果检验模式需要更高的创新性,等等.以“国际商务谈判与礼仪”课程为例,探讨了该课程的特点以及使用翻转课堂教学模式的可行性,进一步对教学方案进行了总体的设计,试行了该教学模式并采集了学生学习效果的相关反馈信息.