Background In recent years, neuroimaging has emerged as a pivotal tool for investigating neurological and psychiatric disorders. Although numerous studies have demonstrated the diagnostic value of imaging in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), there remains a scarcity of comprehensive review articles that consolidate this expanding field. This study aims to address that gap by employing bibliometric analysis to outline current research trends and predict future directions.Methods A total of 4794 publications issued between 2015 and 2024 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Using CiteSpace, we conducted quantitative analyses of publications, authors, institutions, journals, countries, keywords, citations, and references. The results were visualized via network maps.Results The analysis included 4794 publications contributed by 631 authors from 430 institutions across 81 countries. China and the USA were the most productive countries, followed by Germany. University College London was the most prolific institution and served as a key hub in inter-institutional collaborations. Phil Hyu Lee was identified as the leading author, and Movement Disorders was the most influential journal, while Parkinsonism & Related Disorders published the highest number of articles within the dataset.Conclusion Current research is increasingly focused on leveraging imaging techniques to detect early pathological changes in PD, such as dopaminergic neuron loss, abnormal protein deposition, and altered brain connectivity. These efforts aim to identify accurate diagnostic biomarkers and elucidate underlying disease mechanisms. This bibliometric analysis offers a comprehensive overview of the applications of neuroimaging in PD research over the past decade and may help inform future studies and foster international collaboration efforts.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)technology in tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease(TD-PD).Methods Prospectively included TD-PD patients diagnosed in the Department of Neurology in the Yibin Second People's Hospital from December 2019 to March 2023,along with healthy volunteers as the control group.3D-T1WI and DTI sequences were scanned for both the TD-PD group and the control group.The FSL software was utilized to calculate whole-brain white matter fractional anisotropy(FA),mean diffusivity(MD),axial diffusivity(AD),and radial diffusivity(RD).Group differences in whole-brain white matter FA,MD,AD,and RD were compared using the voxel-based analysis(VBA)method.Furthermore,the correlations between DTI parameters in the TD-PD group and Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA),Hoehn-Yahr staging,and Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(MDS-UPDRS)scores were analyzed.Results A total of 50 subjects were included,comprising 31 cases in the case group and 19 controls in the control group.Compared with the control group,patients in the TD-PD group exhibited decreased FA in the corpus callosum body(voxel-wise P<0.001,uncorrected,cluster-wise P<0.05,FWE-corrected),while MD,AD,and RD increased in the leftanterior cerebellar lobe,and MD and AD increased in the right frontal lobe(voxel-level P<0.001,cluster-level P<0.05,uncorrected).Correlation analysis revealed a positive association between MD in the left anterior cerebellar lobe and Hoehn-Yahr staging(r=0.417,P=0.020).Conclusion TD-PD patients have more extensive cerebral white matter microstructural changes,in which corpus callosum degeneration may be the pathophysiological basis of TD-PD.The structural changes in the leftcerebellar anterior lobe may contribute to the development of tremor symptoms in PD patients.

Background There is a need for more studies to validate the role of gut microbiota in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective This study aims to explore the causal association between new gut microbiota and AD using Mendelian randomization. Methods Using genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 473 gut microbiota species and AD in IEU Open GWAS database, independent genetic loci related to gut microbiota were extracted as instrumental variables. The inverse variance weighting method was employed as the main indicator for evaluation. The stability and reliability of the results were further verified by heterogeneity test, outlier detection, horizontal pleiotropy test and leave-one-out analysis. Results Following a thorough screening process, a total of 14 intestinal microbiota were included in the final analyses. The elevated abundance of Agathobacter, Citrobacter A, Clostridium E sporosphaeroides, Eubacterium R, Megamonas funiformis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa can reduce the risk of AD. Higher abundance of Bifidobacterium, Holdemania massiliensis, Hydrogenophaga, Intestinimonas massiliensis, Megasphaera, Paenibacillus J, Prevotella, and Raoultella could increase the risk of AD. The MR-Egger analyses at 14 "genus" levels showed no horizontal pleiotropy and the p values were all more than 0.05. The leave-one-out analysis showed that results were relatively stable. Conclusions This study revealed a causal relationship between 14 specific gut microbiota and the risk of AD occurrence. Some bacteria are protective, while others increase the risk of AD. These findings are of clinical significance for the treatment and prevention strategies in clinical practice, and it also provides new perspectives for related research on the "gut-brain axis".

BACKGROUND:To assess the effect of scan time after contrast injection on breast MRI DWI sequence ADC values and its role in lesion differentiation. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Between 2022 and 2023, two hundred and fifty-one breast magnetic resonance (MR) images were collected from 251 patients, who had a total of 258 lesions. Pathology results obtained within 1 month of the MR imaging were utilized. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured at 3 time-points: precontrast, 3 minutes postcontrast, and 6 minutes postcontrast. For the analysis, statistical methods including the Friedman test, linear mixed models, Bonferroni correction, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and DeLong test were applied. RESULTS:Contrast agents cause ADC values to decrease within 3 minutes after injection and recover within 6 minutes (e.g., invasive ductal carcinoma). ADC can distinguish between benign tumors and cancers but not between carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma. Time-dependent changes do not affect the differentiation of benign from malignant lesions. CONCLUSION:Contrast injection time has little effect on the effectiveness of ADC in differentiating benign from malignant lesions on DWI sequences. The findings support the feasibility of postcontrast DWI without compromising diagnostic accuracy.

OBJECTIVES:This study investigates whether the use of ultrafast DCE-MRI immediately after contrast injection is an alternative to conventional DCE-MRI for diagnosing benign and malignant breast lesions. METHODS:A total of 86 female patients were included in this prospective study. Each patient underwent both ultrafast DCE-MRI and conventional DCE-MRI before surgery. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze whether there were significant differences in DCE-MRI parameters between benign and malignant breast lesions (p < 0.05) for both conventional and ultrafast methods. The AUC value of the ROC curve was used to assess the diagnostic performance for each parameter and to determine their critical values, sensitivity, and specificity using the maximum Youden index. Delong test and support vector machine (SVM) were also used to evaluate the performance of conventional DCE-MRI and ultrafast DCE-MRI in identifying benign and malignant breast lesions. RESULTS:A total of 99 lesion areas (21 benign and 78 malignant lesions) were found in the 86 patients. Conventional DCE-MRI has only two semiquantitative parameters that can identify benign and malignant (Wash-out and SER, p < 0.05), whereas ultrafast DCE-MRI is the one that can identify benign and malignant for all semiquantitative parameters except clearance, and there are more semiquantitative parameters that can be used to identify benign and malignant by ultrafast DCE-MRI than by conventional DCE-MRI. The ultrafast DCE-MRI parameters (AUC=0.8626) had a greater AUC than the conventional DCE-MRI parameters (AUC=0.7552) for distinguishing between benign and malignant breast lesions. CONCLUSIONS:Ultrafast DCE-MRI is effective in identifying benign and malignant breast lesions at the early stage of contrast injection; therefore, it is feasible to use Ultrafast DCE-MRI instead of conventional DCE-MRI to diagnose benign and malignant breast tumor lesions. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE:We evaluated ultrafast DCE-MRI's quantitative parameters in distinguishing benign from malignant breast lesions. SVM was used to assess the performance of conventional and ultrafast DCE-MRI in breast malignancy discrimination.

Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) tends to emerge during adolescence; however, neurobiological research in adolescents has lagged behind that in adults. This study aimed to characterize gray matter (GM) structural alterations in adolescents with MDD using comprehensive morphological analyses. Methods This study included 93 adolescent MDD patients and 77 healthy controls. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM), deformation-based morphometry (DBM), and surface-based morphometry (SBM) methods were used to analyze GM morphological alterations in adolescent MDD patients. Sex-by-group and age-by-group interactions, as well as the relationships between altered GM structure and clinical characteristics were also analyzed. Results Whole-brain VBM and DBM analyses revealed GM atrophy in the left thalamus and bilateral midbrain in adolescent MDD patients. Whole-brain SBM analysis revealed that adolescent MDD patients, relative to controls, showed decreased thickness in the left postcentral gyrus and left precentral gyrus; increased thickness in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus, left parahippocampal gyrus and right lateral orbitofrontal gyrus; and decreased fractal dimension in the right lateral occipital gyrus. A significant sex-by-group interaction effect was found in the fractal dimension of the left lateral occipital gyrus. The volume of the left thalamus and the thickness of the left superior temporal gyrus were correlated with the duration of disease in adolescent MDD patients. Conclusions This study suggested that adolescent MDD had GM morphological abnormalities in the frontal-limbic, subcortical, perceptual network and midbrain regions, with some morphological abnormalities associated with disease duration and sex differences. These findings provide new insight into the neuroanatomical substrates underlying adolescent MDD.

Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) represents a leading contributor to the global disease burden, characterized by pronounced sex differences in prevalence and symptom expression. The amygdala, as a critical node within the brain's affective circuitry, has been implicated in MDD pathophysiology. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying sex-specific vulnerability and clinical heterogeneity in MDD remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate sex-stratified alterations in amygdala functional connectivity (FC) using both static and dynamic connectivity frameworks in medication-naïve MDD patients. Methods We employed seed-based FC analyses anchored in the amygdala to examine static FC (sFC) and dynamic FC (dFC) in 61 age- and sex-matched MDD patients and 61 healthy controls (HCs). Results Significant sex-by-diagnosis interactions were identified in amygdala-striatal circuitry connectivity. Female MDD patients exhibited aberrant dFC patterns involving the visual network and sensorimotor network, characterized by heightened dynamic coupling compared to male patients. Conversely, reduced dFC was observed between the right amygdala and right superior cerebellum in female MDD patients relative to male counterparts. Notably, static and dynamic FC demonstrated divergent directional effects within the same sex, suggesting dissociable neurobiological mechanisms across temporal scales. Limitation The cross-sectional design and relatively small sample size may limit the generalizability of findings. Conclusions These findings elucidate sex-differentiated amygdala connectivity phenotypes in MDD, highlighting sexually dimorphic neurocircuitry mechanisms that may underlie differential disease manifestation. These data advance our understanding of MDD's neurobiological substrates and may inform the development of sex-specific diagnostic criteria and personalized treatment strategies.

Rationale: The normal structure and Doppler parameters of the umbilical cord are closely related to many diseases, including fetal infection, chromosomal abnormalities, hypoxia, and growth and development restrictions. We report a case of bilateral umbilical artery confluence resulting in the formation of a single umbilical artery in the free segment of the fetal umbilical cord, diagnosed at 24 weeks and 4 days gestation. The fetus was born prematurely after premature membrane rupture at 31 weeks and 3 days gestation. The Toxoplasma, Others, Rubellavirus, Cytomegalovirus, Herpesvirus test showed positive results for Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, and herpes simplex virus IgG antibodies. Patient concerns: A 36-year-old woman had vaginal discharge for > 1 hour at 31 weeks + 3 days gestation and came to our obstetrics department for treatment. Diagnosis: The pregnant woman sought treatment due to premature membrane rupture and vaginal discharge for > 1 hour. The vaginal discharge was caused by Escherichia coli. After cesarean section, the Toxoplasma, Others, Rubellavirus, Cytomegalovirus, Herpesvirus test revealed positive results for the following: T gondii, rubella virus, and herpes simplex virus IgG antibodies. The patient underwent 2 ultrasound examinations and was diagnosed with umbilical artery malformation (the free segment of the umbilical cord on the fetal side converged into a single umbilical artery), which may have been related to fetal infection. Interventions: The patient received anti-inflammatory and fetal lung maturation treatment for 2 days before undergoing a cesarean section. Outcomes: The mother and newborn received anti-inflammatory, symptomatic, and supportive treatment and were discharged after 1 week of improvement. After 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year of follow-up after birth, the growth and development of the infant (height and weight) were significantly lower than those of her peers, and her responses to sound and light were slightly delayed. Lessons: Umbilical artery malformation is extremely rare and may be related to intrauterine parasitic and viral infections. Ultrasound has the advantages of being noninvasive and cost-effective and can be used to dynamically observe umbilical artery structure. An abnormal change in umbilical artery structure found during ultrasound examination can indicate intrauterine infection risk, which provides clinical guidance for further examination of pregnant women, early diagnosis, timely targeted treatment, and fetal prognosis improvement.

BACKGROUND:Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is an infrequent spindle cell tumor derived from mesenchymal tissue, which can manifest in diverse anatomical locations, primarily in the pleural cavity and infrequently in the central nervous system. SFT is predominantly observed in individuals aged between 40 and 50 years old, with a slightly higher occurrence in males than in females.OBSERVATIONS:This case report describes a female, age 15, who had migraines for 2 months prior to the diagnosis of an intracranial tumor. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass located in the right parietooccipital region with surrounding edema and a compressed right lateral ventricle. Neurosurgery was utilized to successfully remove the mass, and single intracranial fibrous tumor (grade I) was identified by postoperative pathological analysis. During an 8-month follow-up period, the patient did not experience any recurrences.LESSONS:SFT is often misdiagnosed as meningioma because of their similar imaging characteristics. However, identifying the distinctive features of SFT on magnetic resonance imaging can distinguish it from meningioma and help to select appropriate treatment. The complete preoperative imaging data for this case indicated a highly vascularized tumor. Preoperative vascular embolization treatment reduced any difficulties during the subsequent tumor resection and minimized intraoperative bleeding.

The aim of this study was to investigate brain structure and corresponding static and dynamic functional connectivity (sFC & dFC) abnormalities in untreated, first-episode pediatric idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), with the goal of better understanding the underlying pathological mechanisms of IGE. Thirty-one children with IGE and 31 age-matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data were acquired, and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis were performed to reveal abnormal gray matter volume (GMV). Moreover, sFC and dFC analyses were conducted using the brain areas exhibiting abnormal GMV as seed regions to explore abnormal functional couplings. Compared to HC, the IGE group exhibited increased GMV in left middle cingulate cortex (MCC) and right parahippocampus (ParaHipp). In addition, the analyses of dFC and sFC with MCC and ParaHipp as seeds revealed more extensive functional connectivity (FC) changes in dFC. Notably, the structurally and functionally abnormal brain areas were primarily localized in the default mode network (DMN). However, our study did not find any significant associations between these altered neuroimaging measurements and clinical outcomes. This study uncovered microstructural changes as well as corresponding sFC and dFC changes in patients with new-onset, untreated pediatric IGE. The affected brain regions were primarily located within the DMN, highlighting the DMN's crucial role in the development of pediatric IGE.

Major depressive disorder demonstrated sex differences in prevalence and symptoms, which were more pronounced during adolescence. Yet, research on sex-specific brain network characteristics in adolescent-onset major depressive disorder remains limited. This study investigated sex-specific and nonspecific alterations in resting-state functional connectivity of three core networks (frontoparietal network, salience network, and default mode network) and subcortical networks in adolescent-onset major depressive disorder, using seed-based resting-state functional connectivity in 50 medication-free patients with adolescent-onset major depressive disorder and 56 healthy controls. Irrespective of sex, compared with healthy controls, adolescent-onset major depressive disorder patients showed hypoconnectivity between bilateral hippocampus and right superior temporal gyrus (default mode network). More importantly, we further found that females with adolescent-onset major depressive disorder exhibited hypoconnectivity within the default mode network (medial prefrontal cortex), and between the subcortical regions (i.e. amygdala, striatum, and thalamus) with the default mode network (angular gyrus and posterior cingulate cortex) and the frontoparietal network (dorsal prefrontal cortex), while the opposite patterns of resting-state functional connectivity alterations were observed in males with adolescent-onset major depressive disorder, relative to their sex-matched healthy controls. Moreover, several sex-specific resting-state functional connectivity changes were correlated with age of onset, sleep disturbance, and anxiety in adolescent-onset major depressive disorder with different sex. These findings suggested that these sex-specific resting-state functional connectivity alterations may reflect the differences in brain development or processes related to early illness onset, underscoring the necessity for sex-tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in adolescent-onset major depressive disorder.

BACKGROUND:Neuroimaging studies have identified brain structural and functional alterations in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD); however, the results are inconsistent, and whether patients exhibit spatially convergent structural and functional brain abnormalities remains unclear. METHODS:We conducted voxel-wise meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and resting-state functional studies, respectively, to identify regional gray matter volume (GMV) and brain activity alterations in adolescent MDD patients. Multimodal analysis was performed to examine the overlap of regional GMV and brain activity alterations. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the potential effects of clinical variables. RESULTS:Ten whole-brain VBM studies (403 patients and 319 controls) and 14 resting-state functional studies (510 patients and 474 controls) were included. Adolescent MDD patients showed conjoint structural and functional alterations in the left medial/dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, lateral temporal cortex and sensorimotor regions, and left insula. Adolescent MDD patients showed structural-specific abnormalities in the subcortical and prefrontal-limbic regions and functional-specific abnormalities in the right insula, right superior occipital gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus and left precuneus. Meta-regression analyses revealed that the mean age of adolescents with MDD was positively associated with GMV in the right superior temporal gyrus and negatively associated with brain activity in the right insula, and the symptom severity of adolescents with MDD was positively associated with brain activity in the right superior occipital gyrus. CONCLUSIONS:This meta-analysis identified complicated patterns of conjoint and dissociated brain alterations in adolescent MDD patients, which may advance our understanding of the neurobiology of adolescent MDD.

BACKGROUND Simultaneous bilateral basal ganglia hemorrhage is an infrequent occurrence in medical literature. The etiology of bilateral basal ganglia intracerebral hemorrhage remains elusive, in contrast to that of unilateral basal ganglia hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage, resulting in lack of consensus among scholars. Importantly, patients with uremia and cerebral hemorrhage, especially patients with large hematoma volumes, exhibit a markedly elevated mortality rate. Patients can benefit from implementation of positive and efficacious therapeutic approaches. CASE REPORT We present a clinical case involving a 42-year-old male patient who was admitted to the hospital in a comatose state. The initial head computed tomography scan revealed the presence of simultaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage; this phenomenon could potentially be attributed to the occurrence of cerebral hemorrhage induced by severe renal hypertension in individuals with uremia. The patient underwent emergency surgical intervention to evacuate the hematoma, followed by continuous blood purification treatment. Ultimately, these interventions have the potential to improve patient outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Incidence of bilateral basal ganglia hemorrhage is exceptionally rare and associated with an unfavorable prognosis, often resulting in mortality among individuals with severe underlying conditions or complications. The hematoma was successfully eliminated through the use of skull resection and neuroendoscopy techniques, resulting in favorable outcomes. The implementation of bedside continuous hemodialysis in patients with uremic cerebral hemorrhage can enhance therapeutic efficacy, thus warranting its recommendation for similar cases. Based on our observations, it is plausible that severe hypertension plays a contributory role in the development of simultaneous bilateral basal ganglia bleeding.

Background: The potential relationship between Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and ferroptosis has received considerable attention, yet there is no comprehensive visualization analysis in this field. This study aimed to explore the research frontiers and hotspots through bibliometric analysis. Methods: Literature related to AD and ferroptosis was collected from the Web of Science Core Collection. Data, including countries, authors, institutions, journals, and keywords, were analyzed by Tableau Public Desktop and Citespace software. Results: A total of 305 articles published between January 1st, 2013, and December 31st, 2023, were included, and the number of articles on the relationship between AD and ferroptosis has increased annually, with the largest number reported from China (162 articles). The articles from Professor SJ Dixon were cited most frequently. Among the top ten most cited articles, four were published in top journals. The University of Melbourne emerged as the institution with the highest number of publications (27 articles). Among the journals, most of the articles were published in Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience (13 articles, accounting for 4.26%). The co-occurrence analysis of keywords revealed that major hotspots in this field contained oxidative stress, cell death, and lipid peroxidation. Keyword burst analysis indicated that antioxidant was the term with the longest duration of high interest, while clustering analysis showed that this research area primarily focused on amyloid precursor protein, drug development, and diagnostic models. Conclusion: Bibliometric analyses were conducted to comprehensively present the research progress and trends on the relationship between AD and ferroptosis, providing valuable evidence for future research in related fields.

The clinical manifestations of adult-acquired cerebellar diseases often surpass those of congenital cerebellar diseases, suggesting the significant role of the cerebellum in the developing brain. Moreover, emerging evidence from structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging indicates that the cerebellum is implicated not only in motor functions but also in non-motor domains such as cognition, emotion, and language. However, delineating the specific extent of cerebellar development required to prevent deficits in either motor or non-motor functions remains challenging. In this study, we present two new cases of unilateral cerebellar agenesis. One individual leads a nearly normal life, while the other exhibits mild cognitive impairment, mild depression, and severe autism, but maintains normal motor function. Van der Heijden et al. (2023) revealed that the brain can compensate for some, but not all, perturbations to the developing cerebellum, including motor deficits and impairments in social behaviors. Therefore, we hypothesize that comparing structural images from our patients and reviewing pertinent literature may elucidate the reasons for the varied clinical manifestations observed in patients with cerebellar agenesis.

Background:Although previous studies have shown that the injection of contrast agents can improve image quality, the specific impact of this on T2-weighted fat-suppressed (T2 FS) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences in the diagnosis of breast cancer remains incompletely understood. In particular, there is insufficient research on how contrast agents affect the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values within these sequences, and how these changes influence the diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors. Methods:Breast magnetic resonance images (MRI) were obtained from 178 consecutive patients on a 3T scanner. The SNR and CNR of lesions on T2 FS sequence were calculated before and after contrast agent injection and compared. Differences between pre- and post-contrast ADC in identifying different tumor types were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis H-test and the paired comparison test. The accuracy of ADC values between pre- and post-contrast in distinguishing benign and malignant breast masses was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results:The SNR and CNR of T2 FS sequence increased after contrast injection, and especially for invasive cancer and benign tumor, the increase was significant. For DWI, there was a slight increase or decrease of ADC values after contrast injection, but the ADC values before and after contrast had a similar effect in identifying different types of tumors. In the ROC curve analysis for assessing benign and malignant breast tumors, the area under the curve (AUC) before and after contrast showed similar results. Conclusions:Contrast agent injection can improve the SNR and CNR of T2 FS sequence, thus providing higher quality images for the diagnosis of breast lesions. Furthermore, injection of contrast agent had little effect on the ability of ADC values to identify different types of lesions and both ADC values before and after the contrast agent were able to distinguish between benign and malignant tumors with almost the same accuracy.

Rationale:Meningiomas are mostly benign brain tumors with minimal malignant cases. Anaplastic meningioma has malignant morphological characteristics and a World Health Organization grade of III. Patient concerns:The present study reports a case of an occipital meningioma in a patient who initially chose observation and follow-up after diagnosis. The patient ultimately underwent surgery due to the enlargement of the tumor and the development of visual field defects after a decade of imaging follow-up. The postoperative pathology slides indicated the presence of an anaplastic meningioma (World Health Organization-grade III). Diagnoses:The patient's diagnosis was established through cranial magnetic resonance imaging, which revealed an irregular mixed mass in the right occipital region with isointense T1 and hypointense T2 signal, irregular lobulation, and a maximum diameter of approximately 5.4 cm. Heterogenous enhancement was observed in the contrast-enhanced scan. Interventions:The patient opted for surgical intervention to remove the tumor, and the pathology slides of the tumor sample confirmed the diagnosis of anaplastic meningioma. The patient also received radiotherapy (40Gy/15fr). Outcomes:No recurrence was observed during the 9-month follow-up. Lessons:This case highlights the potential for low-grade meningiomas to undergo malignant transformation, particularly in the presence of irregular lobulation, peritumoral brain edema, and heterogeneous enhancement on contrast-enhanced scans. Total excision (Simpson grade I) is the preferred treatment option, and long-term imaging follow-up is recommended.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to make a systematic analysis of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in immunological characterization and predictive drugs in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) through bioinformatics and biological experiments.MethodsThe molecular clusters related to CRGs and associated immune cell infiltrations in AD were investigated. The diagnostic models were constructed for AD and different AD subtypes. Moreover, drug prediction and molecular docking were also performed. Subsequently, a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was conducted to further verify the findings. Finally, RT-qPCR validation was performed.ResultsThe characterization of 12 AD-related CRGs was evaluated in AD, and a diagnostic model for AD showed a satisfying discrimination power based on five CRGs by LASSO regression analysis. The dysregulated CRGs and activated immune responses partially differed between patients with AD and healthy subjects. Furthermore, two molecular subtypes (clusters A and B) with different immune infiltration characteristics in AD were identified. Similarly, a diagnostic model for different AD subtypes was built with nine CRGs, which achieved a good performance. Molecular docking revealed the optimum conformation of CHEMBL261454 and its target gene CSNK1D, which was further validated by MD simulation. The RT-qPCR results were consistent with those of the comprehensive analysis.ConclusionThis study systematically elucidated the complex relationship between cuproptosis and AD, providing novel molecular targets for treatment and diagnosis biomarkers of AD.

宫颈癌发病率及死亡率逐年升高,早期诊断可改善其预后.影像组学可自动化、高通量提取医学影像的定量特征并实现数据转化,更准确地评估宫颈癌的发生、发展及转归.本文围绕MRI影像组学用于研究宫颈癌的现状及进展进行综述.

Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) has different clinical presentations in males and females. However, the neuroanatomical mechanisms underlying these sex differences are not fully understood. Objective The purpose of present study was to explore the sex differences in brain cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) of MDD and the relationship between these differences and clinical manifestations in different gender. Methods High-resolution T1-weighted images were acquired from 61 patients with MDD and 61 healthy controls (36 females and 25 males, both). The sex differences in CT and SA were obtained using the FreeSurfer software and compared between every two groups by post hoc test. Spearman correlation analysis was also performed to explore the relationships between these regions and clinical characteristics. Results In male patients with MDD, the CT of the right precentral was thinner compared to female patients, although this did not survive Bonferroni correction. The SA of several regions, including right superior frontal, medial orbitofrontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus triangle, superior temporal, middle temporal, lateral occipital gyrus, and inferior parietal lobule in female patients with MDD was smaller than that in male patients (P < 0.01 after Bonferroni correction). In female patients, the SA of the right superior temporal (r = 0.438, P = 0.008), middle temporal (r = 0.340, P = 0.043), and lateral occipital gyrus (r = 0.372, P = 0.025) were positively correlated with illness duration. Conclusion The current study provides evidence of sex differences in CT and SA in patients with MDD, which may improve our understanding of the sex-specific neuroanatomical changes in the development of MDD.