Ischemic stroke (IS) is not only one of the leading causes of various degrees of dysfunction and disability worldwide, but also the third leading cause of death after heart disease and cancer. Due to the short treatment window and limited efficacy, current treatments face significant challenges, highlighting the urgent need for new neuroprotective therapeutic strategies. The microbiota is regarded as a virtual organ of the body, which is divided into microbiota of the intestines, oral cavity, respiratory tract, and reproductive tract according to the colonization site. In recent years, both basic experiments and clinical studies have emphasized the important relationship between microbiota and IS. For many years, the impact of dysbiosis on IS has become an important and active research direction in the fields of biology and medicine. In this review, we focus on the relationship between the microbiota of the intestines, oral cavity, and other related parts and IS, and emphasize the bidirectional mechanism of action between them. In addition, we discuss potential strategies for treating IS that target the microbiota in different parts, aiming to provide new ideas for disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

四次跨膜蛋白(Tetraspanins,Tspans)是一个作为"细胞膜主要组织者"的跨膜糖蛋白家族.它们与其他膜蛋白横向结合形成富含Tspans的微结构域(Tetraspanin-enriched microdomains,TEMs),在细胞表面建立了独特的平台,从而直接或间接参与病毒感染的多个阶段.Tspans在调控病毒进入、转录、复制和组装释放等阶段均发挥了重要作用.研究Tspans在病毒感染中的作用,可以为病毒感染疾病的临床药物研发提供新靶点.本文综述了 Tspans在病毒感染中作用的研究进展.

目的:研究艾蒿提取成分联合西替利嗪对过敏性鼻炎模型大鼠的抗过敏效果.方法:用卵清白蛋白建立过敏性鼻炎大鼠模型,观察并记录各实验组大鼠鼻部症状(打喷嚏和揉鼻情况),用ELISA法检测大鼠血清中致敏性免疫球蛋白E(immunoglobulin E,IgE)、过敏性介质组胺(histamine,HIS)与白细胞介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)的含量,用免疫组织化学方法检测大鼠鼻黏膜中细胞因子IL-6、白细胞介素17(interleukin-17,IL-17)、干扰素γ(interferon γ,IFN-γ)的含量.结果:与艾蒿单独处理及西替利嗪单独处理组比较,艾蒿与西替利嗪联合处理可显著减少模型大鼠打喷嚏次数和揉鼻次数(P＜0.01),显著降低大鼠血清中IgE抗体、HIS、IL-6的浓度(P＜0.01),显著降低大鼠鼻黏膜中IL-6、IL-17、IFN-γ的含量(P＜0.01).艾蒿和西替利嗪联合处理对抑制过敏性IgE抗体分泌、下调致敏介质或细胞因子在血清和鼻黏膜组织的分泌,具有协同作用.结论:艾蒿与西替利嗪联合应用能更有效地改善过敏性鼻炎模型大鼠鼻部症状,下调血清IgE、HIS和IL-6的分泌,降低鼻黏膜IL-6、IL-17和IFN-γ的含量;艾蒿和西替利嗪联合作用具有协同性.

The morphological and structural differences of different types of chlamydospore of Arthrobotrys flagrans, a nematophagous fungus, were studied under light microscope and electron microscope to provide a reference for the biological control of parasitic nematodiasis. In this study, A. flagrans isolate F088 dormant chlamydospore and nondormant chlamydospore were selected as the research objects. The structural differences of these spores were observed by optical microscopy through lactol cotton blue, Trypan blue, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) staining. FunXite -1, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, and calcofluor white staining were used to observe the metabolic activity, cell wall, and nucleus differences of the two types of spores under fluorescence microscope. Ultrastructure of the two kinds of spores was observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Since lacto phenol cotton blue, trypan blue staining cannot distinguish dormant spores from dead spores, MTT assay was performed. Fluorescence microscopy observation showed that the cytoplasmic metabolic activity of nondormant spores was stronger than that of dormant spores. The nucleus of dormant spores was bright blue, and their fluorescence was stronger than that of nondormant spores. The cell wall of nondormant spores produced stronger yellow-green fluorescence than that of dormant spores. Ultrastructural observation showed that there were globular protuberances on the surface of the two types of spores but with no significant difference between them. The inner wall of dormant spore possesses a thick zona pellucida with high electron density which was significantly thicker than that of nondormant spores, and their cytoplasm is also changed. In this study, the microstructure characteristics of dormant and nondormant chlamydospores of A. flagrans fungi were preliminarily clarified, suggesting that the state of cell wall and intracellular materials were changed after spores entered to dormancy.

肠道菌群与人类代谢健康及疾病风险有关,包括过敏性鼻炎.过敏性鼻炎是一种变态免疫反应性疾病,患者肠道中菌群具有多样性,推测肠道菌群可能参与过敏性鼻炎的发病过程,但机制不清;此外,肠道菌群生态失调也与过敏性鼻炎有关.采用肠道菌群中的益生菌治疗过敏性鼻炎,可使症状明显减轻,但还需要进一步研究其作用机制.通过对两者关联的不断研究,有助于深入了解肠道菌群与过敏性鼻炎之间的关系,为过敏性鼻炎患者的治疗提供新的思路.

目的:了解陕北居民食源性寄生虫病知识知晓情况及影响因素,为进一步制定相应的健康教育策略提供参考依据.方法:于2021年6月至2022年4月,采用网络问卷与发放调查问卷表两种形式,匿名调查陕北居民对食源性寄生虫病知识的了解情况,并对居民的知晓率进行了分析.结果:陕北居民食源性寄生虫病知识知晓率为21.08％,知晓该疾病危害的人数为1097人,占87.27％;知晓传播途径的居民为807人,占63.96％.据统计,居民对食源性寄生虫病知识的认知主要来源于手机和电视(54.20％),其次为书本(36.80％)与各种讲座(7.80％),部分居民知识来源于其他途径(1.20％),如邻居亲朋好友告知.结论:陕北居民对食源性寄生虫病知识的了解情况仍有待提高,对开展食源性寄生虫病的健康教育需求较大,应加强有关食源性寄生虫病的科普宣传.

目的 调查陕北地区水厂出厂水与末梢水中贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫污染情况,为公共卫生管理提供理论依据.方法 2021年5-11月,调查该地区5家水厂基本情况,采集水厂出厂水和末梢水各一份,采用膜过滤-免疫磁分离荧光抗体法对水样进行隐孢子虫与贾第鞭毛虫的富集与检测.结果 某地区出厂水与末梢水中贾第鞭毛虫检出率0.0％(0/30),隐孢子虫也均未检出.结论 此次调查表明某地区饮用水常规水处理工艺合格,能够有效过滤两虫、保障水质..

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common type of inflammatory disease with symptoms including rhinorrhea, fatigue, sneezing, and disturbed sleep. AR affects nearly 40% of peoples worldwide with the increased numbers of new cases. In this work, the study was conducted to disclose the anti-inflammatory and antiallergic properties of cirsilineol against the ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized AR in mice. AR was provoked in BALB/c mice through the OVA challenge 30 days along with 10 and 20 mg/kg of cirsilineol treatment. The nasal symptoms, i.e., rubbing and sneezing was monitored after the final OVA challenge. The status of OVA-specific IgE, PGD2, and LTC4 was investigated using assay kits. The status of pro-inflammatory markers also examined using assay kits. The levels of oxidative markers, SOD activity, and pro-inflammatory markers in the spleen mononuclear cells (SMEs) were studied by using respective assay kits. The mRNA expression of TXNIP was assessed using RT-PCR study. The 10 and 20 mg/kg of cirsilineol treatment effectively decreased the sneezing and nasal rubbings in OVA-provoked mice. Cirsilineol also decreased the IgE, PGD2, and LTC4 status in the AR animals. The status of pro-inflammatory markers, i.e., IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-33 and TNF-α was found to be decreased in the cirsilineol administered AR mice. Cirsilineol effectively reduced the ROS and MDA and improved SOD in the OVA-challenged SMCs. The mRNA expression of TXNIP was appreciably suppressed by the cirsilineol treatment. Altogether, these findings proved the beneficial actions of cirsilineol against the OVA-triggered AR in mice. The additional studies on the cirsilineol could lead to the development of new drug for AR management.

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2)利用其刺突(S)吸附与穿入细胞,冠状病毒S蛋白为同源三聚体,每一条肽链分为S1和S2两个区,S1通过其受体结合域(RBD)与细胞膜上的受体结合,S2介导病毒包膜与细胞膜或内体膜融合使病毒核衣壳进入细胞质.冠状病毒疫苗设计的主要出发点是诱导机体产生针对S蛋白的中和抗体,从而阻止病毒对细胞的吸附与穿入.动物实验和临床试验都已证实,冠状病毒S蛋白能刺激机体产生中和抗体,后者对机体具有保护作用.基于S蛋白的新冠病毒疫苗可以是病毒载体疫苗、重组蛋白疫苗、DNA疫苗、mRNA疫苗或病毒样颗粒疫苗,可以针对S蛋白的全长设计或针对RBD或S蛋白的其他区域设计.

目的 探究延安市宝塔区变应性鼻炎(AR)合并哮喘(AS)的相关危险因素.方法 选取延安市宝塔区2016年1月至2019年12月延安大学第一附属医院和延安大学第四附属医院收治的过敏性鼻炎患者386例为研究对象,根据是否合并哮喘分为变应性鼻炎合并哮喘组和单纯变应性鼻炎组.分析得出AR合并AS的相关性危险因素.结果 变应性鼻炎386例患者中哮喘患者179例.不同性别患者合并哮喘阳性率比较有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同生活环境患者合并哮喘阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).不同发病年龄患者合并哮喘阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).变应性鼻炎合并哮喘组中过敏原检测阳性率前5位分别为蒿属植物、海鲜、香烟、树、尘螨.单纯变应性鼻炎组中过敏原检测阳性率前5位分别为蒿属植物、树、动物皮毛、香烟、海鲜.结论 AS与AR存在密切相关性,两者通常共存.治疗时需要有效控制AR,避免AR症状反复引发AS.

Purpose. Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. miRNAs play an important role in regulating gene expression by binding with 3′-UTR of the target gene. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of miRNA-149 and FOXC1 in gastric cancer. Patients and Methods. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miRNA-149 and FOXC1 in gastric cancer tissues and cells. Human gastric cancer cell lines AGS and MKN28 were cultured and transfected with miR-149 overexpression plasmid and its control or FOXC1 siRNA and its control. The MTT, colony formation, flow cytometry, wound healing, transwell, and western blotting were performed to examine the function of miRNA-149 and FOXC1 in the development of gastric cancer. What is more, dual-luciferase assay and western blotting were used to demonstrated the relationship between miRNA-149 and FOXC1. Results. miRNA-149 was underexpressed in gastric cancer tissues and cells, while overexpression of miRNA-149 promoted cell apoptosis, retarded cell cycle, and inhibited proliferation and migration in AGS and MKN28 cells. In addition, we showed that miRNA-149 targeted FOXC1. What is more, FOXC1 was highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and cells; the silencing of FOXC1 inhibited the biological function of AGS and MKN28 cells. Conclusion. miRNA-149 inhibits the biological behavior of gastric cancer by targeting FOXC1, providing a promising target in the treatment of human gastric cancer.

With the development of anthelmintic resistance of parasitic nematodes, screening the potential of predatory fungi candidates by in vitro and in vivo assay is necessary for biocontrol of parasitic nematodes in sheep. Fifteen native isolates of fungi species of six predators were evaluated through in vitro and in vivo experiment to evaluate the capacity of passing through the gastrointestinal tract of sheep. The results of the in vitro experiment showed that the reduction percentages of the third-stage larvae (L3) of trichostrongylides in faeces were 97.02-98.49% for five isolates of Arthrobotrys (Monacrosporium) sinense; 83.47-99.12% for three isolates of Arthrobotrys oviformis; 80.00-97.41% for four isolates of Arthrobotrys conoides; and 99.18%, 77.56%, and 75.72% for one isolate of Arthrobotrys microscaphoides, Arthrobotrys salina, and Dactylellina leptospora, respectively. In the in vivo assay, the results exhibited that the larval recoveries in faeces were significantly decreased (p<.05), and L3 reduction percentage ranged from 37.84% to 86.93% for all fungal isolates tested, except for one isolate of D.leptospora. After fungal treatment (within 24h) of one isolate of A.salina, although the efficacy against L3 was 43.83%, tested fungus was detected in the faeces. The remaining isolates, except one isolate of D.leptospora and one isolate of A.conoides, were positive for either L3 reduction or fungal survival in faeces. The present study showed that nematophagous fungi could survive in the passage through the alimentary tract of sheep and should be potential candidates as a feed supplement.

With the development of anthelmintic resistance of parastic nematodes, it is necessary to isolate and study nematophagous fungi to screen out the native isolates for their potential in the biocontrol of domestic animal nematodosis. This study aimed to isolate the Arthrobotrys sinense (Monacrosporium sinense) of nematophagous fungus, to characterize representative molecular isolates using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and to determine the effect of the temperature and pH values on radial growth of the isolate. Five isolates were isolated from 1532 samples of different types, and their occurrence frequencies were 0.32% of the total samples. They were identified as A. sinense by means of morphology and the sequence of the 5.8S, 18S, and 28S rDNA, as well as internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2. The isolate NBS003 could grow from 11°C to 35°C and had optimal growth at 30°C. The isolate could grow at pH 4 to 11, and its optimal value was obtained at pH 9. SEM results showed that 6 h after their addition, the second stage larvae (L2) and the third stage infective larvae (L3) of Haemonchus contortus were captured. L2 and L3 were penetrated by the fungus at 18 and 24 h post-capture, respectively. L2 and L3 were completely digested at 84 and 90 h post-capture, respectively. The NBS003 of the A. sinense should have a certain potential to be used for capturing the free-living stage of nematodes in sheep.

人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)是一种感染人的乳头瘤病毒科病毒,主要感染上皮细胞,其高危型别(主要是16和18型)可引起恶性肿瘤.高危型HPV感染上皮细胞后,其DNA能整合入细胞基因组,并由于其E2基因表达障碍不能有效抑制E6、E7基因转录而持续高表达E6和E7 2种癌蛋白.E6和E7蛋白可分别抑制P53蛋白和pRb蛋白的作用而使细胞周期失控,在细胞基因组受到损伤时细胞周期仍然向前进展;E6蛋白能通过影响多种凋亡调节蛋白或因子的表达而抑制细胞凋亡;E6蛋白和E7蛋白能协同作用上调端粒酶的表达而使细胞永生化;以上机制最终导致受感染细胞发生恶性转化或癌变.本文对HPV的致癌特性及其所表达的E6蛋白和E7蛋白扰乱细胞周期、抑制细胞凋亡并活化端粒酶使细胞永生化的致癌机制的研究进展进行了综述.

目的 了解延安市2012年-2015年梅毒的流行病学特征.方法 收集近4年延安市延安大学附属医院皮肤科门诊报告的梅毒感染患者资料,并对资料进行流行病学分析.结果 4年内累计285例梅毒患者,1期梅毒79例,2期梅毒75例,3期梅毒仅12例,胎传梅毒14例,隐性梅毒105例,主要是隐性梅毒,其次是1期和2期梅毒,共占所有梅毒患者的90.88％ (259/285);其中男性101例,女性184例,性别比为1∶1.82,感染率高的人群主要集中在青壮年,以20岁～39岁患者居多.梅毒患者职业以待业人员、打工者及农民为主.结论 延安市生殖道梅毒感染趋势稳定,还应加强对梅毒的防治工作.

1 病例介绍 患者,男,10岁,延安市延川县永坪镇人,因间断发作呼吸困难2天,抽搐伴呕吐1 min于2014-08-07入院.患儿2d前夜间出现呼吸困难,持续数秒钟后可缓解,家属未留意.1d前于当地诊所就诊,按“感冒”给予输液治疗(具体用药不详).期间仍间断有呼吸困难发作,遇到水、风及声音后加重.7日上午来延安大学附属医院儿科门诊就诊期间,患儿突然出现抽搐,双目向上凝视,口周发绀,四肢痉挛,口吐大量白沫.门诊给予清理呼吸道等急救处理,过程中出现呕血,量约20 ml,并急诊住院.患儿曾有犬类接触外伤史,既往体健,无传染病及家族遗传史.查体:体温38.5℃,脉搏126次/min、呼吸20次/min,体重40 kg,血压140/51 mmHg,发育正常,营养中等,神智不清,浅表淋巴结未触及,双侧瞳孔等大等圆约7 mm,对光反应迟钝,颈抵抗力明显,呼吸三凹征阴性,双肺呼吸音粗,可闻及大量痰鸣,心音低钝,率齐,心前区未闻及明显杂音.

Objective To understand the status of soil- transmitted nematode infection,the knowledge and healthybehavior associated with soil-transmitted nematodiasis in residents of rural area in northern Shaanxi. Methods According tothe random sampling method, the permanent residents aged 3 years old or above in 8 villages were selected and surveyd. Theeggs of roundworm, hookworm and whipworm in the feces of the residents were detected using modified Kato Katzmethod. Enterobius vermicularis eggs in children under 12 years old were detected with cellophane swab method. In additionfamily members in 8 households of each survey place were randomly selected and the soil-transmitted knowledge rate and thepercentage of residents with healthy behaviors of the family members were surveyed. Results A total of 1 352 residents weredetected and 4 were infected with soil-transmitted nematode with the positive rate of 0.29%; 108 children were examinedand 11 were positive for Enterobius vermicularis, the total infection rate was 10.18%. The soil- transmitted nematodiasisknowledge rate of the 329 residents surveyed was 38.29%, over 62% of the residents had healthy behaviors. Conclusion The infection rate of soil-transmitted nematode was low in residents of rural area in northern Shaanxi, but the infection rate ofEnterobius vermicularis was high; a majority of the residents have healthy behaviors, but the knowledge rate in prevention andtreatment of soil- transmitted nematodiasis was low. Therefore, the prevention and control work be strengthened,health education be promoted in order to effectively reduce the harmfulness of nematodiasis.

弓形虫是一种重要的机会性致病原虫,孕妇妊娠早期感染弓形虫,可引起流产、早产、畸胎、死胎、出生缺陷等先天性弓形虫病;而男性感染弓形虫可导致生殖障碍甚至不育.本文就近年来国内外有关弓形虫致睾丸、附睾及精子损伤机制的研究资料作一简要综述.

Objective To evaluate the application of osteoporosis self-assessment tool for Asians (OSTA) and body mass index ( BMI) in screening of osteoporosis for postmenopausal women in communities.Methods A total of 320 postmenopausal women were included.Bone mineral density ( BMD) was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ( DXA).OSTA index and BMI were calculated, and their predictive values of osteoporosis for postmenopausal women were assessed, respectively.Results The detection rates of osteoporosis in the lumbar spine and the proximal femur were 25.9%and 35.9%respectively.Both the OSTA index and BMI were significantly correlated with BMD.Using OSTA≤-1 as the cut-off value, the sensitivity and specificity of OSTA in the screening of osteoporosis in the lumbar spine and the femur were 75.3% and 69.1%, respectively.Using BMI≥23.0, they were 67.0% and 55.6%, respectively.Conclusion Both OSTA index and BMI have certain predictive value in screening osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.However, the sensitivity is low.OSTA index is more convenient and simpler in use.

目的 了解某医学院2008-2010级学生常见肠道寄生虫感染情况.方法 采用生理盐水直接涂片法和碘液涂片法,镜检学生自留粪便标本,以粪便中查出虫卵或包囊为确诊依据.结果 结果显示,受检1 063名学生中,总感染率为0.66％ (7/1 063),男生感染率为0.95％ (3/315),女生感染率为0.53％ (4/748),差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).其中蛔虫感染率为0.47％ (5/1 063),溶组织内阿米巴为0.09％ (1/1 063),结肠阿米巴为0.09％ (1/1 063).2008-2010级感染率分别为1.12％ (4/358)、0.71％ (2/281)和0.24％ (1/424).结论 某医学院2008-2010年级学生常见肠道寄生虫感染较低,其中蛔虫感染率较高.今后应加强对学生进行卫生宣传教育,提高全校学生的防病意识,改善不良的饮食习惯.