以高校化学实验室为例,指出危险化学品在实验室贮存使用中可能出现的安全隐患,在原有实验室安全管理制度的基础上对危险化学品创新性提出警校联防管理办法,探讨了警校联合防控机制的运行及信息化管理平台的使用对危险化学品管理的作用.

为进一步研发安全、有效的葡萄防腐保鲜剂,对 11 种中草药的有效成分进行初探,并用其提取物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、黑曲霉、灰葡萄孢菌和青霉 5 种葡萄主要致腐菌进行体外抑菌实验,筛选出 5 种抑菌效果比较好的中草药提取物,进行了最低抑菌浓度测定及提取物配伍液的抑菌效果测定.结果表明:丁香、百里香、牛至、八角茴香、肉桂 5 种中草药提取物抑菌效果比较好,其中丁香最低抑制浓度最小,有效成分含量最高;百里香、丁香、八角茴香的复配方案抑菌效果最优,但低于单一丁香的抑菌效果.研究成果为葡萄保鲜提供新的方向及一定的理论基础.

本文以草莓失重率、可滴定酸含量、维生素C的含量作为评定指标,来研究三种中草药提取物对草莓的保鲜效果.通过单因素实验确定了每种中草药提取物的最佳保鲜浓度,其中八角茴香提取物最佳保鲜浓度是0.15%;丁香提取物最佳保鲜浓度是2%;银杏提取物最佳保鲜浓度是3%.

煤矸石是我国排放量巨大的固体废弃物.为实现固体废弃物资源化利用,以α-石英基煤矸石作为原料经焙烧除杂和碱煮/熔融制备白炭黑.对体系酸度、分散剂用量、碱煮/熔融、陈化时间等合成条件进行了优化,得出最佳实验条件为:体系pH=7,陈化时间6 h,分散剂加入量5倍,采用碱煮工艺.产物性能测试结果表明,以α-石英基煤矸石为原料制得白炭黑二氧化硅(SiO2)质量分数高达89％,其余各项指标均符合行业标准要求.

The disassembly line balancing problem is one of the most significant methods in handling large quantities of waste electrical and electronic equipment efficiently problems. In this paper, we propose a U-shaped layout disassembly line and set up a mathematical model to maximize the disassembly profit and minimize the disassembly time of hazardous parts. Therefore, an improved Multi-objective Salp swarm algorithm based on Pareto which combines with a stochastic simulation method is proposed to solve such a U-shaped disassembly line balancing problem. Some cases are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show the proposed method can solve the U-shaped disassembly line balancing problem and outdo the other two optimization algorithms: Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) and Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm based on Decomposition (MOEA/D) in the quality of solutions.

本文以朝阳某钒钛磁铁矿为研究对象,分析了矿石的化学性质、物相组成等,原矿物中具备回收价值的TFe、V2O5、TiO2品位分别为11.29％、0.06％和2.93％,是典型的低品位钒钛磁铁矿石.根据样品性质制定预先抛尾-磨矿-磁选的分选工艺,并试验验证了该工艺的可行性.探索了磨矿条件和磁选参数对矿石中铁回收效果的影响,最优条件下铁、钛、钒品位分别达49.49％、19.75％、0.92％,铁的精选回收率为80.31％、钛回收率87.88％.该工艺简单易行,选矿成本降低,钒钛磁铁矿和钛铁矿回收率较高,为下一步铁、钛、钒的分离和综合利用奠定基础.

In recent years, the utilization of end-of-life products which may cause serious environmental pollution has received much attention from both industrial and academia. The recycling and reusing of waste products have an essential step that is disassembly. A disassembly sequencing planning problem is studied with minimizing disassembly time to get the near-optimal solution. This work uses an improved algorithm for solving disassembly sequencing problems based on an improved gray wolf optimization algorithm, which has a group optimization options that can simulate the gray wolfs’ predation behaviours. An initial solution generator, a new solution generator, and a random mutation operator are adopted to improve the proposed algorithm, which can promote its efficiency and effectiveness. Experimental data show its superiority to solve this work’s problem comparing with the classical genetic algorithm.

With the continuous consumption of commodities, the number of waste products is also increasing, and its impact on the environment and resources has also attracted great attention. Therefore, the reuse of waste products is one of the ways to solve the problem of increasing waste products at present. In this work, the cycle time constraint of disassembly components is considered in a multi-product partial U-shaped disassembly-line-balancing problem. Moreover, the maximum profit and the minimum idle time are taken as the optimization objectives, and a mathematical model of multi-objective optimization under the cycle time constraints is established. To optimize this problem, an S-metric selection evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithm (SMS-EMOA) is proposed. The SMS-EMOA is compared with the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition and the indicator-based evolutionary algorithm. The experimental results show the practicability and feasibility of the SMS-EMOA algorithm.

以朝阳大枣汁为原料,用自选的酵母菌株Y8,进行大枣果酒发酵工艺的研究.在单因素试验的基础上,对装液量、接种量、发酵时间和初始糖度这四个主要影响因素进行Box-Behnken试验设计,采用响应面分析方法,对发酵工艺参数进行优化.结果表明:在初始糖度17°Bx、接种量7％、装液量68％、发酵时间11d的条件下得到大枣果酒的酒精度转化率为93.62％.产品果香浓郁,风味独特,该研究将为朝阳大枣深加工提供理论依据与研究基础.

Eleven spices extracts were used to study antibacterial effect on 5 kinds of pathogenic bacteria from grape and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)of five spices extracts which have good antibacterial effect were determined.Meanwhile,antibacterial effect of arbitrary combination of 3 spices extrats from the five with good antibacterial effect with the ratio of 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 1 were also studied.The results showed that five spices,including clove,thyme,oregano,star anise and cinnamon have good antibacterial effect,in which,clove extracts has most significant antibacterial effect,and the inhibition zone diameters were as follow:Escherichia coli 17.45mm,Staphylococcus aureus 31.45mm,Aspergillus niger 38.38mm,botrytis cinerea 54.70mm,and penicillium 25.18mms.MIC of clove extracts was also the lowest as follow:Escherichia coli 6.25mg/mL,Staphylococcus aureus 12.5mg/mL,Aspergillus niger 3.13mg/mL,botrytis cinerea 1.56mg/ml,and penicillium 12.5mg/mL.Antibacterial effect of compatibility of thyme,clove,and star anise was better than the others,but less than that of clove single extract.Therefore,clove extract could be applied to the preservation of grapes.

The polyphenols were extracted from the malusasiatica pomace by ethanol,based on the single factor experimental analysis,the effects of ethanol concentration,material/liquid ratio,microwave power and microwave time on extraction yield of polyphenols were evaluated by response surface analysis methodology(RSM).Based on Box-Behnken experimental design principle,RSM design of three factors and three levels was applied.A regression equation prediction model was established by SAS software for the analysis of response surface values,and the extraction processing parameters were optimized.The results showed that the above four factors reached a significant level on the yield(P<0.01),the practical extraction yield was well predicted by the regression model.The optimum extraction conditions were as follows:ethanol concentration was 52%,material/liquid ratio(g/mL)was 1 ∶21,microwave power was 540W and microwave time was 123s.Under these conditions,the extraction yield of malusasiatica pomace polyphenols was 4.27mg/g,which was consistent with the prediction of 97.05%.Compared with solvent extraction,application of microwave increased the yield of polyphenols greatly and also shortened the extraction time.

Black currant fruit juice was used as the main raw material to produce black currant wine.The fermentation conditions including medium volume,inoculum,fermentation temperature,fermentation time and initial sugar were optimized by single factor and Box-Behnken experiment design.The optimal conditions were as follows: inoculum 7%,initial sugar 22°Bx,fermentation temperature 24℃,fermentation time10d and medium volume 73.6%.Under these conditions,the average conversion rate of sugar to alcohol reached 97.4%.