The issues of the formation of inhomogeneities and cracks as well as the effects of their spontaneous healing are considered on the well-known principles and concepts of nonlinear dynamics and quantum technologies in order to fully describe the picture of possible processes of the genesis of heterogeneities and their self-organization. At the same time, the process of spontaneous overgrowth of micro-inhomogeneities in solid-state/metal products, such defects in which occur under different operating conditions, is discussed on the example of thermal power plants of various types with cyclic processes and vibrations. The mechanism of such healing is determined by dynamic processes of unsteady diffusion with certain temporal characteristics evaluated within the framework of the corresponding model concepts. A model of diffusion-limited aggregation of defects/particles implemented by the cellular automaton method from the Neumann neighborhood, a model of random and ballistic deposition, as well as a percolation approach are considered. The process of modification and development of a 3D fractured structure based on the Griffiths load theory for dislocations is described, taking into account the gradual sequential transition from a stable state to a growth stage. As a result of the action of such dynamic loads in a solidstate object, a rapid change in the parameters of microcracking is observed, which can be represented as local micro-explosions, viz. the growth and fusion of natural microcracks into larger ones; the emergence of new microcracks; the disclosure of large microcracks with the formation of defects of the next hierarchical level. In the overview aspect, the universal modes of operation of a nonlinear dynamic system, well-known in mathematics and physics and suitable for analyzing the stability and sustainability of thermal power plants, are considered. The ongoing processes are associated with different types and strategies for the development of heterogeneities, such as: collapse and stagnation; stable periodicity; parameters “at odds”; chaotic development within certain limits; disruption/sudden crisis; a sharp leap and a breakthrough in development. The proposed approaches can be useful in improving the real operational condition of chambers with working matter in power plants when they operate in various operating modes.

We investigate quantum phenomena in a system of three coupled microcavities. The possibility of observing polariton blockade in a dimer and triple micropillar configuration is discussed. The discovered quantum effects allow using these systems as versatile sources of individual polariton photons. Various manifestations of the quantum blockade can be tuned with the use of the pumping laser frequency. We discovered that the action of an artificial gauge field on a polariton trion causes the effect of a collective quantum blockade – a phenomenon consisting in blocking of excitation of the state with n particles distributed over multiple coupled modes. We found that when a collective quantum blockade on a non-Hermitain polariton dimer as part of the trion and a blockade on the machine itself with an antibunching effect of a micropillar coupled to the dimer, then a polariton dimer is entangled with that micropillar.

A model is proposed for the convective flow of a liquid phase of a glycerol colloidal solution and noble metal nanoparticles (Ag, Au, Ag/Au) near a substrate. The diffusion approximation is used to describe the formation of nanocluster systems on the substrate. A model of diffusion-limited aggregation was implemented by applying a cellular automaton in the Neumann neighborhood. A diverse structure of model systems of nanoclusters that adequately describes structural features of the experimental samples was obtained by varying the parameter of the probability of aggregation. The proposed models can be of use in calibrating the parameters of the experimental production of systems of noble metal nanoclusters and describing processes that have a key influence on the nanocluster structures in the first approximation.

A study is performed of the electrophysical characteristics of nanoclusters and their mechanisms of electrical conductivity, depending on the topology of these structures. Quantum properties and statistics of photons upon the excitation of exciton–polariton states are analyzed. The possibility of creating element bases for micro- and nanoelectronics based on new physical principles is discussed.

This article discusses the possibility of using Lyot interference-polarization tuners to create tunable lasers. The use of various variations and layouts of phase-shifting plates makes it possible to generate both dual-wave and single-wave radiation with the possibility of tuning. The tuning range depends both on the specific type of tuner used and on the parameters of the cavity and active medium. Dual-wave and single-wavelength generation of an alexandrite laser is demonstrated.

A quantum behavior of the light emitted by exciton polaritons excited in a pillar semiconductor microcavity with embedded quantum well is investigated. Considering the bare excitons and photon modes as coupled quantum oscillators allows for an accurate accounting of the nonlinear and dissipative effects. In particular, using the method of the quantum states representation in a quantum phase space via quasiprobability functions (namely, a P-function and a Wigner function), we study the impact of the laser and the exciton-photon detuning on the second order correlation function of the emitted photons. We determine the conditions under which the phenomena of bunching, giant bunching, and antibunching of the emitted light emerge. In particular, we predict the effect of a giant bunching for the case of a large exciton to photon population ratio. Within the domain of parameters supporting a bistability regime we demonstrate the effect of bunching of photons.

In the paper, we show the possibility of nanostructured tungsten surface by femtosecond laser radiation. The features of the LIPPS formation are also shown. The dependence of the formation of the structuring region on the number of femtosecond laser pulses is shown. Based on the analysis of experimental data, the formation mechanisms of nanostructures are discussed.

Thermodynamic assessment of the influence of alloying elements (Si, Cu, Mg, Ni, Mn, and Zn) on the phase formation in cast aluminum matrix composites Al/B4C is carried out. It is shown that doping with silicon promotes the primary crystallization of Al8C7Si phase, the region of existence of which expands with an increase in the silicon content. In the range of 700-900 degrees C, the addition of silicon slightly changes the B4C fraction. The effect of copper is manifested in decrease in the solidus temperature and the solid-phase formation of Al2Cu. Doping with magnesium changes the phase composition, contributing to the additional formation of the AlB2 phase and free carbon in the four-phase region AlB2 + B4C + (Al) + C. The direct effect of zinc is recorded at its concentration of more than 0.7 wt.%, at which a solid solution (Zn) is formed in the solid state. The influence of manganese is fixed in solid-phase transformations; in the range of manganese concentrations up to 1 wt.%, crystallization ends in the Al12Mn + (Al) + B4C phase region. Nickel addition works similarly; crystallization of alloys containing up to 1 wt.% Ni ends in the phase region Al3Ni + (Al) + B4C.

The article introduces a tunable NIR laser. The tuning process realizes by the dispersion elements placed inside the resonator. Energy parameters depending on the laser operating mode are presented. The possibility of smooth tuning of the fundamental lasing wavelength depending on the rotation parameters of the dispersion element is shown.

This work has been carried out on the basis of the fundamental areas of optics and electrophysics of topological nanoscale objects with an emphasis on demonstrating the work of the developed prototypes of the corresponding practical devices and on their test tests.

The paper describes a method of a beam radiation parameters analysis. Such analysis bases on the laser beam registration in the plane of a diffusely reflecting screen and digital processing of the registered image. The algorithm of the laser beam spatial parameters determination is presented and realized programmatically. The experiment was carried out using a digital high-speed video system and a solid-state pulsed periodic laser based on a Cr 3+ : BeAl 2 O 4 alexandrite crystal. A comparison of the proposed method with a standardized method based on the registration of radiation by a matrix photodetector is presented. The development of measure methods of the laser radiation parameters is necessary due to the appearance of new sources of laser radiation and their use in various applications.

We propose a technique for the generation of polygonal optical patterns in real space using a combined effect of the spin-orbit interaction and confinement of light in the plane of a dielectric optical microcavity. The spin-orbit interaction emerging from the splitting in transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) optical modes of the microcavity gives rise to oscillations in space of propagating macroscopic wave packets of polarized photons. Confined in a harmonic potential, the latter follow closed trajectories of a polygonal form. We demonstrate the possibility of excitation by a continuous wave resonant optical pumping of polygonal optical patterns with a controllable (both even and odd) number of vertices.

A study is performed of the spectral characteristics of a magic Au 20 nanocluster using a density functional approach based on self-consistent field models that consider the densities of energetic electronic states. The spectra and density of the electronic states of nanoclusters of this type are obtained using a variety of software tools for numerical modeling, and conclusions are reached about the optical properties of the tetrahedral Au 20 nanocluster. The prospects for their use in practical applications are briefly discussed.

In the paper we discuss new tendencies and trends in laser/nanotechnologies based on topological material-science with spatial structures of necessary types induced by laser radiation on solid surface. Review of the current state of research on this issue, main directions and scientific advantages are presented. In our study we used originally manufactured the multibeam laser-technological automated complex for thermal hardening of the surface of different products with variable elemental composition. The database for several functional characteristics, varied under processing by laser radiation the surface of materials, is given.

Oscillations of the trajectory of exciton–polaritons propagating in the plane of an optical microcavity with integral quantum wells are studied. This effect is characteristic of systems with the splitting of spin states, and arises as a result of the mutual influence of the spin (polarization) degree of freedom and the translational motion of polaritons. The trajectory’s period of oscillation is determined by the splitting of the photon and exciton components of the polaritons.

Laser-controlled modifications of the structure and topology of the surface layers of a solid that are used to obtain specific characteristics in objects for various purposes are considered. Structural phase transitions induced in a solid by laser radiation are analyzed, depending on the size of nanoparticles (nanoclusters). The propagation of surface states is modeled in the context of the diffusion model and cellular automata.

Samples of Ag/Au nanocluster/island fractal nanofilms obtained by thermal diffusion deposition from a colloidal solution are presented. Modeling and evaluation of the features of their structure in the approximation of diffusion-limited aggregation are carried out. The evaluation of the scattering characteristics of the study on the model samples in the framework of the Fischer-Burford relation is made.

The results of experimental studies of the production of metal nanoclusters in colloidal solutions are presented. Models based on the Smoluchowski equation for concentrations of nanoparticles of various sizes, as well as a model of cluster-cluster aggregation, are proposed, which can be useful in studying the processes of nanocluster formation in colloidal solutions.

The purpose of this work is to develop breakthrough technologies and technology transfer in the field of topological photonics, nanoelectronics and new materials with controlled functional and structural characteristics using a unique line of the Vladimir State University (VlSU) equipment (within the framework of the corresponding created structures - Centre of collective use, Center for Structural Materials Science and Breakthrough Engineering Physical Technologies, Center for Engineering Competencies, etc.) for carrying out work in the direction of high-tech industrial sectors. The report deals with the following issues on this topic: basic physical and scientific and technical principles, methods for measuring laser-induced structures on the surface of materials in real time, obtaining surface nanostructures on solid materials by deposition from colloidal systems using a two-stage scheme with laser ablation, modeling macroscopic quantum states in the functional properties of laser-induced 4d-topological nanoclusters in thin films on a solid surface and experimental demonstration of the work of real prototypes.

The artificial gauge field for electrically neutral exciton polaritons devoid from the polarization degree of freedom can be synthesized by means of applying crossed electric and magnetic fields. The appearance of the gauge potential can be ascribed to the motional (magneto-electric) Stark effect which is responsible for the presence of a linear-in-momentum contribution to the exciton kinetic energy. We study the interplay of this phenomenon with the competing effect which arises from the Rabi-splitting renormalization due the reduction of the electron-hole overlap for a moving exciton. Accounting for this mechanism is crucial in the structures with the high ratio of Rabi splitting and the exciton binding energy. Besides, we propose an approach which boosts the gauge field in the considered system. It takes advantage of the crossover from the hydrogen-like exciton to the strongly dipole-polarized exciton state at a specific choice of electric and magnetic fields. The strong sensitivity of the exciton energy to the momentum in this regime leads to the large values of the gauge field. We consider the specific example of a GaAs ring-shape polariton Berry phase interferometer and show that the flux of the effective magnetic field may approach the flux quantum value in the considered crossover regime.