目的：通过临床基本技能培训提升医学生从业能力。方法以临床技能培训中心为平台，在卓越医师班教育中开设临床基本技能培训专项训练，通过考核和临床见习与同期未开设临床基本技能培训培训的临床医学本科生进行对比分析，通过调查问卷和走访实习带教老师和学生的方式进行调查研究。结果临床基本技能培训对提升医学生从业能力的作用十分重要，对提高医学生的临床实践能力具有重要作用。结论医学是一门重视理论与实践相结合的学科。对当代医学生而言，只掌握教科书上的知识是远远不够的，如何成为一名合格的医生，将自己所学的理论知识与临床实践有机地结合起来，为患者解除病痛，适应当今的医疗环境，成为一名理论扎实、动手能力强的优秀医学生，是每一个医学教育着和医学生普遍关注的为题。但是，目前的医学生教育模式与医疗环境对学生临床实践能力的培养与提高并没有起到明显的积极的作用。

目的:了解调查医疗卫生机构现有染色盒的不足,研制新型染色盒,为医疗卫生机构提供更好的实验器材.方法:通过调研相关专家和科研工作者以及医院检验科、病理科等医疗卫生机构的工作人员,了解现有染色盒的缺陷,构思新型染色盒所应克服的缺点以及应具备的优点,制作新型染色盒的设计图纸.结果:通过多次模型验证,研制出新型染色盒.结论:新型染色盒与原有的染色盒相比较,具有更良好的性能.

近年来,随着经济生活条件的不断提高,人们对健康的认识也不断提升,各种抗生素广泛应用于治疗病原微生物的频率也不断加快,临床上耐药菌株随之产生[1],目前细菌的耐药性的产生已成为我国普遍存在且非常严重的问题,一种新的抗生素刚刚应用没多久,就可能出现广泛的耐药现象,已成为临床治疗上的疑难课题.针对细菌耐药现象的复杂性和广泛性,急需部分或全部去除其对抗生素的耐药性[2].中草药因以其低毒性目前已成为去除细菌耐药性的重要方法之一.

Objective To investigate the correlation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF),P53 level and liver cancer infiltration in the microenvironment of the liver cancer pathological.Methods Flow cytometry was used to determine the P53 expression.Immunohistochemical method was applied to detect the expression of HIF characteristics,the correlation between Liver function (alanine amiotransferase (ALT),albumin (ALB),alpha fetoprotein(AFP))and HIF,P53.Results HIP positive rate in patients with encapsulated with incomplete,tumor diameter ≤ 5 cm and＞ 5 cm,tumor stage Ⅰ+Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 50.0％ (14/28) and 33.3％ (14/42),43.6 ％ (17/39)and 22.6％ (7/31),29.7％ (11/37)and 18.2％ (6/33)respectively.The HIF positive rate decrease in patients with capsular damage,tumor diameter increases (＞ 5 cm),Ⅲ patients,and differences between groups were statistically significant (P =0.040,0.030,0.030,respectively).P53 positive expression rate were 42.9％ (12/28) vs.83.3％ (35/42),51.3％ (20/39) vs.93.5％ (29/31),35.1％ (13/37) vs.69.7％ (23/33).The P53 positive expression in patients with capsular damage,tumor diameter increases (＞ 5 cm),Ⅲ patients with were relatively higher,the difference between groups was statistically significant (P =0.030,0.030,0.040,respectively).HIP positive rate in patient with past suffering from chronic hepatitis,cirrhosis and chronic AFP ＞ 35 ng/L,ALT ＞ 80 U/L were 36.2％ (21/58),27.9％ (17/61),27.1％ (14/51),28.2％ (11/39),lower than that of 58.3％ (7/12) in non-chronic hepatitis,non-cirrhotic 55.0％ (5/9),AFP ＜35 ng/L 58.0％ (11/19),ALT ＜ 80 U/L 51.6％ (16/31) of patients,the differences were statistically significant (P =0.046,0.047,0.037,0.045,respectively).P53 positive rate in patient with past sufering from chronic cirrhosis,AFP ＞ 35 ng/L,ALT ＞ 80 U/L,albumin ＜ 35 g/L were 82.0％ (50/61),74.5％ (38/51),69.2％ (27/39),73.7％ (42/57),respectively,higher than that of patient without chronic cirrhosis 44.4％ (4/9),or with AFP ＜ 35 ng/L 31.6％ (6/19),ALT ＜ 80 U/L 22.6％ (7/31),albumin ＞ 35 g/L 46.2％ (6/13).Tthe differences were statistically significant (P =0.037,0.040,0.032,0.041,respectively).Conclusion HIF and P53 might be the important factor in monitoring the development of hepatocellular carcinoma invasion.

目的探讨正颌外科的围手术期护理的办法，为提供更好的护理方法提供参考。方法为了配合正颌外科手术，探索对该系列的手术患者系统的护理措施，对我科室2011年1月~2012年12月20例正颌手术患者采用了心理护理、卧位护理、气道护理、口腔护理、饮食护理等方法，术后患者恢复良好。结果20例正颌手术患者经过护理，术后均恢复良好。其中有14例进行了正畸矫治术，经术后咬合关系良好，咀嚼功能改善，面容也有明显改观。结论对正颌手术患者采用心理护理、卧位护理、气道护理、口腔护理、饮食护理等方法，可缩短患者的恢复期。

目的探讨医院临床护理教学中的新方法、新观念。方法采用小讲课、病例分析、实践操作、案例演习、护患沟通、文件书写、专科特点、实践讨论等方式对126名实习生进行临床护理带教，并对带教效果进行评价。结果实习期护士工作主动、积极，能够系统地、循序渐进地完成护理部的培训内容和目标，对护理带教评价满意。实习生获得良好的实习培训。结论现代护理教学模式有利于培养出更加合格的、优秀护理专业人员。

医学检验学作为临床医学的重要组成部分,是一门发展迅速、多技术、多学科交叉具有独特应用目的的学科.基础医学的发展及临床医学的密切结合[1] ,使医学检验到检验医学发生了巨大的转变.检验专业人才培养是检验医学院的中心任务,以教学为中心不断提高教学质量是检验医学院办学与发展的主旋律[2-3].本学院不断尝试着改进本校检验医学专业的学生培养模式,下面就具体教学工作中的几点做法,与同道分享.

目的 探讨医学检验专业学生的行业需求和实践能力的培养模式.方法 通过对医学检验专业的行业需求和我校的教学大纲进行对比分析.结果 本研究对医学检验行业调研后,发现目前的医学检验教学模式与行业需求之间存在一定的差异,通过对医学检验专业学生实践能力的培养可以解决相应问题,提高教学效果.结论 探索适合医学检验专业学生实践能力的培养模式,提高学生的行业适应性,真正适应行业需求,需要更多的教师摸索和探讨.

Objective To analyze drug resistance of Escherichia coli from urinary tract infection in female,and provide reference for clinically rational application of antibiotics. Method Automatic bacterium identifying and drug sensitivity analyzing systems were used to analyse the bacteria isolated from female patients with urinary tract infection. Result E.coli non-ESBLs producing strains were highly resistant to Ampicillin trihydrate and the first or second generation cephalosporin drugs,while sensitive to Carbapenems meropenem and to the third generation cephalosporins.The drug resistance of ESBLs-producing E.coli strains were only sensitive to Carbapenems. Conclusion The drug resistance of Escherichia coli in woman patients with urinary tract infection tend to be more serious.It's very important to take effective measurements to control the prevalence of drug resistant bacteria.

Objective Exploration teaching methods in laboratory diagnosis teaching for international students in China.Methods Looking for good teaching methods through the analysis of teaching practice.Results Preparing before class and using diverse teaching methods teachers can improve the effectiveness of teaching.Conclusion To improve the quality of teaching international students,teachers need more exploration and discussion.

类风湿性关节炎(Rheumatoid Arthritis,RA)是一类严重危害人类身体健康的常见自身免疫性疾病.佐剂性关节炎(Adjuvant Arthritis, AA)大鼠是研究类风湿性关节炎(RA)及评价防治RA药物的常用动物模型之一,其病理表现与RA有一定的相似之处,如病变关节肿胀,细胞免疫功能异常等[1],但其免疫病理特征及发病机制目前仍不十分清楚.本实验研究了佐剂性关节炎大鼠的细胞免疫功能变化,探讨细胞免疫功能在大鼠佐剂性关节炎发病机制中的作用.

实验诊断学是留学生的一门重要的基础课,保证实验诊断学教学质量,不仅影响整体教学效果的评价,也对中外医学教育交流产生影响.结合几年来从事留学生实验诊断学理论和实验教学的经验和体会,我对留学生实验诊断学教学方法和效果进行探讨,为做好留学生教学工作提供参考.

大肠埃希菌(E.coli)是泌尿感染最常见的细菌[1],随着抗生素的广泛使用,特别是广谱抗生素的滥用,使得临床上越来越多的菌株出现了耐药的现象.近年来产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌越来越多,为了更好的了解我院泌尿系大肠埃希菌感染的耐药情况,本研究对我院尿液标本中分离的大肠埃希菌株进行了药物敏感性试验分析,旨在为临床的合理用药提供参考. 1 材料与方法 1.1 菌株来源 2008年5月-2009年10月本院门诊及住院患者有怀疑尿路感染者分离132株大肠埃希菌.

为了适应医学检验向检验医学模式的过渡,检验医学的培养目标对检验专业本科生的教学提出了新的要求.新形式下如何适应医学检验模式的转变及高等教育面向21世纪培养高素质、多向型人才的需要成为检验医学教学的一项新课题.

如何提高教学质量,是关系到检验学科发展和人才培养的核心问题.课堂教学是充满活力,生机勃勃的以教师为原点的发散性过程.课堂教学的核心是促使学生内在的知识储备生长,启发学生的内心的潜力,使学生的思维升华.目前对于发展性教学的方法研究,为指导课堂教学提供了依据.从众多的教学理论着手,应用发展性教学监控理论按照教学大纲的要求,切实提高教学质量.

目的:探讨原发性肝癌患者外周血中AFPmRNA和AFP的表达意义与临床应用价值。方法:提取肝癌患者外周血总RNA,RT-PCR及巢式PCR扩增目的片段。结果:肝癌患者AFPmRNA表达率为63.33%,明显高于肝炎组9.1%(P<0.05)。AFPmRNA的表达与血清AFP浓度无关(P>0.05)。结论:联合检测肝癌患者外周血中AFPmRNA和AFP是肝癌诊断、术后复发、评估预后的敏感指标。

Objective To investigate the expression of BALP and free/total prostate-specific antigen(f/t-PSA) in patients of prostatic carcinoma(Pca),and evaluate the importance on detecting the BALP and f-PSA/t-PSA in prostatic carcinoma complicating osseous metastasis patients.Methods Osseous metastasis was diagnosed by the bone imaging adding CT after 3 monthes as glod standard,35 patients having multiple osseous metastasiswere recruited into experiment group,other 21 prostatic carcinoma patients without osseous metastasis were control group,extecting the PSA,BALP by ELISA methods,calculate the ensitivity and specificity of different diagnosis methods.Results The level of t-PSA and BALP in peripherial blood in osseous group show significant higher than control group(P0.05),while the f-PSA/t-PSA show significant lower than control group with none osseous metastasis.The sensitivity of f-PSA/t-PSA0.15 is highest(85.7%),but specificity lower(47.6%);The sensitivity combining f-PSA/t-PSA and BALP was lowest(62.9%),but the specificity was highest(76.2%).Conclusion Combining the BALP with f-PSA/t-PSA can increase specificity of BALP on diagnosising the osseous metastasis of prostatic carcinoma.Detection of BALP combined with f-PSA/t-PSA is a valuable scheme for early diagnosis of skeletal metastasis of prostate cancer.

卵巢癌是妇科恶性肿瘤中死亡率最高的一类肿瘤,卵巢癌70%诊断时已有盆腹腔转移、卵巢癌浸润,转移是造成卵巢癌治疗困难的主要原因.基质金属蛋白酶2(Matrix Metalloproteinase-2,MMP-2)与卵巢癌等多种肿瘤的侵袭和转移有关.本实验旨在研究卵巢癌患者组织中MMP-2的表达特点以及与卵巢癌临床病理参数的关系,协助研究MMP-2与卵巢癌侵袭、转移的关系.

随着我国医疗卫生事业的发展,医学检验专业迅速发展起来了,但是检验人才的培养滞后于临床发展的需要。针对检验教学的现状,文章进行一些分析并从检验学生理论课的设置、教学、理论课与实践的联系、临床实习等几个方面提出几点建议,供参考。

Objective:To simplify the procedures of identification of Gram-negative bacteria,to shorten the identification time,to facilitate students to master experimental skills and to improve the quality of teaching.Methods:Four kinds of experimental strains were inoculated in the multifunctional identification medium of urea-phenylalanine that is self-made and in a single urea,phenylalanine identification medium that is commercial to experiment,respectively.Result:In two kinds of identical tests,we only needed one time to inoculate homemade urea phenylalanine single-tube rapid identification medium and cultured within 35℃ for 3 hr,so that we could obtain test results of urea and phenylalanine.However,the commercial urea,benzene,acid medium purchased was inoculated in two kinds of different identification medium,which needed to be cultured within 35℃ until 24 hr,so that we could obtain urea and phenylalanine test results.Conclusion:by comparison,it is proved that the accuracy rate of identification of experiment with self-made urea-phenylalanine rapid identification medium is 100 percent,the identification time is significantly reduced,and the test result is easy to determine,with simple operation.Therefore,the self-made urea-phenylalanine rapid identification medium is very useful in clinic.