现代地缘政治学作为一种分析工具在研究框架、研究视角及研究方法上都是有价值的,但因为冲突性的世界观、海陆对峙、大国中心主义等内在局限而饱受争议.马克思主义和批判地缘政治学对现代地缘政治学的帝国主义性质及地理想象的缺陷进行了系统性批判.在新的时代背景下,中国的新地缘政治理念和实践正在塑造一种超越西方的地缘政治想象,在倡导人类命运共同体理念、推动海陆联合的全球性地缘政治愿景及区域范围内的亲、诚、惠、容外交发展方面,取得了巨大成功.

Traditional geopolitics has a set of theoretical assumptions on the issue of space. The alienation leads to spatial exclusion,which leads to competition. Endless contention gradually turns space into closed,and competitors want to control closed space alone. The control of closed space has become an effective way to guarantee national security and power growth. This simple logic was rigid in theory and fails in practice,and has been criticized by postmodernism as an instrument of imperialist policy. It is theoretically appropriate to explore the opening and sharing of space. First of all,rethinking the meaning of "space" and constructing a new knowledge system of "space",then analyzing the geopolitical path of space opening and sharing.Finally,the space community of shared future is used to realize the protection of space opening and sharing.

传统地缘政治理论因为过度强调海陆对峙、权力政治、空间控制及大国政治等,陷入具有悲剧性的宿命论之中.但是,传统地缘政治理论关于"地理因素与国际冲突创造存在关联""地理空间存在跨界管辖的客观需要"的判断具有合理性.法国学派、美国理想主义和批判地缘政治学从去冲突化、去国家化、去地理化三个方面,对其进行了严肃批评.这种批判因为过度否定地理因素对政治选择产生的影响、对地缘合作过于乐观及无法形成全球性分析框架,难以实现对传统地缘政治理论的替代.一个有效的地缘政治议程应该坚持分析框架的普适性、认识论的中立化、人地互动论、权力的工具化及国家主导下行为体的多元化,并在此基础上研究中立性地缘政治实践优先解决的问题.

中国在改革开放初期,基于历史教训、安全需要和利益价值等国内外因素统筹考量,选择了不结盟政策.随着中国国力提升和国际国内环境的改变,不结盟政策的适用性受到了怀疑.随着国际关系百年大变局的到来和中国外交战略七十年的经验总结,中国外交政策存在大规模调整的可能性.不结盟政策在理念层面将被重构,在实践层面中国则可能通过升级现有伙伴关系网络的安全内容,选择和帮助重点地缘伙伴,采取一种介于不结盟与联盟政策间的混合策略,满足国家利益和进取性的安全需要.

格林-巴利综合征( Guillain-Barre syndrome,GBS)被广泛认为是单相的自限性疾病,GBS及其变异型的复发率较低,据文献报道,2% ～6. 8%的患者可出现复发[1] ,称为复发性格林-巴利综合征(recurrent Guillain-Barre syndrome,RGBS),其特点是症状反复发作、缓解,发作之间功能完全或接近完全恢复[2] .现将我院收治的1例复发性格林-巴利综合征患者的临床资料报道如下,并对相关文献进行总结分析.

中国对东南亚地区的高铁输出取得了令人瞩目的成就,但也面临着一系列的挑战.日本积极的高铁输出政策与中国形成了直接的竞争.这种竞争不但是技术层面、经济层面的,同时也是政治层面的.针对日本的竞争,中国应明确其政治、经济动因,并确立恰当的应对措施.

脑卒中后认知障碍(post-stroke cognitive disorders)是指在卒中这一临床事件后6 m内出现达到认知障碍诊断标准的一系列综合征,是轻度认知障碍至痴呆的一大类综合征.并非一定存在记忆力障碍,伴某些认知功能下降,即使无记忆力障碍,也认为是认知障碍.脑卒中后认知障碍分为两种类型:一种是脑卒中后非痴呆性认知障碍(CIND),主要表现为多认知域损害的脑卒中后轻度认知障碍(PS-MCI);另一种是脑卒中后血管性痴呆(PS-VD),又分为以下几种亚型,即:(1)多发梗死性痴呆(MID);(2)皮质下缺血型血管性痴(SIVD);(3)关键部位梗死型;(4)低灌注型;(5)出血型;(6)混合型.关键部位梗死以重要功能脑区的单发或多发梗死为特点,已经发现的关键部位有丘脑、额叶-扣带回皮质、内侧颞叶、海马角回.近年研究发现,内囊膝部也是导致脑卒中后认知障碍的关键部位[1].现以我科收入的2例内囊膝部梗死导致关键部位梗死型脑卒中后认知功能障碍的患者进行报道.

In term of the diplomatic system of Chinese empire,there are obvious differences on the analysis method of unit and structure between the Chinese and western scholarship.On the aspect of opinion,they are different either on the HuaXia centralism’s importance,warm diplomatic diplomacy’s effectiveness,the equilibrium and transformation of the interactive diplomatic structure and so on.To clarify the difference of the study between Chinese and western is very important both on theory and in reality.The future diplomatic strategy has to accept the limitation of diplomatic system of Chinese empire,inherit the highly flexible consultative norms,and avoid equalizing the current diplomacy and the ancient diplomatic system of Chinese empire.

大学教学体系存在着评价机制不明确、教学研究不充分和激励机制不足等问题，为了解决这些问题，大学教改体系需要围绕知识体系更新、科研体系和教学体系三者关系的平衡来进行改革。在这一过程中，如何解决体制上的保障条件十分重要，具体教学过程中的师生关系构成另一层面的关键问题。

The negotiation of Sino-Japan-Korea FTA will be initiated soon,and Korea's agricultural trade protection has been an important obstacle.Korea's tendency of agricultural trade protection is not only rooted in the welfare state institution and state intervention tradition,but also is intimately related to Korea's unique historical and political features.Under this situation,China should coordinate with Korea both socially and politically.Besides,the consolidation of agricultural sector and political support of agricultural trade liberalization is also of great importance.

<正>5月6日,法国总统大选将迎来决定性的第二轮投票。现任总统萨科齐民意支持率的低迷虽未到不可挽回的地步,但其连任前景的不确定性已经给欧盟经济复苏进程带来了更多的阴霾。如果继希腊的帕潘德里欧、西班牙的萨帕特罗和荷兰的马克·吕特倒下后,萨科齐再

Japanese attitudes to the Trans-Pacific Partnership(TPP) have cast uncertainties upon the ongoing negotiation of China,Japan and Korea FTA.Comparing with the FTA,Japanese benefit from TPP is insufficient for the second opening of Japan.Japan's participation in TPP negotiations has been consistent to its strategy in political geography and the conception of East-Asian community.In other words,it exhibits a determination to follow the United States.China should assess its impacts on the FTA and keep an open attitude towards TPP.

Comparing to the traditional geopolitical opinion of land-sea bio-polarity opposition and the contiguous nation against each other,the new global geopolitical structure on the era of globalism should be the land-sea bio-polarity associated and tend to cooperate in the regional structure,which need more positive function reference.In other words,the function that new structure grants either should be regarded conflicted and competed which Hobbs described,nor should be super-national cooperated of Cosmopolitanism,but cooperate Given priority to body with sovereignty which Grotius believed

经济全球化的飞速发展使地缘政治理论的海陆两分结构和毗邻国家为敌的区域结构逐渐失去解释力,传统理论对海陆两极差异性和区域内国家关系的悲观解释随着全球化和相互依赖进程的发展呈现出逐渐消解的状态,这使地缘因素中的合作倾向得以释放和发展。全球化时代需要新的地缘政治结构模式,这种理论应该否定以往地缘政治学中的冲突性观念,谋求在联合性的地缘政治观念主导下构建以合作与联合为主题的地缘政治研究模式。这种模式体现在全球层面上是海陆联合的地缘政治结构,在区域层次上则是区域内与区域间的合作与联合。虽然国际政治现实中还存在着许多争斗的现象,但是合作的趋势应该是未来的主流。

<正>8月21日,也就是金正日率团访问俄罗斯的第二天,朝鲜中央通讯社公开了朝鲜代表团的名单。大量经济干部随行,进一步验证了外界对金正日此次访俄目的的推测——朝俄经贸合作将成为与地区安全并重的议题,出现在金正日

自新地缘政治学复兴以来,中西方学者从不同视角对地缘政治学做总体的评价和研究,意在尝试建构新型理论模式来重新焕发它的生命力,但是地缘政治学并没有实现本质的进步,也没有在理论上形成潮流,只是在原有基础上静静的重复和翻新.而实际上造成地缘政治学低迷状态的本质原因来自于冲突性的地缘政治观念,为了使地缘政治学在新时代下得到新的发展,就必须用一种全新的思维模式去分析问题,探求以联合性的地缘政治观念的和平与合作思想为指导去建构地缘政治理论,这是地缘政治学获得生命力的重要途径.

徐沛东在借鉴欧洲作曲技法的同时,汲取了丰富的民族民间音乐素材,以其特有的敏锐力,把创作与时代紧密结合,极大地推动了中国新时期歌曲创作的繁荣与发展.因此,作为一名新时期高校声乐教育工作者,无论是在声乐表演中,还是在声乐教学过程中,走进徐沛东、熟悉徐沛东的歌曲作品是探寻徐沛东声乐作品创作特点、演唱特点和欣赏特点的第一步.

对和谐世界理念进行地缘政治解读,其出发点是从地缘政治理论的总体特征视角入手,分析和谐世界理念与传统地缘政治学在指导观念上的根本不同之处。在冲突性价值观的指导下,传统地缘政治学在理论的发展过程中体现出三个总体特征,这些特征体现为对抗冲突的理论内核、对控制力的追求、大国中心的世界秩序等。而和谐世界理念则体现出与传统地缘政治学不同的思想内涵,其理论内核是"和平、发展、合作",强调互利共赢的权力目标与共有平等的和谐世界秩序。从地缘政治学的视角看,这是一种联合性的地缘政治观念,是对西方地缘政治理论的超越与发展。

The paper analyzes the geopolitical features and strategic position of Central Asia as well as the development and changes in this region after the cold war, and it also presents the significance of the region to China′s security and development. Then, the paper highlights China′s own principles and approaches of its strategy toward Central Asia under the guidance of the idea of harmonious world. Such strategy aims to achieve the common goal of security, development and prosperity of China and Central Asia countries, rather than seek dominance over this region. To reach this goal, the major effort must be applied to strengthen the cooperation between China and Central Asian countries, particularly the institutional cooperation within the framework of Shanghai Cooperation Organization. At the same time, it is necessary to coordinate the relationship between China and other relevant great powers in the world.

In realism tradition,many scholars have different interpretations on power conception in which the view of control ability and the view of material resources are main notions.The two notions actually embody different choices on constructing their theories.At the same time,to countering the power conception,other schools of international relation theory have criticism on realism and have different interpretations.This article tries to deepen cognition on this question and upholds realistic basic power view upon contrasting power conception among different schools of international relation theory.