为开发一款生物安全性高、力学性能优异且防粘连作用佳的腹腔镜术后防粘连膜,利用静电纺丝技术,将壳聚糖(CS)和聚己内酯(PCL)按不同质量比共混纺丝,对所得共混纤维膜的表观形貌、力学性能、浸润性及防细胞黏附性进行测试与分析.结果表明:随着 CS 质量分数的增大,共混纤维膜的可纺性大幅下降,并且CS质量分数超过 40％时纤维均匀性变差,纤维膜的结晶度先增大后减小,拉伸强度、弹性模量、弯曲刚度增大,断裂伸长率减小;相比纯PCL纤维膜,CS/PCL共混纤维膜的浸润性得到明显改善,对成纤维细胞的黏附能力减弱,防粘连性能优异.综合考量材料成本、可纺性、力学性能及防粘连效果,认为 CS 质量分数为 30％的共混纤维膜在腹腔镜术后防粘连领域的潜在应用价值最大.

从中国传统文化角度出发,将具有纺纱特色的劳动教育融入"纺纱学"课程教学,改革"纺纱学"课程内容,建立劳动教育、课堂教学、实验实践"三位一体"的"纺纱学"课程体系.先通过劳动实践让学生接触纺纱流程,进而再在课堂讲授专业知识,符合知识学习由浅入深的客观规律,有助于纺织专业的学生更好地掌握"纺纱学"专业知识.

为提高胶体金免疫诊断产品对氯霉素(chloramphenicol,CAP)检测的灵敏度,利用静电纺丝技术制备纳米纤维膜替代硝酸纤维素(nitrocellulose,NC)膜作为层析材料,通过调控静电纺丝工艺参数,制备了不同质量分数的乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer,EVOH)纳米纤维膜作为蛋白承载体,并采用N,N'-二琥珀酰亚胺基碳酸酯(N,N'-disuccinimidyl carbonate,DSC)对其进行改性处理,分析改性处理前后不同质量分数 EVOH 纳米纤维膜的表面形貌、力学性能、蛋白吸附性能、芯吸性能的差异和变化规律.优选出一款综合性能良好的 EVOH 纳米纤维膜,将其组装成试纸条后对 CAP 进行检测.研究结果表明,EVOH 纳米纤维膜是一种韧性材料,经DSC改性处理后,EVOH 纳米纤维膜由疏水转变为亲水,蛋白吸附量较商用 NC膜有大幅度提高.其中,质量分数为 8％的 EVOH 纳米纤维膜的蛋白吸附量高达 198.7 μg/cm2,组装成试纸条后可实现对质量浓度为 0.1 ng/mL的CAP的快速检测.采用静电纺丝技术和简单的改性处理工艺,即可制备出芯吸性能和蛋白吸附性能良好的纳米纤维膜,这有助于推进纳米纤维在胶体金免疫诊断领域的应用.

脱脂棉纱布是临床上应用最广泛的伤口敷料,但其生物活性缺乏、功能单一,难以有效促进伤口愈合.为提升脱脂棉纱布促进伤口愈合性能,对棉纱布进行导电改性,采用电泳沉积的方法在其表面构建了壳聚糖(chitosan,CS)水凝胶涂层,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TGA)对材料的形貌结构和物化性能进行了表征,揭示了电泳沉积参数对壳聚糖电泳沉积行为的影响.研究结果表明,通过沉积工艺参数(电压、沉积时间、电解液中NaCl浓度)可以调控CS水凝胶的沉积过程,进而影响纱布表面水凝胶的孔隙结构、溶胀和亲疏水性质,因此棉纱布改性对其应用性能的提高具有重要意义.

以40 D氨纶为芯纱、70 D锦纶为包覆纱,针对功能压力服装的织物地组织用包覆纱设计了不同的成型工艺参数,分析了不同结构特征下包覆纱的拉伸性能,利用正交试验探讨了包覆工艺中的主要影响因素:内层包覆纱捻度(内捻度)、内外层包覆纱捻度比(内外捻度比)和氨纶牵伸倍数对成纱性能的影响.试验结果表明:纱线弹性回复率随包覆纱捻度的增大而增大,应力松弛率随包覆纱捻度的增大而减小;影响纱线弹性伸长的因素依次为:内捻度＞内外捻度比＞牵伸倍数;优化内捻度为1600捻/m,内外捻度比为70％,牵伸倍数为2.6,此时,压力织物地组织用包覆纱的拉伸弹性最好.

针对人工韧带在体内出现拉伸扭转导致移植失效的问题,设计了一种人工韧带拉伸扭转疲劳测试装置,该装置由计算机、织物强力仪、力学传感器、上夹持装置和模拟人体前交叉韧带剪切载荷受力的扭转疲劳装置组件构成,使用自制的两种编织结构人工韧带进行拉伸扭转疲劳测试以验证装置的可行性.结果表明,人工韧带在历经疲劳加载后表观形态发生部分变化,其中由扭转剪切载荷引起的纤维脱散可能引发术后并发症,此外人工韧带的拉伸和弹性回复性能亦有一定的损失.该装置具有较好的仿真性和测试稳定性,可为人工韧带的研发、产业化及临床使用提供指导.

The rise and spread of antimicrobial resistance is creating an ever greater challenge in wound management. Nanofibrous membranes (NFMs) incorporated with antibiotics have been widely used to remedy bacterial wound infections owing to their versatile features. However, misuse of antibiotics has resulted in drug resistance, and it remains a significant challenge to achieve both high antibacterial efficiency and without causing bacterial resistance. Here, the ‘MOF-first’ strategy was adopted, the porphyrinic metal-organic frameworks nanoparticles (PCN−224 NPs) were pre-synthesized first, and then the composite antibacterial PCN−224 NPs @ poly (ε-caprolactone) (PM) NFMs were fabricated via a facile co-electrospinning technology. This strategy allows large amounts of effective MOFs to be integrated into nanofibers to effectively eliminate bacteria without bacterial resistance and to realize a relatively fast production rate. Upon visible light (630 nm) irradiation for 30 min, the PM−25 NFMs have the best 1O2 generation performance, triggering remarkable photodynamic antibacterial effects against both S. aureus, MRSA, and E. coli bacteria with survival rates of 0.13%, 1.91%, and 2.06% respectively. Considering the photodynamic antibacterial performance of the composite nanofibrous membranes functionalized by porphyrinic MOFs, this simple approach may provide a feasible way to use MOF materials and biological materials to construct wound dressing with the versatility to serve as an antibacterial strategy in order to prevent bacterial resistance.

针对人工韧带在膝关节腔内复杂力学环境作用下出现移植失效的问题,研制了一种人工韧带疲劳测试装置,由拉伸运动模块、扭转运动模块、屈曲运动模块和恒温液体回流系统组成.通过筛选人体正常行走过程中拉伸位移、扭转角度及屈曲角度等参数对人工韧带试样进行疲劳测试以及耐疲劳性能评价.结果表明:纤维和纱线之间的相互摩擦损伤是人工韧带试样的主要疲劳损伤模式,其拉伸断裂性能在疲劳测试后有一定的损失,归一化的拉伸模量随时间以指数函数形式下降;试样中各条大分子链在疲劳测试过程中会受到拉、压、扭、弯等一系列多个方向载荷的共同破坏作用,最终导致结晶度下降.

吻合口加固修补组件能够将加固补片平整地覆盖在修补组织上,为组织提供足够的强度,从而防止手术后吻合口并发症的发生.对加固修补组件外侧支撑用的纺织基背衬面料的缝合工艺进行优化,对缝合线进行筛选.最终确定采用4-0型聚酯缝合线、TV×7工业缝纫机针11号针、线迹密度4.58针/(2 cm)、压脚压力1.1档位作为组件缝制工艺.通过缝合将背衬面料与补片复合成加固组件,采用体外肠漏液试验对优化缝合工艺后的加固组件的防渗漏性能进行评价.试验结果显示,优化缝合工艺后的加固修补组件可以起到良好的防漏液效果.

背景:电加工技术拓宽了生物医用材料的结构、性能及应用,通过优选材料和调控结构可构建出更符合人体生理环境的组织工程支架材料,对推动组织工程和再生医学具有重大意义.目的:综述电加工技术在组织工程中的研究进展.方法:以“tissue engineering scaffold, electrodeposition, electrofabrication, electrogelation, bioprinting, biomedical materials,biopolymers”等为英文检索词,检索Web of Science核心合集、MEDLINE等数据库,根据纳入与排除标准对文章进行筛选后保留相关性较高的文章进行综述.结果 与结论:电加工技术可以通过精确的空间、时间和定量控制来施加电信号,调控材料孔隙或分层结构,从而快速可控地构建具有复杂微观结构的功能化组织工程支架,且制备过程不引入有机溶剂或其他生物毒性物质.尽管电加工方法在生物材料制备领域有了众多研究成果,但对于电加工参数如何影响材料结构和沉积动力学等方面的研究较少,仍需要进一步的理论和建模工作来深入理解电加工所涉及的机制.

为探究不同结构编织人工韧带试样在人体正常步态中受到复合载荷加载时的应力分布以及摩擦损耗情况,使用有限元分析法进行数值模拟,基于纱线在空间中的螺旋轨迹以及交织规律,采用MatLab计算空间离散坐标点,并导入至Solidworks中建立试样三维模型.在ABAQUS中赋予试样材料属性、边界条件和接触摩擦属性,最后计算有限单元解.结果表明:有限元模拟曲线和实际测试曲线具有较高的一致性;施加外部载荷时,规则编织试样应力在2个方向的纱线上分布较为均匀,而三向编织试样应力主要集中于轴纱,且需要抵抗更多纱线之间的摩擦作用.该研究可为人工韧带的优化设计提供理论参考.

采用聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)乳液对聚酰亚胺纤维(P84)/超细玻璃纤维复合针刺滤料进行表面改性,以提高滤料的过滤性能和力学性能.研究不同质量分数PTFE乳液对P84/超细玻璃纤维复合针刺滤料各项性能的影响.结果 表明:随着PTFE乳液质量分数的提高,P84/超细玻璃纤维复合针刺滤料的孔径分布趋向于正态分布且区域变窄,孔隙分布更加均匀;透气率略有下降;过滤效率明显增加,过滤阻力小幅度增加,综合品质因子增大;断裂强力提高,但断裂伸长率增加不明显.综合考虑PTFE乳液改性的P84/超细玻璃纤维复合针刺滤料的过滤性能、生产成本及使用寿命等因素,用于改性处理的PTFE乳液质量分数应低于14％,以保证过滤阻力在限值50.00 Pa以内.

为研究用于医用敷料的柔性金属电极的制备可行性和安全性,以涤纶非织造布为基布,通过丝网印刷技术,制备以锌为负电极、银为正电极的柔性微电流生物医用敷料.探讨了电极制备过程中的分散剂种类、分散剂含量及黏合剂含量对金属电极电学性能的影响,并分析了金属电极可能引起的细胞毒性问题.实验结果表明:丝网印刷技术能在基布表面均匀地负载锌、银微纳米颗粒;1％的羧甲基纤维素钠和0.5％的吐温-80分别作为锌、银颗粒的分散剂,能使金属颗粒具有良好的分散性;5％和15％的水性丙烯酸乳液分别作为锌、银金属电极的黏合剂,可使电极具有优良的电性能;当金属质量分数为0.5％～1.0％时,金属电极表现出良好的细胞相容性,可作为生物医用敷料为伤口提供外源性微电流.

选用PPDO(polydioxanone)、PGCL(poliglecaprone)和PGLA(polyglactin)3种可吸收聚酯纤维材料,设计制备一种高强度、多组分、核壳结构的全可吸收人工韧带,通过探究3种材料的组分配比和编织结构对人工韧带试样力学性能及降解性能的影响,优选高强度、耐疲劳、降解可控的人工韧带.结果表明:编织结构为核层6股编织纱的人工韧带具有最优的断裂强度、弹性模量与弹性回复率;当PPDO、PGCL与PGLA组分配比为6:4:2与4:6:2时,试样的断裂强度分别为(110.88±2.08)和(102.97±2.70)MPa,弹性模量分别为(116.37±2.85)和(114.01±6.05)MPa,均优于人自体前交叉韧带;循环拉伸疲劳后断裂强度分别下降7.81％与4.15％,显著优于人自体前交叉韧带.对优选的人工韧带试样进行体外加速降解试验和细胞毒性试验,结果表明,在体外50 ℃加速条件下,12?36 d(近似体内8?24周)内PGCL与PGLA逐渐降解,降解速率与组织再生速率(6?24周)基本匹配,可为自体组织长入提供空间,并且所制备的人工韧带均具有良好的细胞相容性.

There is an urgent need to reduce the environmental impacts of wool fabrics dyeing process while maintain its dyeing effects. Microcapsule technology is a potential option which could be used to move towards cleaner production process and to cope with ever-increasing demands for wool fiber dyeing efficiency. Reactive dyestuff microcapsules were prepared via reverse-phase evaporation methods and then auxiliary-free dye microcapsules were used to dye the wool fabrics. Transmission electron microscope images and fourier transform infrared showed that dye microcapsules possessed a spherical core–shell structure with a diameter of about 500 ± 5 nm. The processing factors were analyzed and optimized by using response surface methodology to improve the encapsulation rate. Higher fixation rate (80.13% vs. 72.03%) of dyed wool fabric, while lower absorbance of dyestuff (0.071 vs. 0.96), chemical oxygen demand (COD, 190 mg/L vs. 1395 mg/L) and biological oxygen demand (BOD5, 83.5 mg/L vs. 649.3 mg/L) of residual wastewater were observed by using microcapsule dyeing, compared with conventional dyeing process. In addition, the results also demonstrated that the filtrated wastewater of microcapsule dyeing can be recycled as dyebath to replace distill water. Thus, we innovatively produced a novel dye microcapsule for wool fabric dyeing application, advancing greatly in reducing the discharge of contaminants to environment, but also in economizing water and energy resources.

常规覆膜支架的原位开窗术是临床上治疗突发性复杂主动脉瘤的主要手段之一.然而,常规覆膜支架在原位开窗后,由于球囊扩张后织物覆膜的撕裂、稳定性差等原因,极易发生内漏,造成覆膜支架体内失效.本研究拟设计并制备一种具有梯度化结构的原位开窗用织物覆膜,包括基础区、加固区和开窗区,旨在加强开窗区边缘的抗撕裂能力.结果 表明,具有梯度化结构原位开窗用织物覆膜的壁厚小于0.14 mm,水渗透性低于300 mL/min/cm2,平纹-方平-斜纹试样的周向拉伸断裂强度高于商用样Anaconda(11.10 N/mm),顶破强度基本低于商用样Anaconda,基本满足覆膜支架织物覆膜的结构与力学性能要求.加固区的抗撕裂强力优于开窗区,可有效提高织物覆膜加固区的抗撕裂性能.单股纬纱型平纹-方平-斜纹试样的力学性能较好,且织物各向异性较小,更适合作为原位开窗用织物覆膜,但其远期耐久性能仍需进一步研究.

In this study, an explanted ventral hernia mesh was set to analyze the interaction between mesh and tissue in human body and the reasons of hernia recurrence via comparing the changes of physicochemical properties, as well as histopathology analyzing before and after implantation. Our research suggested that most of the human ventral tissue grew on the surface of polypropylene (PP) fibers side. As for silicone side, tissue only grew into the holes of mesh and formed partial adhesions. The mesh -tissue interaction made the mesh shrank rate up to 49. 89％. After the removal of human tissue, further SEM characterization showed that there were many irregular and horizontalcracks on the surface of explanted PP fibers, but the silicone side maintained pristine structure. Moreover, the results of DSC and TGA showed that the thermal stability of PP fibers reduced. The carbonyl peaks representing the oxidation of the polypropylene fibers were not shown in the ATR -FTIR results, which meant that the chemical stability of silicone was good. Histopathological analysis showed that some inflammatory cells appeared around the polypropylene fibers, but the overall inflammation was not serious. The results indicated the main reasons of the hernia recurrence, including the degradation of PP fibers, the adhesions of silicone side holes, and the severe mesh shrink. Meanwhile, the results suggest that as for the meshes, there should be less holes and smaller hole aperture, as well as bigger fibers spacing.

The properties of a new alumina fiber prepared by the sol-gel method were tested and analyzed, including the morphology, physical properties and chemical resistance of fibers.The advantages and disadvantages of the fibers were obtained in order to provide the theoretical basis for the improvement of the fiber properties and the development of the fiber products.

探究了卵磷脂染色和微球染色的染色性能,并分析出大豆卵磷脂以及微胶囊技术在羊毛染色中的优势所在,为进一步优化微胶囊染色工艺奠定基础.制备出大豆卵磷脂和染料含量相等的卵磷脂染液和微球染液,并依照工艺条件对羊毛织物进行染色,同时对上染百分率、染料结合效果、固色效率、固色率以及染色残液吸光度进行分析和比较.结果表明,采用大豆卵磷脂作为壁材,并使用微胶囊染色技术,能够加强染料与羊毛的结合效果,提升染色的固色效率及固色率.虽然会导致上染百分率的降低,但染色残液只需经过简单的过滤处理,就能过滤掉残液中绝大部分染料,具有环保效果.大豆卵磷脂以及微胶囊染色技术能够很好的应用在羊毛染色中.

覆膜支架织物覆膜的失效主要是由Z形金属支架尖端对周围织物覆膜的反复磨损所引起.拟设计并制备一种具有局部耐久结构的覆膜支架织物覆膜,并从结构(织物密度、壁厚和水渗透性)、力学性能(管状织物径向拉伸和顶破)及体外加速疲劳模拟实验三方面研究组织结构和纬向密度对织物覆膜结构与性能的影响.结果表明,具有局部耐久结构的织物壁厚低于0.15 mm,水渗透性低于15 mL/min/cm2,显著低于商用样及对照样;织物纬密较高,尤其是试样A,纬密在7～8根/mm之间.径向拉伸断裂强度平均12.3 N/mm,与商用样接近;顶破强度平均27.3 N/mm2,显著优于商用样,表明基本满足覆膜支架织物覆膜的结构与力学性能要求;具有局部耐久结构的织物覆膜出现零破损,表明局部耐久结构的联合组织可有效遏制织物覆膜的磨损,但长期耐久性能仍需进一步研究.