Background: The global transcriptome reprogramming in grapevines in response to powdery mildew remains poorly understood, despite its economic implications, especially the new cultivars. Methods: Thus, this study aimed to elucidate these changes through RNA sequencing in 'Yeniang No. 2' grapevine leaves infected with powdery mildew compared to healthy ones. Results: A total of six samples were subjected to transcriptome sequencing, resulting in 36.85 Gb of clean data. A minimum of 5.89 Gb of clean data was generated for each sample, with at least 92.24% of the clean data attaining a quality score of Q30. Clean reads from each sample were aligned to the designated reference genome. The mapping ratio varied between 88.77% and 89.66%. The high-quality sequencing data revealed 1219 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which the infection upregulated 790 and downregulated 429. Functional enrichment analyses revealed a significant activation of key defense-related pathways. These included plant-pathogen interaction, phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis for creating antimicrobial compounds, glutathione metabolism for reducing oxidative stress, and oxidative phosphorylation for enhanced energy production. This indicates a coordinated, multi-faceted defense strategy. The study also uncovered a complex layer of post-transcriptional regulation, identifying 1883 novel genes and 22,210 alternative splicing events, primarily skipped exons and intron retention. Key hub proteins identified within interaction networks, along with these splicing changes, underscore a sophisticated defense involving transcriptional reprogramming and metabolic shifts. Conclusions: The genes and molecular markers discovered are valuable resources for marker-assisted breeding. Leveraging these findings, particularly hub genes and favorable splice variants, can accelerate the development of new grapevine cultivars with durable resistance to powdery mildew.

Grapevine is one of the most economically important fruit crops cultivated worldwide. In recent decades, the increasing frequency and intensity of high temperature (HT) events have posed significant challenges to viticulture. However, previous researches have mostly focused on heat-sensitive cultivars response to HT, and were conducted in artificially controlled growth chamber, which limited deep understanding of thermotolerance mechanism of grape. In this study, we conducted physiological and transcriptomic analyses of berries and leaves at different development stages in 'Guipu No.1' (GP, a hybrid of wild V. quinquangularis and V. vinifera, heat tolerant) and 'Cabernet Sauvignon' (CS, a cultivar from V. vinifera, heat sensitive) grapevines exposed to natural subtropical HT. Under HT conditions, GP maintained higher total anthocyanins content and photosynthetic capacity compared to CS. Differential expression was observed in genes involved in both the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis, as well as in structural genes and transcript factors associated with anthocyanins biosynthesis. Notably, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum emerged as a key biological process potentially underlying thermotolerance differences. Based on the above results, we also identified and characterized a class B Heat Shock Factor, HSFB3, which was significantly up-regulated in GP but not in CS under HT. The GP-derived VqHSFB3 and CS-derived VvHSFB3 differed by only one amino acid and exhibited similar transcriptional repression activity. Overexpression of HSFB3 in grapevines indicated that it acts as a negative regulator of thermotolerance. Together, these findings provide new insights into the molecular and physiological basis of grapevine thermotolerance and offer potential targets for breeding heat-tolerant cultivars.

[Objective]In recent years,with the promotion of rain-shelter cultivation and double cropping techniques,grape production in hot zones has achieved off-season and high-efficiency production.However,hot-region grapes face problems such as poor flower bud differentiation,uneven germination,and"flower running",which are the main constraints on stable and high-quality production.This study aims to systematically investigate and evaluate the inflorescence attachment characteristics and development quality of 98 grape germplasms in hot zones Guangxi,clarify the adaptability differences among different germplasms in hot zones,and provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for variety breeding and production management.[Method]This study investigated and evaluated the germination rate,flower bud rate,shoot formation rate,number of inflorescences per shoot,inflorescence attachment node,inflorescence type and quality of 98 grape germplasms in hot zones Guangxi for two consecutive years,covering European,American,and European-American hybrids.It deeply analyzed the quality differences and patterns among different varieties and inflorescence attachment nodes.[Result]Under the treatment of hydrogen cyanamide,all 98 germplasms could germinate and form shoots smoothly,among which 92 varieties could form normal inflorescences.The average germination rate was 90.42％,the shoot formation rate was 92.13％,the flower bud rate was about 61.06％,and the average number of inflorescences per shoot was 1.67.However,abnormal inflorescences were quite prominent,with a total proportion of 40.56％.This study classified abnormal inflorescences into three major types:tendrils type,differentiation cessation type and trophic tissue type.Among them,the tendril type was the most common,further divided into one to five tendril types,and all investigated varieties had two tendrils type inflorescences;the differentiation cessation type included single head type(only scales or death point),tendrils death point type,and branch death point type;the trophic tissue type included branch tendril and leaf tendril types.Shine Muscat showed all abnormal types and were representative materials of high sensitivity.Among the 8 investigated nodes,the inflorescence attachment was most concentrated at the 3rd and 4th nodes,accounting for 27.99％and 27.06％of the total inflorescences,respectively.The abnormal inflorescence rate at the 3rd node was the lowest,only 17.22％.Further population analysis indicated that V vinifera L.×V.labrusca L.had higher flower bud rates(68.60％),more inflorescences per shoot(about 1.8),and higher normal inflorescence rates than V vinifera(flower bud rate 46.59％).Moreover,varieties with high germination rates,flower bud rates,and shoot formation rates had more inflorescences per shoot and significantly lower abnormal inflorescence rates.[Conclusion]The attachment node of inflorescences significantly affects their quality performance.Among them,the middle nodes,especially the 3rd node,had the lowest abnormal inflorescence rate.Therefore,in production,for varieties prone to abnormal inflorescences,it is recommended to prioritize the retention of inflorescences at the 3rd node.Varieties with high germination rates,flower bud rates,and shoot formation rates and more inflorescences per shoot are more likely to obtain normal and high-quality inflorescences.Different grape populations show significant differences in inflorescence development and abnormal occurrence.V vinifera L.×V.labrusca L.perform better in hot zones,with higher flower bud rates and normal inflorescence proportions.They are recommended as the preferred germplasm resources for cultivation in hot zones.

Winter berries accumulated more free volatile compounds than summer berries, and C6 volatile compounds were the main contributors to free volatile compounds. The volatile composition of grapes and wines is important in viticulture, since their aroma is one of the most important determinants of grape fruit quality. The aroma and general quality of grape fruit are influenced by the production of volatile compounds primarily influenced by crop management. In this study, the free and bound volatile compounds were determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), along with the transcriptomic analysis using Shine Muscat grape (Vitis labruscana Baily × V. vinifera L.) of summer and winter berries under two-crop-a-year cultivation in Guangxi. The findings demonstrated that phenols, terpenoids, and alcohols were the main bound volatile compounds in fruits from both seasons, whereas aldehydes, terpenoids, and alcohols were the leading free volatile compounds. Free volatile compound concentrations were substantially higher in winter than summer berries, but bound volatile compound concentrations were much lower. Specifically, the concentrations/constitution of free C6 volatile compounds showed a significant difference between the two seasons and highly correlated with the transcription of three genes involved in the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway. Winter berries had a higher concentration of aldehydes, which might be ascribed to the higher expression of VvLOXA (VIT_06s0004g01510) and VvHPL1 (VIT_12s0059g01060) genes, while the higher concentration of alcohols in summer berries might be due to the higher expression of alcohol dehydrogenase (VvADH1, VIT_18s0001g15410). Furthermore, two VvBGLU genes (VIT_05s0077g01150, VIT_01s0011g00760) were supposed to regulate the enzymatic hydrolysis of glycoside-bound compounds in grapes. Three transcription factors including MYB60, MYBA1, and GATA16 were highly correlated with VvADH1, and they might play an important role in grape C6 alcohol biosynthesis. The findings may help to reveal a transcriptional regulation network of volatile compounds biosynthetic in grapes and to develop efficient cultivation practices.

Abstract Background: Aroma components play a crucial role in grape quality formation, and diverse cultivation environments significantly impact grape aroma metabolism. This study aims to explore the differences in aroma metabolism in Shine Muscat grapes under summer and winter growth conditions in Guangxi, utilizing HS-SPME-GC-MS for aroma component measurement at different developmental stages. Omics analysis is combined to elucidate the changes in aroma components. Results: In both summer and winter, the predominant free aroma components of grape fruits were aldehydes, terpenes, and alcohols, while bound aroma components were mainly phenols, alcohols, and terpenes. Winter fruits exhibited significantly higher total free aroma content and monomeric compound content compared to summer. Specifically, the concentration of (E)-2-hexenal was higher in winter fruits, whereas (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol showed the opposite trend. Transcriptome and qPCR results indicated that changes in C6 compounds in Shine Muscat grapes were consistent with VvLOXA, VvHPL1, and VvADH1. The differential expression of VvLOXA or VvADH1 in winter fruit may explain the higher concentration of (E)-2-hexenal or lower content of (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol in Shine Muscat grapes during winter. Conclusions: This study reveals significant differences in the aroma metabolism of Shine Muscat grapes between summer and winter seasons, providing a foundation for regulating aroma accumulation through temperature and water control in production.

为探究"夏黑""阳光玫瑰"葡萄在摘心处理后对叶片光合和叶绿素荧光特性的响应,为这两个葡萄品种的栽培研究提供理论依据,以当年生"夏黑""阳光玫瑰"葡萄单株盆栽苗为试验材料,采用顶芽摘心技术进行改善植株光合效率的试验,以不摘心为对照,测定摘心20～21d后标记叶的光合参数和叶绿素荧光参数.结果表明,摘心后,"夏黑""阳光玫瑰"葡萄的净光合速率(Pn)均显著增加,分别比对照增加16.8％、35.7％;气孔导度(Gs)分别比对照增加31.7％、14.2％;胞间CO2浓度(Ci)分别比对照提高8.6％、5.3％;蒸腾速率(Tr)分别比对照提高12.6％、39.8％;摘心后水蒸气压亏缺(VPD)分别比对照降低26.3％、23.6％.摘心有助于提高葡萄叶片的Pn、Gs、Ci、Tr,降低葡萄叶片的VPD.摘心后,两种葡萄叶片的初始荧光(F0)降低,热耗散量子比率(F0/Fm)显著低于对照4.34％、3.66％,而光系统Ⅱ最大光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)分别显著高于对照处理0.93％、0.87％.光合参数Ci、Gs、VPD、Pn、Tr、WUE相互之间存在极显著相关性,叶绿素荧光参数F0、Fm、F0/Fm、Fv/Fm相互存在极显著相关性,但光合参数中只有VPD、Pn、Tr与叶绿素荧光参数显著相关.

针对'阳光玫瑰'葡萄发生老叶、新叶皱缩,叶片边缘褪色坏死的不正常现象,开展了田间调查与室内分析研究.结果表明:发生该症状的葡萄叶柄硼浓度为229.96 mg/kg,显著超过硼中毒标准,判断症状为硼过量导致.高硼浓度对'阳光玫瑰'葡萄的果实性状具有显著的负面影响,表现为果粒纵径、横径及单粒重显著减少,从而使单穗重显著降低.因此,葡萄生产上如需补充硼素营养,应先在检测葡萄叶柄硼含量的基础上科学合理补施,以叶面喷施为主,以防硼过量导致葡萄硼中毒.

The establishment and application of a two-crop-a-year cultivation system depends on the particularity of climatic conditions in subtropical regions. The different temperature, light, and water conditions throughout the growing season of summer and winter grapes are the fundamental reasons for differences in primary and secondary metabolites. We performed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-QQQ-MS)-based metabolomics on ‘Kyoho’ grapes under a two-crop-a-year cultivation system. In total, 1062 metabolites were identified and classified into 10 different categories, while flavonoids were the largest group, with 285 metabolites. Moreover, 876 metabolites were different among the four developmental stages, and 551 were different between the summer and winter grapes during the same growth period. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) clearly distinguished developmental and growth-season differences based on the detected metabolites. Of note, flavonoids were the most important compounds responsible for the differences in berry composition during the growth and developmental seasons. The content of most flavonoids was higher in the winter grapes, but some were also found at higher levels in summer grapes, such as kaempferol-4′-O-glucoside, leucocyanidin, and cyanidin-3-O-glucosylglucoside. Additionally, myricetin-3-O-arabinoside was consistently higher in winter grapes than in summer grapes during all four developmental stages. The extreme high temperature and higher relative humidity were important reasons for the lower flavonoid content in the summer grapes than in the winter grapes. Moreover, the stronger light intensity in the early development of the winter grapes had a positive effect on the accumulation of flavonoids, especially flavonols and flavan-3-ols. This study provides new insights into the metabolism of flavonoids in grapes under a two-crop-a-year cultivation system and explores the climatic causes of the differences in the metabolites in the two crops of grapes.

对广西20个国家重点帮扶县科技支撑特色种养业发展情况进行调研,总结科技支撑广西国家乡村振兴重点帮扶县乡村特色种养业发展成效,认为科技支撑乡村振兴重点帮扶县特色种养业发展存在特色种养业分布散、规模小、层次低,企业带动能力不强,产业链条短,特色优势未能转换为经济优势,科技服务覆盖面窄、科技服务链条短,基层科技工作断层和边缘化现象严重,经营主体和劳动力素质有待提高等问题,提出应统一部署产业链、加强基层农技人才培育、引导社会资本重点支持帮扶县农业科技发展、加强重点帮扶县特色产业科技服务队伍建设、提高经营主体和劳动力素质等对策建议,以实现科技推动脱贫地区农业产业可持续发展,推动巩固和拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接.

以'阳光玫瑰'葡萄为试材,记录试验果园葡萄夏果生长季光照强度与时数,并分析其与气象部门提供的日照时数的差异,测定叶片不同物候期的光饱和点、光补偿点,分析光照时数和强度对净光合速率和产量的影响.结果表明,气象站观测以直射光为主记录的日照时数明显低于果园记录的光照时数,并且未完全包含葡萄可利用光照强度的日照时数.不同物候期的'阳光玫瑰'葡萄叶片光补偿点范围为22.43～49.77μmol·m-2·s-1,叶片光饱和点范围为1 108.07～1 303.01 μmol·m-2·s-1.葡萄产量与光补偿点以上的光照时数的关系更为密切,在光补偿点以上的光照时数1 524.1 h(2018年)和1 579.8 h(2019年)下,产量分别为13 701.9和17 774.9kg·hm-2,且平均可溶性固形物大于17 Brix°.建议在葡萄生产和品质评价中,在掌握品种叶片光饱和点和光补偿点的基础上,综合考虑葡萄生长发育周期中光照时数和光照强度的影响.

以3年生一年两收栽培的'阳光玫瑰'葡萄为试材,通过测定冬果采后第7天不同衰老程度叶片的光合作用参数,并在枝条基部第1至2节间处环割后对不同叶片衰老程度的枝梢进行13C同位素标记,分析冬果采后叶片光合同化物转运能力.结果表明,冬果采后第7天全绿叶片净光合速率为2.33μmol·m-2·s-1,吸收13C总量为17.296 mg,其中枝条13C含量为2.762 mg;半绿叶片净光合速率为0.2μmol·m-2·s-1,吸收13C总量为12.472 mg,其中枝条13C含量为2.330 mg;全黄叶片净光合速率为-2.51μmol·m-2·s-1,吸收13C总量为0.940 mg,其中枝条13C含量为0.112 mg.从以上结果得出,'阳光玫瑰'葡萄冬果采后的全黄叶片光合能力低下,且基本丧失向枝条转运光合同化物的能力,而全绿和半绿叶片仍具有向枝条转运光合同化物的能力.

为了充分利用广西及南方地区的温光资源,引种适合一年两收的无核、红色、具香味的葡萄新品种,本试验引进郑艳无核葡萄新品种在广西南宁种植,观察其植物学特性、物候期、生长结果习性、果实性状及抗病性等表现,并研究其一年两收栽培技术.经过4年的引种观察,郑艳无核葡萄在广西南宁可成功实现一年两收,表现为红色、无核、早熟、果穗中等、不易裂果、着色均匀、有香气、稳产等特点.4年引种观察期间,一茬果每667 m2产量最多为708.14 kg,二茬果每667 m2产量最多为578.02 kg;一茬果可溶性固形物含量最高为22.97％,二茬果可溶性固形物含量最高为23.71％;一茬果在6月中旬至月末果实完全成熟,二茬果在11月底至12月初果实完全成熟.郑艳无核葡萄在广西南宁引种表现优良,适合在广西南宁及气候类似地区在避雨条件下进行一年两收栽培.

为突破贫困地区农村产业发展瓶颈,深入实施脱贫攻坚和乡村振兴战略,发展特色产业,在广西桂东南地区引进种植经济效益较高的"阳光玫瑰"葡萄,采用小拱棚避雨栽培模式,并首次进行一年两收栽培试验示范.结果表明:该品种在桂东南地区种植,当年成形,第二年正常投产,并成功实现一年两收.第一季果产量15 000 kg/hm2以上,第二季果6 000 kg/hm2以上,平均售价20元/kg,效益42万元/hm2以上,比单种一季增收40％,经济效益显著提高,是农民脱贫致富的好产业,具有良好的发展前景.

为探究在广西葡萄一年两收栽培模式下,不同施肥水平对葡萄产量品质的影响.在不同的生育期对13年以上树龄的正常两收巨峰葡萄开展田间施肥试验,按照不同生育期葡萄营养需求设置5个不同肥料施用水平处理,分析不同处理对葡萄两季葡萄的产量和品质的影响,以期获得适宜的大量元素化肥施用量.结果表明:适量增施氮肥和钾肥有效提高双季葡萄的产量,但是过量则会降低葡萄的产量和品质;适当施用磷肥可以提高两季葡萄中可溶性糖,增加固酸比,过量施用磷肥也会降低葡萄的品质.在葡萄一年两收模式中,巨峰第一季葡萄667m2最佳施肥方案为施用尿素10～20kg,过磷酸钙30～45kg,硫酸钾肥30～40kg;第二季667m2最佳施肥方案为:尿素的为10kg左右,过磷酸钙7.5kg或者不施,硫酸钾15～20kg.

为明确'阳光玫瑰'葡萄上普遍出现的皱叶、花叶症状是否具有传染性,以及病毒侵染与症状表现间的关系,通过将表现皱叶、花叶症状的'阳光玫瑰'木质化枝段嫁接到脱毒后健康的'阳光玫瑰'葡萄植株上,观察嫁接植株症状表现情况.采用RT-P C R方法对采样植株进行葡萄卷叶伴随病毒1和3、葡萄斑点病毒、葡萄扇叶病毒、沙地葡萄茎痘相关病毒、葡萄病毒A、葡萄病毒B和灰比诺葡萄病毒检测.结果表明,皱叶、花叶症状可以通过嫁接途径传播,并且嫁接带有单一病毒的茎段即可引起症状表现,嫁接带有多种病毒的枝段症状表现更为明显.此外还发现,显现症状的植株并未检测出以上8种病毒,推测可能感染了其他病毒.综上,'阳光玫瑰'植株出现的皱叶、花叶症状是病毒所致,且具有传染性.

为了引进适宜广西中、南部区域一年两收种植的萌芽整齐无转色障碍的葡萄新品种,增加广西葡萄品种多样化.在广西南宁引进'瑞都科美'葡萄进行种植,观察其植物学特性、物候期、生长结果习性、果实性状及抗病性等表现,并研究其一年两收栽培技术.经过4年的引种观察,发现'瑞都科美'葡萄在广西南宁成功实现了一年两收,其果实绿色、植株萌芽整齐、早熟、果穗中等、香气浓郁、稳产、抗病性较强.一茬果在7月初完全成熟,可溶性固形物含量最高为18.33％,产量每667 m2最高为1045.47 kg;二茬果在12月底完全成熟,可溶性固形物含量最高为18.61％,产量每667 m2最高为985.55 kg.因此,'瑞都科美'葡萄在南宁引种表现优良,适合在广西南宁及气候类似地区避雨条件下进行一年两收栽培.

Grapevine is a popular cultivated fruit throughout the world and heat stress is one of the most serious threats to viticulture. However, transcriptional responses, such as molecular properties of photosynthesis and abscisic acid biosynthesis, metabolism and signal transduction pathway of grapevine to heat stress, are still poorly understood. In this study, RNA-seq was carried out for thermostabilized grapevine ‘Kyoho’ leaves. Results showed that 685 and 469 genes were commonly down-regulated and up-regulated at three sampling time-points. The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis was significantly enriched in up-regulated DEGs at 1 hpt and down-regulated DEGs at R24 hpt. Heat stress impaired the photosynthetic capacity of grapevine leaves, and there was a significant positive relationship between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance at short-term post-heat stress treatment, but the inhibition of HS on Pn was non-stomata limitation for a longer period. Photosystem (PS)Ⅱ was more sensitive to heat stress than PSⅠ, and PsbP, as well as Psb28, played important roles in response to heat stress. The abscisic acid (ABA) content in heat-stress-treated Kyoho plants was higher than that in the control at 1 hpt, but less in heat-stress-treated plants at 4 and R24 hpt, which was regulated by numerous genes involved in the ABA biosynthesis and catabolism pathways. These results help to understand the influence of heat stress on photosynthesis and ABA biosynthesis, metabolism and signal transduction pathway.

【Objective】3-year-old Shine Muscat grape under two-crop-a-year cultivation was used as the material to investigate the differences of physical and chemical indexes of basic quality, flavonoid components and contents between summer grape and winter grape, which would provide the theoretical basis for the quality control of Shine Muscat grape under two-crop-a-year cultivation.【Method】The climatic data, such as the sunshine duration, light intensity, temperature and rainfall during the whole growth period of Shine Muscat grape, were recorded. The physical and chemical indexes of basic quality in berries of summer and winter grapes of Shine Muscat were determined at the young fruit stage, expansion stage, softening stage, beginning maturity stage, and maturity stage, respectively. Meanwhile, the components and contents of flavonols and flavanols in the peel of summer and winter grapes of Shine Muscat grape were detected by LC-MS/MS.【Result】In terms of the climate factors, the summer grape of Shine Muscat displayed weak illumination and low temperature at early growth stage but strong illumination and high temperature at late growth stage of the whole developing period, while the winter grape was opposite. The average sunshine duration, average temperature and effective accumulated temperature in the growth period of summer grape were higher than those of winter grape, but the rainfall was lower than that of winter grape. The hydrothermal coefficient of summer grape was higher than that of winter grape from the beginning of maturity stage to maturity stage. In terms of the basic quality, the content of soluble solid of summer grape was significantly higher than that of winter grape at maturity stage, and the peel thickness of summer grape was significantly lower than that of winter grape. There was no significant difference in the single berry weight, fruit equatorial and longitudinal diameter and titratable acid content between summer and winter grape. In terms of the components and contents of flavonols, the content of total flavonols in peels of summer and winter grape showed a downward trend during the fruit developing stage. The content of total flavonols in different periods of summer grape was significantly higher than that of winter grape. The main flavonol in summer grape was quercetin-3-O-glucoside, while the main flavonol in winter grape was kaempferol-3-O-galactoside. In terms of the components and contents of flavanols, the content of total flavanols in summer and winter grape also showed a downward trend. The eight identical flavanols were detected in the peels of both summer and winter grape, and the main flavanols were catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin B1. The contents of total flavanols, catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin B1 in summer grape were significantly lower than those in winter grape during fruit development. The contents of gallic catechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, and procyanidin B2 at fruit maturation stage of summer grape were significantly higher than those of winter grape. The principal component analysis showed that there were differences in flavonols between summer and winter fruits. The regression analysis showed that catechin, quercetin-3-O-Glucoside and procyanidin B1 were the main components for distinguishing the flavonoids from summer and winter grapes.【Conclusion】In the study conducting year, the quality of summer grape of Shine Muscat was better than that of winter grape. During the whole grape developing stage, the content of total flavonols in summer grape was significantly higher than that in winter grape, while the content of total flavanols in summer grape was significantly lower than that in winter grape. The main components of flavonols were different between summer and winter grape of Shine Muscat, while the main components of flavanols were the same, namely catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin B1. The content of the main components of flavanols in winter grapes was significantly higher than that in summer grape, which might probably explained why the astringency taste of winter grape was stronger than that of summer grape. The differences in light and temperature during the growth period may be an important factor that caused the difference in the components and contents of summer and winter grapes of Shine Muscat.

The double cropping system has been widely applied in many subtropical viticultural regions. In the 2-year study of 2014–2015, four grape varieties were selected to analyze their fruit volatile compounds in four consecutive seasons in the Guangxi region of South China, which had a typical subtropical humid monsoon climate. Results showed that berries of winter seasons had higher concentrations of terpenes, norisoprenoids, and C6/C9 compounds in “Riesling,” “Victoria,” and “Muscat Hamburg” grapes in both of the two vintages. However, in the “Cabernet Sauvignon” grapes, only the berries of the 2014 winter season had higher terpene concentrations, but lower norisoprenoid concentrations than those of the corresponding summer season. The Pearson correlation analysis showed the high temperature was the main climate factor that affected volatile compounds between the summer and winter seasons. Hexanal, γ-terpinene, terpinen-4-ol, cis-furan linalool oxide, and trans-pyran linalool oxide were all negatively correlated with the high-temperature hours in all of the four varieties. Transcriptome analysis showed that the upregulated VviDXSs, VviPSYs, and VviCCDs expressions might contribute to the accumulations of terpenes or norisoprenoids in the winter berries of these varieties. Our results provided insights into how climate parameters affected grape volatiles under the double cropping system, which might improve the understanding of the grape berries in response to the climate changes accompanied by extreme weather conditions in the future.

热区高温高湿的环境条件,使葡萄栽培中病虫害的发生更加严重.本文通过分析我国热区葡萄栽培面积较大的广西、云南产区的气候特征及不同栽培模式下病虫害危害特点,重点对危害较严重的霜霉病、白粉病、灰霉病、炭疽病、穗轴褐枯病、白腐病6种葡萄病害,及蓟马、红蜘蛛、斜纹夜蛾、根瘤蚜、蚧壳虫5种虫害的危害程度、发生规律以及相应的绿色防控措施进行了综述.同时,针对热区葡萄栽培存在的小气候环境多样、病虫害发生规律复杂多变的特点,提出树立绿色发展的防控理念、积极开展病虫害预报监测、构建绿色防控体系的观点,并提出相应的绿色防控措施和建议,为热区葡萄提质增效提供参考.