This study comprehensively characterized five representative Zigui navel orange cultivars regarding physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds, and volatiles. Quality indicators varied among navel orange cultivars (p < 0.05, η2 > 0.78) for all parameters. Newhall Orange (NO) exhibited superiority in content of protein, vitamin C, total soluble solids, soluble sugars, total phenolics, and total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. 14 characteristic quality indicators for Zigui navel oranges were identified through multivariate analyses (correlation analysis, HCA and OPLS-DA) and market-relevant parameters. These indicators were grouped into three principal components through PCA (KMO > 0.6 and Bartlett's test p < 0.05) with eigenvalues >1, accounting for 93.125% of the cumulative variance. A comprehensive quality score was calculated for each cultivar by weighted summation of the standardized values of these 14 indicators, with NO demonstrating the highest score. These findings provide theoretical guidance for nutritional evaluation and processing applications of Zigui navel oranges.

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are becoming a global issue due to the emergence of superbugs. However, the impact of elevated CO2 (eCO2) on the soil antibiotic resistome remains largely unknown. Here, using a free-air CO2 enrichment platform, we employed high-throughput quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the effect of eCO2 (ambient + 200 ppm) on soil ARGs and bacterial communities in a paddy ecosystem at harvest. The results showed that eCO2 had no significant effect on rice biomass. A LEfSe analysis identified a clear taxonomic shift, with taxa such as c_Clostridia, g_Dehalobacter and g_Syntrophus being significantly enriched under eCO2. The total relative abundance of ARGs increased 1.5-fold under eCO2, driven by a 2.8-fold increase in multidrug resistance genes. The correlation and network analyses revealed that the proliferation of specific potential host bacteria was the primary driver of the observed ARG enrichment under eCO2. Together, this study offers new insights into the eCO2-driven alterations of soil antibiotic resistomes, highlighting the elevated dissemination potential of multidrug resistance genes within paddy ecosystems and their potential implications for food safety.

Abstract Monascus spp. are economically important filamentous fungi that have been utilized in the production of beneficial metabolites such as Monascus pigments and monacolin K, as well as in the brewing of some Asian fermented foods. The delimitation of Monascus species has traditionally relied on phenotypic traits; however, this morphological classification approach is susceptible to subjective judgments and variations in cultural conditions and also may not necessarily be related to the actual genetic relationship. Consequently, synonymy and misidentification frequently occur in Monascus taxonomy, highlighting the urgent need for a convenient and reliable classification system for this genus. In this study, a phylogenetic analysis of 82 representative Monascus strains, encompassing all previously recognized species of the genus, was conducted based on the concordance of five gene genealogies ( BenA , CaM , ITS , LSU , and RPB2 ) to clarify species delimitation and resolve phylogenetic relationships within Monascus . The results revealed that the genus Monascus is resolved into 11 species, which are clustered into two sections: Floridani (including M. argentinensis , M. flavipigmentosus , M. floridanus , M. lunisporas , M. mellicola , M. pallens , and M. recifensis ) and Rubri (including M. pilosus , M. purpureus , M. ruber , and M. sanguineus ). M. pilosus and M. sanguineus were reaffirmed as distinct species due to their well-supported and divergent phylogenetic lineages. Additionally, M. albidulus , M . anka , M. barkeri , and M. fumeus are synonymized with M. pilosus , while M. aurantiacus and M. rutilus are synonyms of M. purpureus. Finally, a comprehensive list of accepted Monascus species along with their corresponding barcode sequence data is provided.

This study investigated the effects of high-temperature (HT) storage on the quality of three indica rice varieties (Huang Huazhan, Quan You 607, and E Zhong 5). Changes in rice nutrients, gamma-oryzanol content, enzyme activities, oxidative stress, processing quality, and palatability were examined under HT storage. The results indicated that HT storage accelerated decline in peroxidase (POD) activity, palatability, and head rice recovery, but increased fatty acid value, and malondialdehyde content, meanwhile altering moisture and fat contents, lipase (LPS), and lipoxygenase (LOX) activities, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and gamma-oryzanol content. During HT storage, gamma-oryzanol and its four monomer contents exhibited a trend of first significant increase and then a decrease. Huang Huazhan and Quan You 607 varieties exhibited significant H2O2 accumulation from day 20 onward under HT. Correlation analysis revealed that temperature and storage time were key factors deteriorating rice quality. Mechanistically, elevated temperature and prolonged storage increased LOX and LPS activities, which accelerated lipid peroxidation and H2O2 accumulation, aggravated lipid oxidative damage, eventually led to grain quality deterioration. Additionally, HT-induced oxidative stress activated antioxidant defense mechanisms in rice grain, enhancing gamma-oryzanol biosynthesis, whereas POD activity decreased. These findings elucidated the adaptive mechanism of indica rice under HT storage stress.

A novel co-bonded octyl and pyridine silica (OPS) sorbent was prepared and applied for the solid phase extraction (SPE) of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA, a type of mycotoxin) in feed and agricultural products for the first time. A simple mixed-ligand one-pot reaction strategy was employed for OPS sorbent preparation. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements, elemental analysis (EI), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis demonstrated the successful immobilization of octyl and quaternary ammonium groups onto the surface of silica gel. The large specific surface area, high-density functional groups, and mixed-mode anion-exchange characteristics of these silica particles made them the ideal material for the efficient extraction of CPA. Additionally, the OPS sorbents displayed excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility, satisfactory reusability, and low cost. The SPE parameters were optimized to explore the ionic and hydrophobic interactions between CPA and the functional groups, and the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) parameters were optimized to obtain a desirable extraction efficiency and high sensitivity to CPA. Meanwhile, the OPS sorbent presented a satisfactory extraction selectivity and low matrix effect. Under the optimized conditions, our developed CPA detection method was used to determine CPA level in rice, wheat flour, corn flour, peanut, and feed samples, exhibiting a lower detection limit, better linearity, higher sensitivity, and satisfactory extraction recovery rate than previously reported methods. Therefore, our method can be preferentially used as a method for the detection of CPA in agricultural products and feeds.

Highly stable and photoluminescent methylammonium lead halide perovskite quantum dots (MAPbBr(3) PQDs) have been synthesized and applied for the fluorescence quenching detection of clothianidin in fruit and vegetable samples. Characterizations using different techniques, including photoluminescence (PL), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time-resolved PL (TRPL), show that static quenching is the dominant fluorescence quenching mechanism of MAPbBr(3) PQDs with clothianidin. Hydrogen bonds or van der Waals forces play major roles in the MAPbBr(3) PQDs-clothianidin interaction. Under optimized conditions, the relative PL intensity of MAPbBr(3) PQDs is linear to the concentration of clothianidin in the 0.0 and 20.0 mg/L range with a detection limit of 0.17 mu g/kg. Excellent recoveries of 79.5-115.4% were acquired for radish and banana samples with a relative standard deviation below 9.4%. These results indicate that PQDs can be used for qualitative and quantitative identification of clothianidin, providing an effective detection method for risk prevention and control of neonicotinoid pesticide residues in agricultural products.

Increasing data suggested that histone methylation modification plays an important role in regulating biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (SMs). Monascus spp. have been applied to produce hypolipidemic drug lovastatin (also called monacolin K, MK) and edible Monascus-type azaphilone pigments (MonAzPs). However, little is known about how histone methylation regulates MK and MonAzPs. In this study, we constructed H3K9 methyltransferase deletion strain ΔMpDot1 and H4K20 methyltransferase deletion strain ΔMpSet9 using Monascus pilosus MS-1 as the parent. The result showed that deletion of MpDot1 reduced the production of MK and MonAzPs, and deletion of MpSet9 increased MonAzPs production. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) showed inactivation of mpdot1 and mpset9 disturbed the expression of genes responsible for the biosynthesis of MK and MonAzPs. Western blot suggested that deletion of MpDot1 reduced H3K79me and H4K16ac, and deletion of MpSet9 decreased H4K20me3 and increased H4pan acetylation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) showed ΔMpDot1 strain and ΔMpSet9 strain reduced the enrichment of H3K79me2 and H4K20me3 in the promoter regions of key genes for MK and MonAzPs biosynthesis, respectively. These results suggested that MpDot1 and MpSet9 affected the synthesis of SMs by regulating gene transcription and histone crosstalk, providing alternative approach for regulation of lovastatin and MonAzPs.

The industrialization of animal agriculture has undoubtedly contributed to the improvement of human well-being by increasing the efficiency of food animal production. At the same time, it has also drastically impacted the natural environment and human society. The One Health initiative emphasizes the interdependency of the health of ecosystems, animals, and humans. In this paper, we discuss some of the most profound consequences of animal agriculture practices from a One Health perspective. More specifically, we focus on impacts to host-microbe interactions by elaborating on how modern animal agriculture affects zoonotic infections, specifically those of bacterial origin, and the concomitant emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A key question underlying these deeply interconnected issues is how to better prevent, monitor, and manage infections in animal agriculture. To address this, we outline approaches to mitigate the impacts of agricultural bacterial zoonoses and AMR, including the development of novel treatments as well as non-drug approaches comprising integrated surveillance programs and policy and education regarding agricultural practices and antimicrobial stewardship. Finally, we touch upon additional major environmental and health factors impacted by animal agriculture within the One Health context, including animal welfare, food security, food safety, and climate change. Charting how these issues are interwoven to comprise the complex web of animal agriculture's broad impacts on One Health will allow for the development of concerted, multidisciplinary interventions which are truly necessary to tackle these issues from a One Health perspective.

The farming pattern of crayfish significantly impacts their quality, safety, and nutrition. Typically, green and ecologically friendly products command higher economic value and market competitiveness. Consequently, intensive farming methods are frequently employed in an attempt to replace these environmentally friendly products, leading to potential instances of commercial fraud. In this study, stable isotope and multi-element analysis were utilized in conjunction with multivariate modeling to differentiate between pond-intensive, paddy-ecologically, and free-range cultured crayfish. The four stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen (δ13C, δ15N, δ2H, δ18O) and 20 elements from 88 crayfish samples and their feeds were determined for variance analysis and correlation analysis. To identify and differentiate three different farming pattern crayfish, unsupervised methods such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used, as well as supervised multivariate modeling, specifically partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The HCA and PCA exhibited limited effectiveness in classifying the farming pattern of crayfish, whereas the PLS-DA demonstrated a more robust performance with a predictive accuracy of 90.8%. Additionally, variables such as δ13C, δ15N, δ2H, Mn, and Co exhibited relatively higher contributions in the PLS-DA model, with a variable influence on projection (VIP) greater than 1. This study is the first attempt to use stable isotope and multi-element analysis to distinguish crayfish under three farming patterns. It holds promising potential as an effective strategy for crayfish authentication.

Vam7 (vacuolar morphogenesis 7), a Qc-soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) that mediates vacuolar fusion, is involved in vacuolar morphogenesis, vegetative growth, sexual and asexual reproduction, and compartmentalized biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in various filamentous fungi. In this study, the homolog of vam7 gene, mrvam7, in Monascus ruber M7 was functionally characterized through gene modification and transcriptome analysis. The results showed that the mrvam7 complementation and overexpression strains exhibited phenotypic similarities to M. ruber M7, whereas the mrvam7 null strain exhibited fragmented vacuoles, slowed growth and diminished sexual and asexual sporulation. Furthermore, the mrvam7 knockout strain displayed a notable increase in citrinin production alongside a significant decrease in Monascus pigments production. Transcriptome data revealed that the deletion of mrvam7 altered the expression levels of several genes involved in sexual and asexual reproduction, carbon and nitrogen source utilization, and secondary metabolites biosynthetic gene clusters. Collectively, these findings underscore the critical role of mrvam7-mediated vacuolar fusion in growth, development, and the compartmentalized biosynthesis and distribution of secondary metabolites in M ruber M7. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlying of compartmentalized secondary metabolites biosynthesis in Monascus species.

Monascus pigments (MPs), a class of secondary metabolites produced by Monascus spp., can be classified into yellow, orange, and red MPs according to their differences in the wavelength of the maximum absorption. However, the biosynthetic sequence and cellular biosynthesis mechanism of different MPs components are still not yet completely clear in Monascus spp. In this study, the subcellular localization of five MPs synthases was investigated using fluorescent protein fusion expression. The results revealed that the proteins encoded by the MPs biosynthetic gene cluster were compartmentalized in various subcellular locations, including the mitochondrial polyketide synthase MrPigA, cytosolic enzymes consisting of the ketoreductase MrPigC, the oxidoreductase MrPigE, and the monooxygenase MrPigN, and the cell-wall-bound oxidoreductase MrPigF. Moreover, the correct localization of MrPigF to the cell wall was crucial for the synthesis of orange MPs. Lastly, we discussed the compartmentalized biosynthetic pathway of MPs. This study will not only be helpful in clarifying the biosynthetic sequence and biosynthesis mechanism of different MPs but also provides new insights into the cellular biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in filamentous fungi.

食用色素是赋予食品色泽或改善食品色泽的食品添加剂,广泛用于食品中,食用色素的定性定量检测是保障食品安全和色素产品质量的重要组成部分.食用色素标准物质为食品及色素产品的检测提供标准化量值参考,是保证检测结果准确可溯源的物质基础.本文综述了国内外食用色素标准物质的开发和应用现状,以期为促进食用色素标准物质的研制及发展提供参考.

Geographical origin discrimination of agricultural products is essential to guarantee food safety and fair trade. Lentinula edodes (Shiitake mushroom) samples cultivated in three major production regions in China were characterized using stable isotopes (δ13C, δ2H, δ18O, δ15N, and δ34S) and elemental contents (%C, %N, %S, %protein and C/N ratios). Results showed that 9 of 10 analyzed Shiitake variables had significant differences among production regions. Due to the arid/dry climate and a large day-night alternating temperature difference, the protein content of L. edodes in northeast China is higher than in northern and southeast China. Sulfur isotopes (δ34S) are useful indicators of origin for L. edodes in China and to evaluate its protein quality. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes (δ2H and δ18O) are most effective for regional discrimination. Two PLS-DA(partial least-squares discriminate analysis) models were developed; one using only five stable isotopes (Model 1) and the other using five stable isotopes and three elemental contents (Model 2), respectively. Model 2 had a discrimination accuracy of 95.2%, which was higher 10% than Model 1. Chemometric classification models using chemical elements and multi-isotopes provide a useful method to authenticate Chinese Shiitake origins.

Lotus roots are widely consumed vegetables because of their great taste and abundant nutrients, but their quality varies with the environments and cultivar. This study systematically compared farinose (Elian No. 5) and crisp (Elian No. 6) lotus root cultivars from three geographical origins. Pasting and texture characteristics verified that Elian No. 5 possessed lower hardness and lower ability to withstand shear stress and heating during cooking compared with Elian No. 6. Untargeted metabolite profiling was first performed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) combined with a Zeno trap. In total, 188 metabolites were identified based on the matching chemistry database. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that lotus roots from different cultivars and origins could be adequately distinguished. Sixty-one differential metabolites were identified among three Elian No. 5 samples, and 28 were identified among three Elian No. 6 samples. Isoscopoletin, scopoletin, and paprazine were the most differential metabolites between Elian No. 5 and Elian No. 6. These results can inform future research on the discrimination and utilization of lotus roots.

风险管理是组织持续稳定运转和发展的一种重要现代管理模式,在农产品质量安全检测机构中建立有效的风险管理,对于提升机构决策科学性、运转合规性和市场竞争力具有重要作用.本文在结合新修订的《中华人民共和国农产品质量安全法》《检验检测机构资质认定评审准则》等法律法规要求的基础上,从打造风险管理文化、建设风险管控体系、选择风险评估工具和整合质量管理体系4个层面,系统梳理了农产品质量安全检测机构的政策性、技术性、管理性和支持服务性风险点,提出了建立风险管理思路和参考实施方案,为实现风险的全员控、全程控、精准控和高效控,促进农产品质量安全检测机构的合规化运转和技术能力保障提供借鉴和参考.

农产品质量安全检测机构(以下简称"机构")技术档案产生于农产品质量安全检测工作的各个环节,并作用于检测工作全过程,其管理水平充分反映了机构的内部管理水平.结合机构技术档案管理实际情况,梳理了农产品质量安全检测机构技术档案归档范围、移交、建档、保管、利用和销毁六方面的要求,总结了机构技术档案管理存在的问题,并针对管理存在的问题提出相应的意见和建议,旨在提高农产品质量安全检测机构的技术档案管理水平,促进机构良性发展.

随着我国经济社会的发展和产业结构转型,绿色生态发展、可持续发展、高质量发展已经成为国民经济各领域的共识.松滋市是武陵山区国家级生态功能区的重要组成部分,是长江中游南岸重要的生态屏障和水源涵养区,发展生态农业是加快现代农业发展、推进乡村振兴的重要任务,是促进农村经济发展和农民收入持续增加的重要基础,是改善生态环境、满足社会消费需求、实现农业可持续发展的重要途径.为了进一步加快松滋市生态农业的发展,冲刺建设"国家生态文明建设示范市",现结合实际针对松滋市生态农业发展情况做出分析,以期为松滋市的生态农业建设提供参考.

甘薯是全球重要的粮食、饲料、工业原料和生物质能源.甘薯富含多种生物活性成分,具有抗氧化、抗癌、抗肥胖、促进肠道健康等功能.文章对甘薯中的主要活性成分、检测方法及其在贮藏和加工中的稳定性进行综述,概述了甘薯的加工现状并对其深加工发展方向进行展望,旨在为促进甘薯活性成分高值化利用、延伸甘薯深加工产业链提供参考.

In order to evaluate the quality characteristics of red swamp crayfish（Procambarus clarkii） cultured under different aquaculture modes, the crayfish selected under integrated rice-crayfish culture, pond culture, lotus-crayfish culture and wild mode in Hubei province were analysised. The color, muscle texture properties, general nutritional composition,amino acid composition and content were compared. The results showed that the muscle of crayfish produced under four aquaculture modes in Hubei province was high quality protein. Brightness of shrimps, hardness, springiness, resilience and tenderness of the muscle under integrated rice-crayfish culture mode were significantly higher than those cultured under other three modes（P＜0.05）. The content of Histidine（His）, total amino acid and total flavor amino acid of muscle under integrated rice-crayfish culture mode were significantly higher than other three modes（P＜0.05）. The cooking loss rate of the muscle under integrated rice-crayfish culture mode was significantly lower than pond culture mode and integrated lotuscrayfish culture mode（P＜0.05）. In conclusion, the crayfish selected under integrated rice-crayfish culture had high edible value, with good chewiness, low cooking loss rate, high content of total amino acid and total flavor amino acid.

为调查我国主要产区慈姑中重金属污染状况,及时发现质量安全隐患,科学防控水生蔬菜重金属风险,2019-2021年在我国慈姑主产区湖北省、江苏省、浙江省和广西壮族自治区的生产基地连续采集175批次样品,监测7种重金属含量,并采用食品安全指数(index of food safety,IFS)法进行膳食暴露风险评估.结果表明,慈姑样品中重金属总体合格率为98.3%;铜、砷和镉的检出率均达100.0%,铬、铅、镍和汞的检出率分别为78.8%、69.7%、36.6%和20.0%.其中,砷和镉的超标率分别为1.1%和0.6%,2批次砷超标样品和1批次镉超标样品分别来自江苏省、湖北省和广西壮族自治区.从食品安全指数评价结果来看,慈姑中7种重金属的IFS和(IFS)都远小于1,整体暴露风险处于可接受范围.