The ACSL5 (acyl-CoA synthetase 5) gene plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol as well as the metabolism of fatty acids, and goats derive approximately 80 % of their energy from volatile fatty acids. However, there is a limited number of studies on the impact of InDel (insertion/deletion) mutations in the ACSL5 gene on goat traits. Therefore, This study investigated the spatiotemporal expression pattern of ACSL5 in goats and the association between its polymorphism and growth traits, aiming to identify useful DNA markers and provide a basis for the application of marker-assisted selection (MAS) in goat breeding. The qPCR technique was employed in the expression profiles of the ACSL5 gene in Fuqing (FQ) goats. The PCR technique was employed for type detection of the InDel locus of the ACSL5 gene in 528 goats. We analyzed the genotype frequency, allele frequency, polymorphism information content (PIC), and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) of the InDel locus of the ACSL5 gene in goats. A general linear model was used to analyze the relationship between the genotypes and body size traits of goats. qPCR analysis indicated that the ACSL5 gene was expressed ubiquitously in the nine tested tissues of FQ goats. The expression level of ACSL5 in fat tissue at birth was higher than in adult ( P < 0.01 ) and weaning ( P < 0.05 ) goats. An InDel polymorphism termed del41712 was detected within the fifth intron of the ACSL5 gene. Genetic screening revealed only two genotypes, ID and II, present in the three studied goat breeds. Association analyses conducted on 528 goats linked this InDel polymorphism to body measurement traits, showing significant associations with chest depth (ChD) in FQ goats ( P < 0.05 ) and with body height (BH), body length index (BLI), and chest circumference index (ChCI) in Nubian (NB) goats ( P < 0.05 ). These findings suggest that InDel mutations in the goat ACSL5 gene may serve as a valuable molecular genetic marker for breeding programs aimed at improving production traits.

Fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7) is involved in lipid metabolism, which is considered as a candidate gene with close relation with muscle development by eGWAs and RNA-Seq analyses. To date, limited research has been conducted on the relationship between FGF7 gene and growth traits. The main objective of this work was to further investigate the association between novel InDel within FGF7 gene and growth traits in goat. Herein, FGF7 mRNA expression levels were investigated in various Fuqing goat tissues. We found that FGF7 gene was expressed in six adult goat tissues with the highest mRNA levels in adipose tissue. This result suggested that FGF7 gene might play a critical role in fat deposition. We also detected potential polymorphisms in Fuqing, Nubian and Jianyang Daer breeds. A 22-bp InDel polymorphism in FGF7 gene was detected in 396 goats and the three genotypes were designated as II, ID, and DD. Correlation analysis revealed that InDel polymorphism was significantly associated with growth traits (P < 0.05). Goats with genotypes ID and/or II had superior growth traits compared to those with genotype DD. In summary, our findings suggested that the 22-bp InDel within FGF7 gene could act as a molecular marker to improve the growth traits of goats in breeding programs.

Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) plays a critical role in myoblast proliferation and fat deposition in animals. Our previous RNA-Seq analyses identified a close association between the JAK2 gene and muscle development. To date, research delving into the relationship between the JAK2 gene and growth traits has been sparse. In this study, we sought to investigate the relationship between novel mutations within the JAK2 gene and goat growth traits. Herein, two novel InDel (Insertion/Deletion) polymorphisms within the JAK2 gene were detected in 548 goats, and only two genotypes were designated as ID (Insertion/Deletion) and DD (Deletion/Deletion). The results indicate that the two InDels, the del19008 locus in intron 2 and del72416 InDel in intron 6, showed significant associations with growth traits (p < 0.05). Compared to Nubian and Jianzhou Daer goats, the del72416 locus displayed a more pronounced effect in the Fuqing breed group. In the Nubian breed (NB) group, both InDels showed a marked influence on body height (BH). There were strong linkages observed for these two InDels between the Fuqing (FQ) and Jianzhou (JZ) populations. The DD-ID diplotype was associated with inferior growth traits in chest width (ChW) and cannon circumference (CaC) in the FQ goats compared to the other diplotypes. In the NB population, the DD-DD diplotype exhibited a marked negative impact on BH and HuWI (hucklebone width index), in contrast to the other diplotypes. In summary, our findings suggest that the two InDel polymorphisms within the JAK2 gene could serve as valuable molecular markers for enhancing goat growth traits in breeding programs.

In this study, we measured the growth performance and intramuscular fat (IMF) content of the Longissimus dorsi (LD) of Fuqing goats (FQs) and Nubian goats (NBYs), which exhibit extreme phenotypic differences in terms of their production and meat quality traits. RNA-Seq analysis was performed, and transcriptome data were obtained from the LD tissue of 3-month fetuses (E3), 0-month lambs (0M), 3-month lambs (3M), and 12-month lambs (12M) to reveal the differences in the molecular mechanisms regulating the muscle development and IMF deposition between FQs and NBYs. The results showed that a higher body weight and average daily gain were observed in the NBYs at three developmental stages after birth, whereas a higher IMF content was registered in the FQs at 12M. Additionally, transcriptome profiles during the embryonic period and after birth were completely different for both FQs and NBYs. Moreover, DEGs (KIF23, CCDC69, CCNA2, MKI67, KIF11, RACGAP1, NUSAP1, SKP2, ZBTB18, NES, LOC102180034, CAPN6, TUBA1A, LOC102178700, and PEG10) significantly enriched in the cell cycle (ko04110) at E3 (FQs vs. NBYs), and DEGs (MRPS7, RPS8, RPL6, RPL4, RPS11, RPS10, RPL5, RPS6, RPL8, RPS13, RPS24, RPS15, RPL23) significantly enriched in ribosomes (ko03010) at 0M (FQs vs. NBYs) related to myogenic differentiation and fusion were identified. Meanwhile, the differences in glucose and lipid metabolism began at the E3 timepoint and continued to strengthen as growth proceeded in FQs vs. NBYs. DEGs (CD36, ADIROQR2, ACACA, ACACB, CPT1A, IGF1R, IRS2, LDH-A, PKM, HK2, PFKP, PCK1, GPI, FASN, FADS1, ELOVL6, HADHB, ACOK1, ACAA2, and ACSL4) at 3M (FQs vs. NBYs) and 12M (FQs vs. NBYs) significantly enriched in the AMPK signaling pathway (ko04152), insulin resistance (ko04931), the insulin signaling pathway (ko04910), fatty acid metabolism (ko01212), and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (ko00010) related to IMF deposition were identified. Further, the results from this study provide the basis for future studies on the mechanisms regulating muscle development and IMF deposition in different breeds of goats, and the candidate genes identified could be used in the selection process.

[目的]研究啤酒糟替代饲粮中不同比例精料对湖羊瘤胃发酵及微生物多样性的影响,促进啤酒糟在湖羊饲养中的合理利用.[方法]选择体况良好、相近体重(15.90±0.36 kg)的湖羊24只,随机分为4组,分别为饲喂基础饲粮(玉米+豆粕为精料,占比36％,Ⅰ组,CK)及啤酒糟替代1/3(Ⅱ组)、2/3(Ⅲ组)和全部(Ⅳ组)基础饲粮中精料.试验结束后,每组随机选取3只羊,测定羊瘤胃发酵参数和瘤胃微生物多样性.[结果]1)啤酒糟替代饲粮中不同比例精料对湖羊瘤胃的pH值、氨态氮、乙酸等挥发性脂肪酸的含量无显著影响(P>0.05),试验Ⅱ组的异丁酸含量显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05).2)在门水平上,啤酒糟替代饲粮中不同比例精料对湖羊瘤胃微生物厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、互养菌门(Synergistetes)、纤维杆菌门(Fibrobacteres)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形杆菌门(Epsilonbacteraeota)、螺旋体门(Spirochaetes)和无壁菌门(Tenericutes)的丰富度均无显著影响(P>0.05).试验Ⅰ组(CK)中疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)的丰富度显著低于其他组(P<0.05).在属水平上,啤酒糟替代饲粮中不同比例精料对湖羊瘤胃微生物普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)、琥珀酸菌属(Succiniclasticum)、肠单胞菌属(Intestinimonas)、酪氨酸菌属(Tyzzerella)、瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)、粪便菌属(Faecalicatena)、假丁酸弧菌属(Pseudobutyrivibrio)和特氏梭菌属(Hungateiclostridium)的丰富度无显著影响(P>0.05).[结论]啤酒糟替代精料提高了疣微菌门的相对丰富度,未对湖羊其他瘤胃群落结构和瘤胃微生物群落丰富度产生显著影响.

[目的] 转录组候选基因纤维连接蛋白1(Fibronectin 1,FN1)对于骨分化、骨形成和骨细胞迁移起关键作用.对FN1基因预测突变位点进行DNA池检测,并与山羊生长性状进行关联分析,以期为山羊的遗传育种和性状改良提供分子标记.[方法] 利用DNA池检测和PCR-RFLP技术,分析福清山羊、努比亚黑山羊和简阳大耳羊中FN1基因的7个预测突变位点的遗传多态性,并与其生长性状进行关联分析.[结果] 通过DNA池检测和PCR-RFLP发现,7个预测位点中只有Del66652位点存在多态性,且在3个山羊群体中都只存在II和ID基因型,都不处于哈迪温伯格平衡(P>0.05),多态性信息含量小于0.25.关联分析发现,努比亚黑山羊ID基因型个体的管围显著优于II基因型(P<0.05),ID基因型的胸围指数极显著优于II基因型(P<0.01).简阳大耳羊ID基因型个体的胸围指数和管围指数显著优于II基因型(P<0.05).[结论] Del66652位点与努比亚山羊和简阳大耳羊的生长性状显著相关,且ID基因型为优势基因型.Del66652位点可作为影响山羊生长性状的分子标记位点,为提高山羊生长性状的品种改良提供研究基础.

The TCL1 (T-cell leukemia 1) protooncogene is highly expressed in many human B-cell leukemias and two recent papers show that TCL1 overexpression causes rapid development of B-cell lymphomas in mice. Other recent work showing that the TCL1 protein enhances the activation of the pro-survival kinase Akt has revealed a potential mechanism underlying the development of B-cell leukemias and raised new questions about the regulation of Akt.

该文详细分析了福建省畜牧业总体生产情况、畜禽种业优势成效,以及存在的短板与问题,并从加强畜禽种质自主创新研发、构建畜禽现代化育种模式、健全种业支撑体系、创建种业相关支撑平台、加强专业人才引进培养、推进闽台畜牧业融合发展等方面提出对策建议,以期推进福建省畜禽种业高质量发展.

为了提高发酵豆渣在肉用山羊中的利用效率,本研究测定分析了发酵豆渣的常规营养成分含量,并开展了其在不同肉用山羊品种的消化代谢试验.试验以山羊品种和发酵豆渣添加水平为分析因素,采用双因素3×4随机区组设计,选取体况良好3个品种肉羊[努比亚山羊,体重(15.40±1.23)kg;闽东山羊,体重(15.38±1.32)kg;福清山羊,体重(15.46±1.27)kg]生长期羯羊各24只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1只羊.各组分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组,CON组)以及添加10％(FSR10组)、20％(FSR20组)和30％发酵豆渣(FSR30组)的试验饲粮.预试期10 d,正试期7 d.结果表明:1)发酵豆渣的总能(GE)为16.07 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗灰分(Ash)、钙和磷含量分别为17.06％、52.81％、24.10％、3.40％、0.44％和0.18％.2)山羊品种和发酵豆渣添加水平的交互作用对干物质采食量(DMI)、平均日增重(ADG)、始重(IBW)和末重(FBW)的影响均不显著(P>0.05),而山羊品种和发酵豆渣添加水平均显著影响DMI和ADG(P<0.05).3)山羊品种和发酵豆渣添加水平的交互作用对干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、CP、GE、NDF和ADF的全肠道表观消化率的影响均不显著(P>0.05);发酵豆渣添加水平显著影响DM、OM、CP、GE、NDF和ADF的全肠道表观消化率(P<0.05),而山羊品种仅显著影响ADF的全肠道表观消化率(P<0.05).4)山羊品种和发酵豆渣添加水平的交互作用显著影响尿氮、沉积氮、氮沉积率和氮生物学价值(P<0.05),而对氮摄入量和粪氮影响不显著(P>0.05).FSR10组的氮利用效率优于其他各组,闽东山羊对饲粮中氮利用效率优于福清山羊和努比亚山羊.由此可见,山羊品种和发酵豆渣添加水平均能影响发酵豆渣的消化、吸收和利用;在体重一致的条件下,闽东山羊对发酵豆渣的氮消化利用能力优于努比亚山羊;育肥山羊饲粮中发酵豆渣的添加水平以10％～20％为宜.

Abstract The Alternative splicing (AS) of Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1a) and their expression profiles had never been illuminated in goats until now. Herein, a novel splice transcript in the CPT1a gene that is predicted to result in the skipping of exons 6–19 (CPT1a-sv1) has been isolated in addition to the full-length transcript in goats. The result of RT-PCR showed that CPT1a-sv1 is 606 bp in length and consists of 6 exons. A novel exon 6 was consisted of partial exon 5 and partial exon 19, compared to that in CPT1a. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression patterns of CPT1a and CPT1a-sv1 are spatially different. In both kid and adult goats, the CPT1a transcript is strongly expressed in the liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and brain tissues. However, CPT1a-sv1 has a strong tissue-specific expression pattern, with moderate RNA levels in the liver and brain of kids, while highly expressed in the liver and minimally expressed in the brain of adults. We observed two transcripts to be involved in brain development. These findings improve our understanding of the function of the CPT1a gene in goats and provide information on the molecular mechanism of AS events.

本试验旨在研究啤酒糟替代饲粮中不同比例精料对湖羊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、氮代谢和血清生化指标的影响.选择体况良好、体重[(15.90±0.36)kg]相近的湖羊24只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1只羊.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别饲喂1/3、2/3和全部啤酒糟替代基础饲粮中精料的试验饲粮.预试期10 d,正试期7 d.结果表明:1)试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组干物质采食量(DMI)显著高于对照组(P<0.05).各组之间终末体重和平均日增重均差异不显著(P>0.05).2)对照组和试验Ⅰ组的总能表观消化率显著高于试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.05).各组之间干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率均差异不显著(P>0.05).3)对照组的进食氮、粪氮和排泄氮显著低于试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组的沉积氮显著高于对照组(P<0.05).各组之间尿氮、氮沉积率均差异不显著(P>0.05).4)试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的血清总蛋白含量显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05).各组之间血清葡萄糖、尿素氮、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白含量和碱性磷酸酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活性均差异不显著(P>0.05).由此可见,在本试验的条件下,啤酒糟作为精料补充料能促进湖羊的采食,且对生长和健康无负面影响.利用啤酒糟替代基础饲粮中1/3的精料饲喂湖羊的综合效果最优,当替代比例进一步增加,容易造成能量供应不足的问题.

β2整合素αD(β2 integrinsαD,ITGAD)是一种异二聚体细胞表面受体的亚基,在调控脂肪新陈代谢和血糖平衡中发挥重要作用.为了加快山羊(Capra hircus)生长性状选育的遗传进展,为山羊生长性状的标记辅助选择(marker assisted selection,MAS)提供理论依据,本研究利用DNA池技术和高分辨率熔解曲线(high resolution melting,HRM)分析技术,检测了ITGAD基因在3个山羊品种(共355只)的插入/缺失(Insertion/Deletion,InDel)多态性,并分析其与山羊生长性状之间的关联效应.结果表明,检测到1个山羊ITGAD基因第15个内含子的新InDel位点(NC_030832.1:g.15243_15244 ins C),其多态信息含量(PIC)为0.289～0.369,并且该位点在3个品种中都处于哈迪-温伯格平衡状态;在与生长性状的关联分析中,该位点与福清山羊的尻宽和简阳大耳羊的体高、体长和胸围均显著相关(P<0.05),与简阳大耳羊的胸深、胸宽、管围、尻宽和管围指数极显著相关(P<0.01),并且II基因型个体显著优于DD基因型.本研究发现ITGAD基因InDel位点与山羊生长性状有显著的关联效应,为山羊生产性状的分子遗传标记选择提供参考依据.

[目的]研究杂交狼尾草饲粮中添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸(RPMet)对福清山羊生长性能及营养物质消化代谢的影响,为杂交狼尾草在肉羊育肥中的高效利用提供参考.[方法]选择经同一批次同期发情处理生产的体况良好、体重相近的4月龄福清山羊羯羊30只[(11.88±1.48)kg]作为试验羊,采用单因素试验设计,随机分成5组,每组6只.分为饲养试验和消化代谢试验,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组在基础饲粮基础上每只羊添加RPMet 2.5、5.0、7.5和10 g·d?1.饲养试验预试期15 d,正式期60 d,测定试验羊的生产性能;饲养试验中期各组随机选择3只试验羊进行消化代谢试验,测定试验羊对饲粮中养分表观消化率和氮代谢指标.[结果]1)各组间DMI、IBW和FBW差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的总增重及ADG显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而与试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组差异不显著(P>0.05).2)试验Ⅱ组试验羊对饲粮中干物质、有机物等6种营养物质的表观消化率均为最高,其中对GE、CP和ADF的表观消化率显著高于其他组(P<0.05),对干物质和有机物的表观消化率显著高于试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组和对照组(P<0.05),对NDF的表观消化率显著高于试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(P<0.05).3)对照组进食氮显著低于4个试验组(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的尿氮和粪氮分别最低,均显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05),而与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组的沉积氮和氮沉积率均显著高于其他组(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组的氮生物学价值最高,显著高于试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组和对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅳ组氮生物学价值显著低于对照组(P<0.05).[结论]杂交狼尾草饲粮中每只羊添加2.5～5.0 g·d?1 RPMet,有利于福清山羊对饲粮中各营养物质的消化利用,提高氮的利用效率,进而促进福清山羊育肥期生长.

[目的]评估福清山羊快长品系的选育效果.[方法]对福清山羊连续选育的2个世代后代生长性能及繁殖性能指标进行统计分析.[结果]结果表明,经过连续2个世代的严格系统选育,福清山羊快长品系各世代核心群的生长性状和繁殖性状均有所提高,其中生长性状的遗传进展和群体整齐度均高于繁殖性状.福清山羊快长品系所产后代的2月龄、9月龄和12月龄的体重指标随着选育世代的增加而逐渐提高,各阶段体重在3个世代间均达到差异显著水平(P＜0.05),且各世代相同测定阶段的体重变异系数也呈现逐步减小的趋势(9月龄体重除外).对比于零世代,二世代2月龄体重、9月龄体重和12月龄体重分别提高了7.45％、11.74％和10.70％.各世代核心群后代的初生体重差异不显著(P＞0.05),断奶活羔率和断奶羔羊重均随着选育世代的增加而逐渐提高,3个世代间的断奶羔羊重差异显著(P＜0.05),分别为9.42、9.95、10.15kg.[结论]经过连续2个世代的系统选育,福清山羊快长品系的生长性状得到了有效改良,实现了快长品系选育的生长性状既定目标.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">为了研究莲蓬壳在肉羊中的饲料化利用,本试验测定分析了莲蓬壳的常规营养成分含量,并开展了莲蓬壳在不同品种肉羊体内的消化代谢试验。体内消化代谢试验采用两因素3×4随机区组设计,两因素分别为肉羊品种（湖羊、努比亚山羊和福清山羊）和莲蓬壳替代基础饲粮比例（0、20%、40%和60%）。每个肉羊品种选择体况良好、体重相近的7～8月龄羯羊12只,随机分为4组（每组3只,每只试验羊单独圈养于自制消化代谢笼）,分别饲喂基础饲粮（精粗比3∶7）和3种试验饲粮（以20%、40%和60%莲蓬壳替代基础饲粮）,采用全收粪尿法测定饲粮中各营养物质表观消化率,并计算3种试验饲粮中莲蓬壳的营养物质表观消化率和有效能值。结果显示:1)莲蓬壳的总能（GE）、消化能（DE）、代谢能（ME）以及粗蛋白质（CP）、粗脂肪（EE）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、木质素（ADL）、粗灰分（Ash）、钙（Ca）和磷（P）[干物质（DM）基础]含量分别为16.95 MJ/kg、7.86 MJ/kg、6.45 MJ/kg、8.00%、10.00 g/kg、73.25%、53.00%、24.72%、6.20%、0.41%和0.15%。2)肉羊品种对饲粮中DM、GE和ADF的表观消化率有极显著影响（P&lt;0.01）,对OM和NDF的表观消化率有显著影响（P&lt;0.05）,以努比亚山羊对饲粮中营养物质的消化能力最优;莲蓬壳替代比例对饲粮中6种常规营养成分的表观消化率均有极显著影响（P&lt;0.01）,饲粮中DM、OM、CP、GE和NDF的表观消化率均随莲蓬壳替代比例的增加而降低;两因素的交互作用对饲粮中各营养成分的表观消化率均无显著影响（P&gt;0.05）。3)除莲蓬壳替代比例对莲蓬壳中ADF的表观消化率具有极显著影响（P&lt;0.01）外,两因素及其交互作用对莲蓬壳中各营养成分的表观消化率均无显著影响（P&gt;0.05）。4)肉羊品种对粪氮、沉积氮、氮沉积率和氮生物学价值具有极显著影响（P&lt;0.01）,努比亚山羊的沉积氮均显著高于湖羊和福清山羊（P&lt;0.05）;莲蓬壳替代比例对粪氮、沉积氮和氮沉积率存在极显著影响（P&lt;0.01）,对尿氮和氮生物学价值存在显著影响（P&lt;0.05）,以20%替代组的氮生物学价值最高,其次为40%替代组,两者均显著高于60%替代组（P&lt;0.05）;两因素的交互作用对尿氮存在显著影响（P&lt;0.05）。5)莲蓬壳的粗饲料分级指数（GI）值为0.69,属于第5级。基于本研究结果,莲蓬壳可以作为肉羊粗饲料进行利用,但其ADL含量较高,粗饲料GI值偏低,在肉羊饲粮中配比不宜超过40%;肉羊对莲蓬壳中营养物质的消化利用率受肉羊品种及其替代饲粮比例的影响较小;在饲喂相同营养水平饲粮条件下,努比亚山羊对饲粮中各营养物质的消化利用率优于湖羊和福清山羊。</span>

该成果针对福建省草食动物养殖过程中存在的冬季饲草料匮乏、豆科饲草资源不足、饲草料保存技术落后等突出问题,历经9年,深入开展了福建省饲草资源营养价值评价、青贮菌株筛选、微生物菌群分析、配合饲料研发和青贮技术体系构建等五个方面技术攻关,创建了福建饲草资源开发及其青贮关键技术创新与集成应用体系,取得明显进展与应用成效.

为研究大米草与配合精料不同混合比例对福清山羊日增重和血液生化指标的影响,选取7月龄、健康、体重相近(15 kg±3 kg)的生长期福清山羊32只,随机分为4组,每组8只(公母各半),分为对照组CK(只饲喂大米草)和全混合日粮组[精料和大米草(干物质基础)的重量比为30:70(D30组)、40:60(D40组)、50:50(D50组)],试验期30 d.结果显示:D40组和D50组的总增重和平均日增重均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);不同处理试验羊血液碱性磷酸酶、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶含量差异均不显著(P>0.05),3个处理组血液总蛋白和总胆固醇含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05).综合考虑日增重和血液指标结果可以得出,大米草全混合日粮的适宜精粗比以40:60更为适宜.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">为了提高青贮笋壳在肉羊中的利用效率,本研究测定分析了青贮笋壳的常规营养成分,并开展了其在湖羊、努比亚山羊和福清山羊3个肉羊品种上的体内消化代谢试验。试验采用两因素3×4随机区组设计,3个品种肉羊（湖羊、努比亚山羊和福清山羊）分别选取体况良好的7月龄左右生长期羯羊12只,体重分别为（22.18±1.13） kg、（30.32±1.17） kg和（17.09±0.91） kg;将每个品种的12只肉羊随机分为4个处理,分别饲喂基础饲粮（AC）以及以20%（A20）、40%（A40）或60%（A60）青贮笋壳替代基础饲粮的试验饲粮,每个处理3个重复,每个重复1只羊。全收粪、尿法测定饲粮中干物质（DM）、有机物（OM）、粗蛋白质（CP）、总能（GE）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）的全肠道表观消化率,分析不同青贮笋壳替代比例对3个品种肉羊氮代谢和能量代谢的影响,并根据替代法原理计算不同青贮笋壳替代比例饲粮中青贮笋壳相应营养物质的全肠道表观消化率和有效能值。结果表明:1)青贮笋壳（DM基础）的GE、CP、粗脂肪（EE）、NDF、ADF、酸性洗涤木质素（ADL）、粗灰分（Ash）、钙（Ca）和磷（P）含量分别为16.99 MJ/kg、9.89%、11.00 g/kg、64.07%、36.01%、5.44%、6.10%、12.30 mg/kg和0.14%,在不同品种肉羊中的消化能（DE）和代谢能（ME）估测值分别为6.01～9.33 MJ/kg和4.93～7.65 MJ/kg。2)肉羊品种对饲粮中DM、OM、GE的全肠道表观消化率以及粪氮、沉积氮、氮沉积率和氮生物学价值具有极显著的影响（P&lt;0.01）,青贮笋壳替代比例对饲粮中DM、OM、CP、GE、NDF和ADF的全肠道表观消化率具有极显著的影响（P&lt;0.01）;随着饲粮中青贮笋壳替代比例的增加,湖羊对饲粮中蛋白质成分的消化利用以及努比亚山羊和福清山羊对饲粮中以NDF为主的能量物质和蛋白质成分的消化利用降低;青贮笋壳替代比例不超过40%的条件下,努比亚山羊对饲粮中的CP利用效率最优,其次为湖羊。3)肉羊品种、青贮笋壳替代比例及其交互作用对青贮笋壳中DM、OM、CP、GE、NDF和ADF的全肠道表观消化率和估测的DE和ME均无显著影响（P&gt;0.05）。综上所述,青贮笋壳具有CP含量较高、NDF含量适中、ADF和ADL含量低的特点,是肉羊营养价值较高的植物性非常规饲料资源;不同肉羊品种对青贮笋壳的利用率存在差异,在不同品种肉羊生产中利用时,需要优化饲粮配比,提高利用效率。</span>

[目的]研究福清山羊与努比亚黑山羊背最长肌组织转录组差异表达水平,为地方山羊品种肉质、生长性状的遗传机制和遗传改良提供理论基础.[方法]分别测定周岁内羯羊育肥的福清山羊与努比亚黑山羊日增重(ADG)以及2个品种周岁背最长肌样品的肌内脂肪含量(inter-muscular fat,IMF);同时利用转录组测序方法对2个品种周岁背最长肌组织进行高通量测序,筛选品种间的差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs),并对DEGs功能进行注释和测序结果的荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)验证.[结果]在羯羊育肥条件下,福清山羊周岁内ADG为65.6g·d-1,极显著低于努比亚黑山羊的127.4g·d-1(Sig.=0.000);而福清山羊周岁背最长肌IMF含量为3.69％,极显著高于努比亚黑山羊的1.83％ (Sig.=0.003).2个品种6个样品的背最长肌转录组测序共得到44.76Gb Clean Data,各样品的Clean reads与参考基因组(山羊)的比对效率在84.65％-86.17％之间.DESeq分析发现了努比亚黑山羊和福清山羊背最长肌的DEGs 608个,其中上调基因61个,下调基因547个.608个DEGs中的518个基因能够被G0 (gene ontology)数据库注释,148个DEGs能够被C0G(Cluster of 0rthologous Groups of proteins)数据库注释,418个DEGs能够被KEGG (kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)数据库注释.KEGG通路分析表明DEGs共富集到222条信号通路中,44条通路显著富集.经过文献检索和对筛选通路相关基因功能的分析,初步判断可能与羊肉质和生长性状相关的通路包括肌动蛋白细胞骨架调节(Regulation of actin cytoskeleton)、Jak-S TAT信号转导通路{Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription(Jak-STAT) signaling pathway)、MAPK信号转导信号通路{mitogen-activatedprotein kinase (MAPK) signal ing pathway)和Ⅰ型糖尿病通路(Type Ⅰ diabetes mellitus);IGF1(Insulin-like growth factor 1,类胰岛素一号增长因子)、ACSL5(Long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetases 5,长链酯酰辅酶A合成酶5)、PCK2(phosphoonolpyruvate carboxykinase 2,磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶2)、PPARGC1A(Hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma,coactivator 1 alpha,过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体v共激活因子1α)、JAK2(Janus Kinase 2,Janus激酶2基因)、STAT4(signal transducer and activator of transcription 4,信号转导子和转录激活子4)、IRF8(interferon regulatory factor 8,干扰素调节因子8)、MAP4K1(mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 1,有丝分裂原激活蛋白激激激激酶1)等DEGs可作为控制福清山羊肉质、生长性能的候选基因.进一步与参考基因组序列比对分析,共发掘707个新基因(转录本),其中15个基因(转录本)为2个品种的DEGs.经qRT-PCR验证,所选基因(转录本)表达变化模式与转录组测序结果一致,表明测序结果可靠.[结论]在转录组水平上筛选出了福清山羊和努比亚黑山羊周岁羯羊背最长肌组织的608个DEGs,发掘了707个新基因(转录本),初步认为肌动蛋白细胞骨架调节等4个信号通路在山羊肉质形成和生长发育过程中发挥了重要作用,为进一步探索山羊骨髂肌生长发育和IMF沉积的相关机理提供参考依据.

试验旨在从分子遗传学角度探讨戴云山羊夏季维持较高繁殖力的遗传机制,从中发掘有用的遗传变异信息.利用转录组测序方法对福清山羊和戴云山羊夏季发情期卵巢组织进行研究,筛选品种间的差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs),利用基因本体(gene ontology,GO)、蛋白相邻类的聚簇(cluster of orthologous groups of proteins,COG)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)数据库对筛选的差异表基因进行功能注释,并进行差异表达基因聚类分析,通过实时荧光定量PCR验证测序结果.结果 显示,福清山羊和戴云山羊发情期卵巢的DEGs共357个,其中上调基因221个,下调基因136个.357个DEGs中的287个基因能够被GO数据库注释,78个DEGs能够被COG数据库注释,219个DEGs能够被KEGG数据库注释.KEGG数据库注释结果显示,这些差异基因显著富集的信号通路为蛋白消化吸收(protein digestion and absorption)、吞噬体(phagosome)、肺结核(tuberculosis)、胞外基质受体互作(ECM-receptor interaction)、金黄色葡萄球菌感染(Staphylococcus aureus infection)、同种异体移植物排斥(allograft rejection)等通路.经实时荧光定量PCR验证,所选基因(转录本)表达变化模式与转录组测序结果一致,表明测序结果可靠.本试验利用高通量测序获得大量山羊卵巢转录组信息,有助于从分子水平对山羊卵巢进行深入研究.