Saline-alkali stress severely impacts global crop productivity, while basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors (TFs) are known regulators of abiotic stress responses, the specific mechanisms of StbZIP1 in potato saline-alkaline tolerance remains unclear. We cloned StbZIP1 from tetraploid potato ‘Favorita’, analyzed its sequence characteristics, and generated overexpression lines. StbZIP1-overexpressing (OE) and wild-type (WT) plants were subjected to saline-alkaline stress (NaCl: NaHCO3 = 1:1) to assess physiological and molecular responses. StbZIP1 encodes a 16.61 kDa protein with conserved bZIP domains. Secondary structure prediction revealed that the protein comprises 55.48

In the arid and semi-arid zones of Northwest China, soil drought and alkaline salt stress often occur simultaneously and affect plant growth at multiple levels. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a food crop sensitive to drought and alkaline salt stresses and is susceptible to yield loss due to environmental impacts. In recent years, most of the research on abiotic stress response in potato has focused on drought and saline single stresses, and the mechanism of potato response to combined drought-alkaline salt stress and its interactions are still unclear. Therefore, a pot experiment was designed in this study and the potato variety 'Atlantic' was selected as the test material. The effects of drought (25 % PEG-6000), alkaline salt (200 mmol & sdot;L-1 NaHCO3) and combined drought- alkaline salt (25 % PEG-6000 + 200 mmol & sdot;L-1 NaHCO3) stresses on growth traits, micro- and ultrastructure, reactive oxygen species, osmoregulatory substances, and antioxidant defenses of potato were investigated using no stress (CK) as a control, leaf photosynthesis and endogenous plant hormones, and also analyzed the changes in the expression patterns of genes related to plant hormone signal transduction under different stresses. The results showed that drought, alkaline salt, and combined stress affected growth, leaf anatomy, and photosynthesis, and increased the accumulation of osmoregulatory substances in potato. The scavenging activities of antioxidant compounds and antioxidant enzymes were enhanced in potato, and combined stress treatments significantly damaged potato more than single stresses. In 2022, combined stress caused a marked increase in H2O2 (208.7 %) and O2- (455.6 %) content, while in 2023, they increased by 87.5 % and 215.7 %, respectively. SOD, POD, CAT, TPX, APX, GR, GPX and DHAR enzyme activities were increased by 209.13 %, 55.19 %, 152.59 %, 47.13 %, 104.02 %, 347.37 %, 68.45 % and 130.69 % in 2022 compared to CK in the combined stress treatment. In 2023, they increased by 229.81 %, 49.95 %, 160.62 %, 102.16 %, 94.06 %, 505.15 %, 47.00 %, and 121.19 %, respectively. After the stress treatments, the contents of gibberellic acid (GA3) and auxins (IAA) were significantly lower than those in CK, whereas the contents of abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and brassinosteroids (BRs) increased. Expression of IAA-related genes (AUX1, Aux/IAA, GH3, and SAUR) was up-regulated after stress. ABA-related genes (PYR/PYL, SnRK2, and ABF) were up-regulated after stress, whereas protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) genes were down-regulated in expression after stress. The GA3 receptor GID1 and the Fbox protein GID2 were up-regulated after stress. Xyloglucosyl transferase TCH4 gene was up-regulated by stress and positively correlated with changes in BRs content. The TGA transcription factor, PR-1 gene, was induced to up-regulate its expression by stress and positively correlated with changes in SA content. Drought, alkaline salt, and combined stress reduced potato tuber yield and quality, which were 54.13 % and 60.14 % lower than CK in combined stress treatments in 2022 and 2023, respectively, which were significantly correlated with changes in physiological and biochemical characteristics and hormone contents of potato plants.

Drought and alkaline salt stress act synergistically on potato, affecting growth and causing reduced yield and quality. Lignin plays a key role in potato resistance to abiotic stresses, and most of the key enzymes in its synthetic pathway were involved in plant stress response. Among them, caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) is a key enzyme for G-type lignin synthesis, and the StCCoAOMT gene is involved in potato lignin synthesis and response to plant stress in response to adversity. The study identified 13 StCCoAOMT genes, which were classified into four subgroups by evolutionary analysis. We have analyzed their physicochemical properties, gene structures, motifs, and cis-acting elements. StCCoAOMT family genes are subject to purification selection, and tandem repeats are the primary driver of gene duplication. The collinearity relationships with other species analysis showed that the StCCoAOMT genes are evolutionarily distinct from monocotyledonous plants. Through transcriptomic analysis and RT-qPCR validation of the tissue-specific expression patterns of StCCoAOMT genes under drought, alkaline salt, and combined stress conditions, we identified the stress-responsive gene StCCoAOMT7.We also obtained the homologous gene, StCCoAOMT1, which has the highest degree of similarity to the Arabidopsis thaliana gene At4g34050, which is responsive to drought and salt stresses, by sequence comparison. VIGS analysis revealed that NbCCoAOMT1 and NbCCoAOMT7 silenced tobacco plants displayed reduced resistance compared to WT plants under drought, alkaline salt, and combined stress. It is speculated that the StCCoAOMT1 and StCCoAOMT7 genes positively regulate drought, alkaline salt, and combined stress. The subcellular localization of StCCoAOMT1 and StCCoAOMT7 proteins was investigated in tobacco. The results indicate that both proteins may function in the nucleus, plasma membrane, and cytoplasm, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying plant defense and stress responses. StCCoAOMT1 and StCCoAOMT7 were screened as drought, alkaline salt, and combined stress response genes.

Transcriptome proteome association analysis screened candidate DEGs, DEPs, and DEGs/DEPs associated with potato response to drought, alkali, and combined stresses. Overexpression of StCOMT1 enhances potato drought and alkali tolerance. Drought and salinity have severely impeded potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) growth and development, significantly reducing global potato production. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating the combined drought and alkali stress process are not fully understood. This study compared the mRNA and protein expression profiles of potato under drought (PEG-6000), alkali (NaHCO3), and combined (PEG-6000 + NaHCO3) stresses by transcriptome and TMT proteomics sequencing to investigate the common or specific responses of 'Atlantic' potato to single and combined stresses of drought and alkali were preliminarily explored. It was found that 2215 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 450 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were jointly identified under drought, alkali, and combined stresses. Under drought, alkali, and combined stresses, 234, 185, and 246 DEGs/DEPs were identified, respectively. These DEGs, DEPs, and DEGs/DEPs identified revealed the potential roles of several signaling and metabolic pathways in mediating drought and alkali stress tolerance, including plant hormone signaling, MAPK signaling pathway, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism. Caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is an essential methylating enzyme in the phenylpropane biosynthetic pathway, which is involved in lignin synthesis and plays an important role in protecting plants from abiotic stresses. In this study, we investigated the changes in physiologic characteristics, such as growth, antioxidant defense, osmotic regulation and lignin accumulation, in overexpressing StCOMT1 (PT0001512/M0ZIL7) transgenic potato after stress. It proved that the gene has the function of adapting to drought and alkali stress, and provided a theoretical basis for further research on the resistance mechanism of the gene in drought and alkali tolerance in potato.

ABSTRACTAlkaline salt stress, as a more diverse stress, severely affects the growth and development of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and leads to yield reduction. Brassinosteroids have been shown to regulate plant growth and play an essential role under environmental stress. However, the physiological responses by which brassinosteroids confer alkaline salt stress tolerance in potato remain unclear. We used potato ‘Atlantic’ as experimental material. The effects of 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 μmol·L−1 of 24‐epibrassinolide (EBR) on the physiological and photosynthetic characteristics of potato under alkaline salt stress (300 mmol·L−1 NaHCO3) were studied. The results showed that exogenous EBR increased the antioxidant enzyme activities, increased the content of osmoregulatory substances and decreased the production of peroxidation products in potato leaves under alkaline salt stress. EBR treatment improved the photosynthetic characteristics by accumulating more photosynthetic pigments. This was manifested by an increase in net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, and a decrease in intercellular carbon dioxide concentration. In addition, exogenous EBR increased the maximal quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry and the effective PSII quantum yield of potato PSII under alkaline salt stress and ultimately increased yield. Potato tuber yield was significantly increased by 27.31% and 29.17% in T4 treatment compared to T1 in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Cluster and correlation analyses further demonstrated the beneficial effects of exogenous EBR on physiology, photosynthetic characteristics and potato yield under alkaline salt stress. In conclusion, exogenous EBR can enhance the tolerance of potato to alkaline salt stress by improving the antioxidant system and photosynthesis.

Abstract Background GAox is a key enzyme involved in GA biosynthesis pathway and plays an important role in regulating various processes in plant life cycle. However, it has not been systematic, studies have been conducted in potato, which is the world's fourth largest food crop. Methods In this work, we systematically identified GAox gene family (StGAox) in potato by analyzing the potato genome sequence using a set of bioinformatics approaches, and analyze their physical, chemical properties, distribution on chromosomes, gene structure, conserved motifs, gene duplication events and expression patterns were analyzed. Results The results showed that a total of 33 GAox proteins were identified and unevenly distributed on 10 chromosomes. Based on their protein structure and phylogenetic characteristics, these 33 StGAoxes were divided into 5 distinct subclasses. Collinearity analysis revealed that there were 5 pairs of duplicated genes in the StGAox gene family, and all of which evolved under purifying selection. Analysis of RNA-seq data of double haploid (DM) potatoes under different tissues, abiotic stresses and hormone treatments showed that PG0002068, PG0024249 and PG0027963 were higher expressed in leaves, PG009427, PG0026762, PG0009021 and PG0021095 were higher expressed in tubers, PG2003479, PG0024249, PG0005698, and PG0009021were higher expressed in shoots than those of other tissues. In addition, the expression of PG0002068, PG2003479, PG0032156, PG0024249, and PG0021292 were up-regulated under mannitol and drought stress. Conclusions Comparative genome-wide analysis of StGAox genes and their expression analyses revealed that members of this family may be involved in tissue-specific developmental and abiotic stress responses. Graphical Abstract

Heat and drought stresses usually occur together in nature, and both are expected to increase in frequency and intensity as a result of climate change. The synergistic impacts of these compound climate extremes on potatoes are far from the effects of individual stresses. However, the dynamics of the effects of combined heat and drought stresses on potato physiology and biochemistry have yet to be thoroughly assessed. To elucidate this point, we set up a pot experiment using ‘Atlantic’ potato seedlings as test material. A total of six treatments were set up: CK (normal growth conditions: 21 ℃, 0 PEG), A1B1 (31 ℃, 20

Abstract Background Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production is seriously threatened by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans). However, it remains unclear how the two potato cultivars, Q9 (moderately resistant) and Atl (susceptible), initiate distinct defense responses after inoculation with P. infestans. To uncover the underlying process, we investigated the dynamic gene expression profiles and the functions of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Results The results showed that the numbers of up-regulated DEGs were 1345, 1063 and 1694 in Q9 and 272, 603 and 2554 in Atl at 1 day post inoculation (dpi), 3 dpi and 5 dpi, respectively. Meanwhile, the down-regulated DEGs were 1557, 1417 and 389 in Q9 and 114, 364 and 2528 in Atl simultaneously. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that plant-pathogen interaction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and MAPK signaling pathway were significantly enriched in Q9 at the later stage. Furthermore, DEGs associated with plant-pathogen interaction and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis showed higher expression levels in Q9 compared to Atl, especially at the later stage. The expressions of eight DEGs were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), which further verified the accuracy of the transcriptomics analysis. In addition, DEGs that were exclusively up-regulated and down-regulated in Q9 were analyzed, which may contribute to the resistance of Q9. Transient expression analysis revealed that four DEGs, including StHP1, StMYB2, StHSP3 and StNAC5, exhibited increased tolerance to P. infestans, indicating a positive role in enhancing the resistance of Q9. Conclusion Therefore, the DEGs associated with plant-pathogen interaction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and MAPK signaling pathway were involved in regulating late blight, and the expression level of the related genes significantly increased in Q9. In addition, StHP1, StHSP3 and the transcription factors, including StMYB2 and StNAC5, played positive roles in improving the resistance of potato Q9 to P. infestans. These findings provide useful information for further understanding the molecular mechanism of potato resistance to late blight. Furthermore, our study identified novel resistance genes that can be used in resistance breeding and functional research. Graphical abstract

Potassium is an essential nutrient element for potato production. However, there is little research on how the base/topdressing ratio of potassium fertilizer affects plant growth. Therefore, in this 2-year (2022–2023) study, we used Longshu 7 as the experimental material and conducted a pot experiment. Under the condition of total potassium application of 5.4 g/plant, the potassium fertilizer base/topdressing ratios were as follows: CK (10:0), T1 (2:8), T2 (4:6), T3 (6:4), and T4 (8:2). We investigated the effects of potassium fertilizer application on dry matter quality, endogenous hormones, photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics, carbon and nitrogen metabolism and yield in potato. The results of the study demonstrated that potassium topdressing had a positive effect on plant growth through the optimization of endogenous hormone content and regulation of cell elongation. In addition, potassium application can enhance the activity of enzymes related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism, promote photosynthesis, improve the transport efficiency of photosynthetic products and enhance the dry matter quality of tubers. Among all the potassium topdressing treatments, the T2 treatment exhibited a significant difference. However, it is important to note that an excessive increase in the base/topdressing ratio of potassium fertilizer may have detrimental effects on the levels of gibberellin A3 (GA3) and starch content. Based on Pearson correlation analysis, it was determined that the activities of sucrose synthase (SuSy), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and glutamine synthetase (GS) play a significant role in influencing the dry matter quality of potato tubers. These findings provide valuable insights into the importance of these factors in potato production. Overall, the results of this study highlight the significance of maintaining an appropriate ratio of base to topdressing of potassium fertilizer. This optimal ratio ensures the efficient assimilation and utilization of nitrogen and carbon, ultimately serving as a valuable theoretical foundation for effective potassium fertilizer application in potato production.

In order to explore the differences of gender response of Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis to cadmium（Cd） in soil, this study used biennial seedlings of H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis as materials to study the differences in growth, leaf physiological characteristics and Cd accumulation characteristics of female and male seedlings under Cd concentration of 0（CK）, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg·kg -1 . The results showed that:（1） under Cd treatment, the growth of plant height, basal diameter and biomass of female and male H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis seedlings showed the phenomenon of low concentration(＜ 50 mg·kg -1 ) promotion and high concentration(＞ 100 mg·kg -1 ) inhibition. Under low concentration of Cd treatment, the growth rate of plant height, basal diameter and biomass of female seedlings were higher than those of males. Under high concentration of Cd treatment(200 mg·kg -1 ), the growth of plant height, the leaf biomass and the total biomass of male seedlings were significantly lower than those of CK, while those of female seedlings were not decrease significantly.（2） With the increasing of Cd concentration, the content of photosynthetic pigments and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of female and male seedlings increased at first and then decreased, and the contents of malondialdehyde（MDA） and osmoregulation substances increased. When the Cd concentration was 50-200 mg·kg -1 , the photosynthetic pigment content, antioxidant enzyme activities and osmoregulation substance contents in leaves of female seedlings were higher than those of males, while the MDA content was always lower than that of the males.（3） With the increasing of Cd concentration, the Cd content in various organs of female and male seedlings gradually increased and showed a trend of root ＞ stem ＞ leaf. The Cd content in various organs of female seedlings was higher than that of male seedlings. The bioconcentration factors（BCF） of aboveground and underground parts of female and male seedlings increased at first and then decreased, and all of them were higher than 1, while the translocation factors（TF） gradually decreased and were less than 1. The BCF and TF of aboveground and underground parts of female seedlings were higher than those of male seedlings. When the Cd concentration was 25-100 mg·kg -1 , the BCF of aboveground parts was significantly higher than that of male seedlings. It was found that H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis seedlings showed tolerance to Cd in certainly degree when the Cd concentration in soil was less than 50 mg·kg -1 . When the Cd concentration in soil was higher than 100 mg·kg -1 , the tolerance to Cd was weakened. The growth adaptability, physiological tolerance, enrichment and transport capacity of female seedlings to Cd in soil were stronger than male seedlings.

Excessive application of chemical fertilizer leads to the problems of low yield and poor quality of potatoes in semi-arid areas. Therefore, the present study aimed to improve potato productivity in a semi-arid region by the partial substitution of organic fertilizers for chemical fertilizers. The field trial was conducted to study the effects of different fertilizer treatments (CK1, no fertilization; CK2, urea 450 kg·ha−1, calcium superphosphate 375 kg·ha−1, potassium sulphate 525 kg·ha−1 (100

Background Continuous cropping can reduce soil quality and affect rhizosphere metabolism, ultimately reducing crop yield. Crop rotation can mitigate the damage caused by continuous cropping, but different crop rotation patterns respond differently to soil quality and rhizosphere metabolism. We investigated the effects of different cropping patterns on soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, microbial quantity, and rhizosphere metabolism of continuous potato cropping based on a long-term field study from 2018 to 2022. The experiment was set up with the following three treatments: potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.)-potato-potato-potato-potato (CK), potato-potato-potato-pea ( Pisum arvense L.)-potato (T1), and potato-potato-potato-faba bean ( Vicia faba L.)-potato (T2). Results The results showed that pea-potato rotation (T1) and faba bean-potato rotation (T2) significantly improved soil physicochemical properties and microbial quantity, enhanced enzyme activity, and increased yield by 21.19% and 28.38%, respectively, compared with the continuous potato crop. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis showed that the differential metabolites of pea-potato and faba bean-potato rotation were mainly nucleotides, organic acids and derivatives, and flavonoids compared to continuous potato cropping. These differential metabolites are mainly enriched in the ABC transporter, purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and phenylalanine metabolism pathways. Combined analyses showed that legume-potato rotations improved soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and microbial quantity of continuous potato cropping, ultimately increasing tuber yields. In addition, correlation analyses showed that differential metabolites significantly enriched in purine and phenylalanine metabolism ( l -Tyrosine, Trans-Cinnamic acid, Guanine, and Adenine) were also strongly associated with these measurements. Conclusions Therefore, we conclude that legume-potato rotations modulate the abundance and function of rhizosphere metabolites and significantly alter the low molecular metabolite profile of the soil under continuous potato conditions. Some of these important metabolites may play a part in the cycling of nutrients in the soil, making its physicochemical properties and microbial quantity better, raising the activity of soil enzymes, and ultimately increasing the yield of potato tubers. The above results indicate that legume-potato rotation has a positive effect on continuous potato soils. It lays a solid foundation for revealing the complex molecular network and metabolic pathways of microbial communities in soil after legume crop rotation. Graphical Abstract

Background Cadmium (Cd) pollution has brought harm to the growth and development of potato. Glutathione (GSH) is an important antioxidant that may play an active role in the response of a potato to Cd stress. However, how GSH influences the effect of Cd on potatoes is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous GSH on the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and plant hormone signal transduction pathway in potatoes under Cd stress to explore new ideas for how potatoes respond to Cd stress. We cultured 21-day-old 'Atlantic’ plantlets in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 500 μmol/L CdCl 2 or 500 μmol/L CdCl 2 + 400 μmol/L GSH. We then investigated the activities of key enzymes in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, hormone levels, and the expression levels of related genes at different time points. Results Analysis showed that 96 h of treatment with glutathione led to an increase in the expression levels of genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and peroxidase (POD); an increase in the enzymic activities of PAL, CAD and POD; and an increase in the content of lignin. The content of lignin was positively correlated with the expression levels of several genes (PAL: PG0031457, CAD: PG0005359, POD: PG0011640 and PG0015106). In addition, the levels of Salicylic acid (SA) and Jasmonic acid (JA) increased significantly, the expression levels of the genes encoding transcription factor TGA (PG2023696), pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1) (PG0005111), and the transcription inhibitor Aux/IAA (PG0006093) all increased while the expression levels of jasmonate ZIM domain-containing protein (JAZ) (PG0004367), auxin influx carrier (AUX) (PG0006550) and auxin response factor (ARF) (PG0005794) all decreased. We also observed a reduction in the content of IAA. Conclusion Exogenous GSH improved the tolerance of potato, Atlantic cv. to Cd stress by regulating the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and the plant hormone signal transduction pathway. Graphical Abstract

Background Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) continuous cropping causes the decrease of tuber yield, deterioration of quality and soil degradation in the semi-arid area. These negative effects can generally be mitigated by legume rotation and mulching. However, little is known about how can mulching and legume rotation alleviate the above damage through altering soil environment. Methods A field experiment was conducted to investigate changes in soil properties and microbial community in response to legume rotation and mulching under six planting patterns: potato continuous cropping without film mulching (PC), potato continuous cropping with film mulching (PCF), potato–broad bean rotation without film mulching (R1), potato–broad bean rotation with film mulching (R1F), potato–pea rotation without film mulching (R2) and potato–pea rotation with film mulching (R2F). Results Compared with the PC, the R1F and R2F had significantly enhanced the contents of alkaline nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN), but reduced soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC). The Shannon index of fungi in R1F and R2 was significantly higher than other treatments. The dominant bacterial and fungal phyla of each treatment was Proteobacteria and Ascomycota. R1, R1F, R2 and R2F enhanced the relative abundance of metabolic fungi and altered key differential microbial species. Soil EC, AN and AK were major factors influencing the soil bacterial and fungal communities. Conclusion Overall, the study demonstrated that potato-broad bean/pea rotation with mulching can be adopted as the preferred cropping systems to alleviate potato continuous cropping obstacles through enhancing soil fertility and regulating soil microbial communities in the semi-arid of Loess Plateau, China. Graphical Abstract

为缓解马铃薯连作障碍,以新大坪马铃薯为供试材料进行盆栽试验,设置4年龄清水苜蓿根际土壤浸提液与水5种不同配比(1:1、2:1、3:1、4:1、5:1)混合液作为处理,以浇灌等量水作为对照组(CK),探究不同浓度清水苜蓿土壤浸提液对连作马铃薯根际土壤环境酶活性和微生物群落的影响.结果表明,4:1混合液处理的土壤过氧化氢酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性较对照组提高10.14％、47.65％,厌氧型自生固氮菌、反硝化细菌的数量较对照组增加54.80％、36.78％,马铃薯产量较对照组提高10.52％;3:1混合液处理的土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性比对照组提高51.70％、55.27％,细菌、放线菌和好氧型自生固氮菌数量比对照组增加7.77％、58.91％、47.57％,同时有效地降低了真菌的数量,比对照组降低12.42％;1:1混合液处理的土壤过氧化氢酶活性仅低于4:1混合液处理,好氧型自生固氮菌数量仅低于3:1混合液处理;综合比较各项指标,2:1和5:1混合液处理的效果相对较差.不同浓度清水苜蓿土壤浸提液均可提高马铃薯根际土壤环境酶活性与部分微生物数量,降低真菌数量,进而有效改善根际土壤环境微生物群落结构,缓解马铃薯连作障碍,提高马铃薯产量;其中,4:1混合液处理改善效果最佳.

[目的]探究苜蓿土壤浸提液对连作马铃薯生理性状及块茎产量的影响,为马铃薯连作障碍的缓解和块茎产量提高提供理论依据.[方法]以青薯9号马铃薯为试验材料,以马铃薯5年连作田土壤为盆栽用土,将0,20,40,60,80和100 g清水苜蓿3年连作田0～20 cm根区土壤与1 L蒸馏水混合振荡提取土壤浸提液浇灌盆栽马铃薯,研究不同质量浓度苜蓿土壤浸提液对连作马铃薯植株生长、全株干物质量、根系形态、酶活性和渗透调节物质含量及产量的影响.[结果]在淀粉积累期,60 g/L处理马铃薯的株高、茎粗和全株干物质量分别较CK提高14.0％,33.3％和32.3％;总根长、根表面积、根体积、根直径、根尖数和根系活力较CK均显著增加;叶片SOD活性显著增强,而MDA和Pro含量显著降低.苜蓿土壤浸提液处理均能提高马铃薯产量,其中以T3处理增产幅度最大,增产率达39.4％.相关性分析表明,马铃薯单株产量与全株干物质量呈极显著正相关.[结论]苜蓿土壤浸提液可以有效改善连作马铃薯的生长状况,并能提高马铃薯产量,以60 g/L苜蓿土壤浸提液效果较好.

Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase1-like kinases (CrRLK1Ls), a class of plant-specific protein receptor kinases, play an important role in maintaining cell wall integrity, cell-to-cell communications, and biotic and abiotic stress response. In this study, StCrRLK1Ls family members were identified, and their physical and chemical characteristics, chromosome location, evolutionary characteristics, subcellular location, and the expression patterns were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that 17 StCrRLK1Ls members were detected, with amino acid size (753-997 aa), molecular weight (83.34-108.69 kD), and isoelectric point (5.30-7.56). Among them, StCrRLK1Ls were mainly predicted on plasma membrane. Evolutionary analysis indicated that CrRLK1Ls from potato, rice, apple, Arabidopsis, and tomato could be divided into seven subgroups, and StCrRLK1Ls were distributed in subgroups III, IV, V, VI, and VII. Moreover, StCrRLK1Ls were distributed on eight chromosomes, and there are three tandem repeat gene clusters, including six members. In addition, there were many cis-elements in the promoter region of StCrRLK1Ls, which mainly responded to hormones, defense, and stress signals. After the inoculation with Phytophthora infestans (Pi), a large number of StCrRLK1Ls were differentially expressed in Atlantic and Longshu 7, and the relative expression levels of StCrRLK1L8 and StCrRLK1L10 were obviously up-regulated during Pi infection. The relative expression levels of StCrRLK1L11 were 9.74 times compared with the control at eight days Atlantic inoculated Pi. We speculated that they could be used as the candidate genes for disease resistance and further functional analysis, which might play an important role in response to pathogenic fungi of potato.

[目的]探究马铃薯对不同形态铁肥的响应程度,为完善马铃薯施肥制度提供参考.[方法]以陇薯7号马铃薯为供试材料,在田间以喷施清水为对照(CK),对马铃薯进行喷施硫酸铁(T1)、硫酸亚铁(T2)、柠檬酸+硫酸铁混合(T3)、柠檬酸+硫酸亚铁混合(T4)、螯合铁EDTA-Fe Na(T5)5种不同形态铁肥处理,分析不同处理马铃薯块茎内源激素水平、产量及品质的变化情况.[结果]与对照相比,喷施铁肥可明显提高马铃薯块茎中脱落酸(ABA)和玉米素(ZT)含量,降低生长素(IAA)和赤霉素(GA3)含量,使马铃薯产量增加5.41％～27.39％,马铃薯块茎淀粉、Vc、蛋白质和还原糖含量分别增加14.60％～32.95％,3.42％～6.33％,19.18％～40.41％和16.21％～56.75％.[结论]叶面喷施不同形态铁肥可以不同程度地调控马铃薯块茎内源激素含量,提高马铃薯产量和品质,且以螯合铁ED-TA-Fe Na(T5)和柠檬酸+硫酸铁混合(T3)肥效较佳.

Background The growth of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) is severely affected by the complex and variable soil environment, and film mulching has been widely used for potato growth in semiarid areas of western China. However, there are few studies on the effects of film mulching on soil quality and tuber yield in potato fields. Methods The effects of four mulching patterns (flat plot without film mulching, FP; flat plot with film mulching, FPM; ridge planting with half mulch, RPHM; ridge planting with full mulch, RPFM) on soil chemical and biological properties and potato tuber yield were investigated during two growing seasons (2018 and 2019) in the field. Results The results showed that compared with FP, the mulching treatments significantly increased the tuber yield of potato, with an increase of 3.7–20.77% and 7.89–26.35% in 2018 and 2019, respectively, and the yield of RPFM was higher than that of other treatments. In both growing seasons, RPFM significantly increased the contents of alkali-hydrolyzed N and available P, and the activities of soil urease, catalase, alkaline phosphatase, and sucrase. Bacterial and actinomycete counts were significantly higher in RPFM than those in the other treatments. Furthermore, RPFM significantly increased large potatoes and decreased small potatoes. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that soil alkaline dissolved nitrogen and actinomycete populations were the main factors affecting potato yield formation. Conclusions These results indicate that RPFM can improve the soil environment and further increase potato tuber yield, which is a viable option for potato production in semiarid areas. Graphical Abstract

The wall-associated kinases (WAKs) and wall-associated kinase like (WAKL) play a vital regulating role in responses to diverse environment stresses and pathogenic microbes in plants. This experiment aims to predict the members, gene structure, subcellular and chromosomal localization, cis-acting elements, system evolution, selective pressure, docking analysis and expression of StWAK-RLK gene family by bioinformatics approaches. In total, 16 StWAK and 13 StWAKL genes were identified in potato genome. Six tandem gene clusters containing 21 members were found from StWAK-RLKs. Based on evolutionary tree analysis, we revealed the obvious evolutionary characteristics in plants. The Ka/Ks ratio of 15 collinearity gene pairs suggested that the StWAK-RLK gene family underwent a purifying selection. Cis-elements in the StWAK-RLKs promoter region mainly responded to plant hormones, flavonoid metabolite, biotic stresses, defense and stress signals. Based on qRT-PCR data analysis, 11 genes verified the prediction accuracy of cis-acting elements. The expressions of StWAK1, 5, 6, 14, StWAKL4 and StWAKL13 were gradually upregulated with the increase in the Phytophthora infestans (Pi) infection time. The expressions of StWAK2, 7, 8, 9, StWAKL3 and 11were significantly induced under Pi inoculation. In addition, docking analyses showed that pectin had high binding affinity to StWAK9, StWAKL3, StWAKL4 and StWAKL11. This finding provides a vital regulation role in anti-stress signals in potato and provides a reference for the potential functional analysis and plant breeding of WAK-RLK genes in the future.