为研究大跨扁平超大断面隧道围岩和支护结构受力变形影响,以连霍高速杏花村1 号隧道为工程背景,采用有限元软件FLAC3D对V级围岩进行数值模拟,对双侧壁导坑法和三台阶四部开挖法在隧道开挖时的位移、塑性区、初期支护应力的影响规律进行了研究,提出适用于大跨扁平超大断面隧道不同地质条件下安全经济的开挖方法.对比分析结果表明:隧道开挖时,采用三台阶四部开挖法的隧道拱顶位移、临时支护结构的应力、隧道岩体周边位移较采用双侧壁导坑法大.双侧壁导坑法安全性更高,对围岩位移的控制效果更好,研究成果为今后此类工程的施工提供经验和理论指导.

In order to explore the feasibility of coal gasification slags as cement admixture, the strength mechanism of cement cementitious hardening products affected by coal gasification slags was studied. The differences of the formation processes between coal gasification slags or fly were analyzed by comparison with each other. The microstructure and phase composition of coal gasification slags, fly ash and their cement cementitious products were studied by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray diffraction test. Cement mortar specimens with coal gasification slags or fly under different dosages were prepared respectively, and the mechanical strength values of cement mortars at different ages were tested. The results show that the distinct formation processes of fly ash and coal gasification slags lead to their great differences in micro-morphology and material compositions. Their ignition loss can be sorted from large to small as fine coal gasification slag, coarse coal gasification slag, fly ash, and the residual carbon content of fine slag is much higher than that of coarse slag and fly ash. Coal gasification coarse slag appears mainly in lamellar and massive structure. The fine slag possesses mostly honeycomb flocs with a small number of spherical particles. Fly ash presents mostly in spherical structures. There are similar in their elemental compositions, including aluminosilicate minerals with pozzolanic activity. The ettringite formed in the coarse slag slurry is thick needle-like and interwoven into reticular structure, while it is fine needle-like and well distributed around the C-S-H gel in fly ash slurry. No obvious ettringite phase is found in fine slag slurry. The amount of the Ca（OH） 2 from cement hydration, consumed by the coarse slag is greater than that by fly ash. The active mineral phase in the fine slag is surrounded by residual carbon, so the pozzolanic activity cannot be released, and the residual carbon also affects the hydration process of cement. The 7 d strength of cement mortar mixed with fly ash or coal gasification slags is lower than that of reference cement mortar. The compressive strength of cement mortar mixed with fly ash is higher than that of reference mortar at 28 d. The compressive strength of cement mortar mixed with coarse slag is equal to that of reference mortar, while the strength of cement mortar mixed with fine slag is much lower than that of reference mortar. Coarse slag can be used as cement admixture in place of 5%（mass fraction, the same below） cement, but fine slag is inappropriate used as cement admixture directly. The research results can provide an important reference for comprehensive development and utilization of coal gasification slags. 5 tabs, 7 figs, 29 refs.

为探讨公路技术状况指标体系中各项评价指标对路面综合评价指标的贡献率,以国家高速公路 G3012 吐和路段上行为研究对象,以数据驱动技术的权重量化为视角,通过 K 均值聚类法对公路进行分段,应用反向传播神经网络构建路面综合评价指标预测模型,并结合平均影响值方法分析各项评价指标与路面综合评价指标的权重关系.以高速公路测试段为例进行研究,结果表明:K均值聚类法将路段分为 3 个区域时会更好地呈现研究对象跨越不同区域的现状,通过反向传播神经网络和平均值算法组合模型,得出路面跳车评价指标对路面综合评价指标的贡献率高于路面抗滑性能评价指标约 87.65%、94.48%及 87.40%,与现行规范中固定权重之间存在明显差异,为沥青路面使用性能评价体系引入基于数据驱动的权重精细化提供了一些参考思路.

为研究玄武岩纤维沥青混合料在干旱荒漠区的路用性能,对AC-13C型沥青混合料配合比进行设计,通过车辙试验、冻融劈裂试验分析掺入 0.4%玄武岩纤维对沥青混合料高温性能和水稳定性的影响,通过对试验路技术状况的检测评价玄武岩纤维沥青路面的使用性能.结果表明,掺入 0.4%玄武岩纤维能显著提升沥青混合料的高温稳定性,动稳定度是普通沥青混合料的2.7 倍,同时可改善沥青混合料的水稳定性;玄武岩纤维沥青路面的破损状况、防滑性能与抗渗性能均优于普通沥青路面.

为缓解半刚性基层沥青路面裂缝病害,选取新型防裂基布和聚酯玻璃纤维布2种不同材料土工布进行防治反射裂缝试验效果研究.通过室内试验,对2种土工布的厚度、质量、拉伸强度、撕裂强度、CBR顶破强力等关键指标进行检测,对比分析其物理性质和受力性能.结果表明,聚丙烯材质的新型防裂基布具有良好的抗撕裂性,其能承受的顶破强力约为聚酯玻璃纤维布的4倍,抗拉强度保持率和强力保持率高于聚酯玻璃纤维布,其防反射裂缝效果优于聚酯玻璃纤维布.

为探究地方高等院校全日制专业型硕士人才培养质量,以新疆农业大学全日制交通运输专业学位硕士研究生为例,通过问卷调查方式进行人才培养质量现状调查.基于结构方程模型和中介效应模型,选取专业硕士培养质量、导师指导、实习实践、专业课程以及个人努力为潜在变量,以个体为分析单位,建立具有较强合理性的专业硕士培养模式结构方程模型,分析运算结果并提出优化措施.结果表明:模型适配度良好,实习实践、专业课程以及导师指导对培养成果有正相关的作用,实习实践、专业课程、导师指导对个人努力有正相关影响,个人努力在模型中起到部分中介作用,且对培养质量有正相关影响.

公路沥青路面的使用性能可以直接反映路面的使用状况,是路面养护后评价的重要依据.基于突出"局部差异"法和TOPSIS法构建路面使用性能评价模型,将计算出的权重系数进行优化,对我国新疆吐鲁番G3012高速公路(小草湖至库米什区间)养护效果进行路用性能分析,对不同路段的养护方案做出养护后评价.计算结果表明:对突出"局部差异"法计算得到的权重系数进行优化后,更符合道路实际状况;当养护方案选择铣刨罩面时,选择"旧路铣刨4 cm+加铺5 cm AC-16C橡胶沥青+同步碎石封层"的方案,在通车4年后路段的路面使用性能更好,该方案可作为该地区其他路段进行养护时的参考.

针对交通工程学课程在传统教学中存在的不足,课题组引入OBE教学理念,遵循"学以致用"的基本原则,明晰课程教学目标,结合新颖的教学工具,采用线上线下混合教学模式,扩充教学资源,丰富课程教学内容,注重过程性考核,构建多元化考核评价机制.课程改革实践结果表明,以学生为中心的教学改革模式不仅培养了学生的自主学习能力,而且锻炼了学生的实际动手能力,将课堂知识真正内化为学生综合能力和素养,提高了教学质量,实现了教学培养目标.

工程实践能力的培养是专业学位研究生教育的重点,文章在"交通强国"和"双一流"学科建设的背景下,结合本校交通运输工程学科发展现状,针对专业学位硕士研究生的培养需求,建设了面向"交通工程""物流工程"和"车辆工程"方向的交通系统仿真课程案例库和实验指导书,并将建设成果运用到课堂和实践教学,进而为改善实践教学环境、提升学生的专业素养和学术水平,进而提高硕士研究生的培养质量,从而为培养高素质交通运输工程人才打下坚实的基础.

为解决乌鲁木齐市城市道路半刚性基层沥青路面横、纵向裂缝和车辙病害严重的问题,选取乌鲁木齐市城市道路典型的半刚性基层沥青路面结构,对面层厚度、基层模量以及基层厚度进行规律性的变化,研究沥青路面结构在不同行车荷载作用下的力学分布及变化规律.利用ANSYS有限元软件对不同行车荷载作用下的半刚性基层沥青路面结构进行仿真计算,并对提取的数据进行分析.结果表明:随着沥青路面厚度的增加,沥青层拉应力和剪应力均逐渐减小,但减小幅度却各有不同;随着半刚性基层厚度的增加,沥青层拉应力和剪应力均逐渐减小,且减小幅度均较小;随着半刚性基层模量的增加,竖向位移和沥青层剪应力均逐渐减小.因此,建议沥青面层在18～20 cm取值,半刚性基层厚度在35～40 cm取值,半刚性基层模量在1500～1600 MPa取值.

针对《交通影响分析》课程存在的不足,引入OBE教学理念,遵循"学以致用"基本原则,定位课程教学目标,重构课程教学内容,创新教学方法,采用线上线下相结合的教学方式,丰富教学资源,构建过程性考核及多元化考核评价方式.课程改革实践结果表明,以学生能力培养为中心的教学改革模式提高了学生实践动手能力,锻炼了学生创新思维能力,将课堂知识真正内化为学生综合能力和素养,改善了教学质量,实现了教学培养目标.

路网的养护决策受多因素共同影响,决策模型的建立是养护决策的关键.建立了城市道路网养护决策的指标体系,利用专家赋权法和熵权法建立路网养护决策评价指标的权重求解模型;结合物元模型建立路网养护决策评价模型,实现了路网养护决策的优化;文章利用该模型对石河子市城市道路网的实际情况进行分析.研究结果表明:采用综合专家赋权法和熵权法确定评价指标的权重得出的组合权重更科学与合理,模型的普适性更强.

城市道路需要维护,以增加使用寿命和保证安全性.以新疆维吾尔自治区石河子市城市道路修复工程为研究对象,运用CICS路面检测车、自动弯沉仪检测车等设备,对某城市道路进行路面检测,分析病害成因,提出处置建议.研究发现:1)全幅路段路面状况指数(PCI)平均值为71.67,路面磨损较为严重;2)路面行驶质量指数(RQI)平均值为67.38,行驶质量较差;3)每公里修正后双侧代表弯沉平均值为36.42 mm,路面结构强度较小;4)全幅路面病害主要为纵、横向裂缝,伴有少量松散、龟裂病害.根据病害成因,提出针对性的养护方案:一是清除接缝中的废料和异物,重新封缝;二是对沥青混凝土面层进行铣刨,实施同步碎石封层作业,并加铺防水防裂基布.

Temperature is known to be one of the most important factors affecting the design and performance of asphalt concrete pavement. The distresses of asphalt overlay are closely related to its temperature, particularly in Guangxi, a hot-humid-climate region in China. This research is to analyze the impact of meteorological factors on temperature at 2 cm depth in asphalt overlay by ReliefF algorithm and also obtain the temperature prediction model using MATLAB. Two test sites were installed to monitor the temperatures at different pavement depths from 2014 to 2016; meanwhile, the meteorological data (including air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, and relative humidity) were collected from the two meteorological stations. It has been found that the temperature at 2 cm depth experiences greater temperature variation, and the maximum and minimum temperatures of asphalt overlay, respectively, occur at 2 cm depth and on the surface. Besides, the results of ReliefF algorithm have also shown that the temperature at 2 cm depth is affected significantly by solar radiation, air temperature, wind speed, and the relative humidity. Based on these analyses, the prediction model of maximum temperature at 2 cm depth is developed using statistical regression. Moreover, the data collected in 2017 are used to validate the accuracy of the model. Compared with the existing models, the developed model was confirmed to be more effective for temperature prediction in hot-humid region. In addition, the analysis of rutting depth and overlay deformation for the two test sections with different materials is done, and the results have shown that reasonable structure and materials of asphalt overlay are vital to promote the high-temperature antideforming capability of pavement.

基于疲劳和现场足尺抗裂性能试验,对新型防裂基布的抗疲劳和抗裂性能进行试验验证,同时对新疆半刚性基层沥青路面养护工程中已使用新型防裂基布和未使用防裂基布路段的路面破损指数、平整度指数、车辙指数、裂缝率等进行对比分析,评价使用新型防裂基布路段沥青路面的使用性能;对使用新型防裂基布路段沥青路面钻取芯样进行抗剪切试验,分析沥青面层的层间结合情况.结果表明,使用新型防裂基布路段的防裂效果较好,防裂基布能有效延缓沥青路面反射裂缝的发展;使用防裂基布能保证面层和基层层间结合良好.

制定合适的旧沥青路面养护方案的前提是对各检测路段旧沥青路面使技术状况准确评价,从而合理使用有限的资金达到养护目标.因而,将灰色聚类法引入国省干线公路旧路使用性能评价,文中以新疆某二级公路的路况检测数据,对该检测路段的使用性能进行综合评价及养护建议,提供了对二级公路沥青混凝土路面性能评价和养护对策的改进依据.

Aging is an important cause of the performance decline for bitumen. Research on the composition and micro-structure contributes to a better understanding of the bitumen aging. In this study, five bitumens from different oil sources were chosen for the aging tests and then separated into four compositions. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM) were utilized to test molecular weight, prominent function groups and surface morphology of single composition, respectively. Moreover, prominent function groups and surface morphology of the five bitumens before and after aging were investigated by FTIR and AFM. Based on the experimental evidences, it was found that light compositions were evolved into heavy compositions and prominent function groups increased after aging. The “bee” structures observed by AFM on bitumen surface probably originated from asphaltenes and partial resins and they became gradually indistinguishable after aging. Besides, some sunken regions or micro-cracks appeared around the “bee” structures after aging. There are some correlations between composition variation and micro-structure evolution during aging. The greater the colloid index decreased, the faster the indexes of the carbonyl functions and the sulfoxide functions grew, and the peak height and roughness of surface morphology on bitumen decreased with the decline of the colloid index.

基于燃油消耗建立了新疆1993～2017年农田作业拖拉机PM10,PM2.5,HC,NOx和CO排放时间序列清单,并分析了其演变趋势.从经济发展水平,拖拉机自身的影响和科学技术3个维度出发构建了以柴油机为主要动力的拖拉机污染物排放影响因素清单,并基于粗糙集理论定量分析了污染物排放影响因素.结果表明:1993～2017年新疆拖拉机污染物排放总量处于上升趋势,25a增长了2.0527倍,年均增长率3.67％,单位功率排放量下降了40.03％.农业机械排放标准的提高对污染物排放治理的作用明显.对污染物排放影响因素的定量分析结果显示,总动力、拖拉机数量、机耕面积、机播面积、机收面积、农业机械购置投入、农户固定资产投入和单位功率排放量对污染物排放的影响程度分别为0.2591,0.2491,0.0841,0.0759,0.0934,0.0568,0.0701,0.0701.经济发展水平、拖拉机自身的影响和科学技术对拖拉机污染物影响程度分别为:0.6350,0.2530和0.1119.建立的排放清单和变化趋势较好的反映新疆农业机械污染物排放现状,所得出的结果较好的反映了新疆社会经济,农业机械化和科技水平对拖拉机污染物排放的影响程度.

本文以新疆地区常用水泥、二灰及级配砂砾等半刚性基层材料,选用典型的骨架密实型及悬浮密实型级配,通过无侧限抗压强度试验、劈裂强度试验、抗压回弹模量试验等研究了二灰稳定砂砾设计参数与龄期、水泥稳定砂砾设计参数与水泥剂量的关系,采用数理统计方法确定了新疆地区无机结合料稳定砂砾半刚性基层的设计参数取值范围.

新疆北疆地区城市道路沥青路面冬季大多存在低温和积雪的情况.调查分析表明:低温导致的沥青路面开裂及由积雪冻融引起的继发水损害是新疆北疆城市道路沥青路面破坏的主导成因.针对这种情况,如何从路基横断面型式、路面结构组合、沥青混合料类型选择,沥青混合料体积指标控制、沥青品种选取等方面进行综合设计是必须关注的重要问题.本文针对新疆乌鲁木齐市城市道路沥青路面的实际使用情况,分析并探讨了低温积雪地区城市道路沥青路面设计中应注意的问题,并推荐了低温积雪地区城市道路沥青路面典型结构型式.