The environmental adaptability of dwellings not only shows up in the adaptation to geology, topography, climate and other natural environments, but also in the adaptation to the ethnic, historical and social environments. The Northwestern Sichuan Plateau is located in the northwestern part of Sichuan province, where the land is sparsely populated, with high mountains and deep valleys. It has long winter and no summer throughout the year, with spring and autumn coming in succession. Frequent seismic activity often causes geological hazard such as landslide.It’s home to twenty-five ethnic groups, mainly Tibetans, therefore has a integrated and diversified culture. The livelihood of Tibetan people is agriculture-based, with animal husbandry as a secondary industry. Their common religious belief is Buddhism. The environmental adaptation of traditional Tibetan stone masonry dwellings in Northwestern Sichuan Plateau is mainly manifested in the following aspects: firstly, they are usually located in flat and sunny terrain with shelter from the wind and a small cultivating radius, and are often close to water supplies; secondly, the stone masonry dwellings are often three-storey or four-storey, with each floor serving different functions;thirdly, they are made with local materials, including local stone with good load-bearing capability,insulation and durability, and loess with strong viscosity as adhesive; fourthly, the remarkable integrity and stability manifested in their structure and form of wall reflect the need for earthquake resistance and safety; fifthly, the stone walls and setting of doors and windows serve defensive function besides cold-resistance; lastly, their function division, form and decoration highlight the distinctive characteristics of the Tibetan culture.

以川西北高原地区为研究区,基于2010、2015和2020年土地利用数据,从景观格局的角度构建生态风险评价体系,分析其生态风险时空特征.结果表明:(1)研究期间,草地和林地面积变化显著,草地面积比例由2010年的60.68％减少到2020年的59.03％,林地的面积比例由2010年的30.62％增长到2020年的31.94％;(2)川西北高原生态风险整体呈现西部、东北和东南地区高,东部地区低的空间分布特征;(3)2010—2020年区域生态风险等级由高向低转化了72.834×105 hm2,而生态风险等级由低转化为高的面积为66.845×105 hm2,生态风险整体降低.

Objective: Studying the coupling relationship between multidimensional poverty and geological disaster risk is a beneficial exploration for the collaborative promotion of disaster and poverty reduction. Methods: Taking Sichuan province as the research area, this study adopted the multidimensional poverty index and the information content model to quantitatively evaluate the multidimensional poverty and geological disaster risk in 2019, and uses the coupling coordination degree model to explore their coupling relationship and coordinated development. Results: The development level of high-altitude areas and remote mountainous areas was lower than that of plain and hilly areas, and the spatial difference of multidimensional poverty is obvious. The risk of geological disaster is relatively high overall in the alpine valley regions of Western, Southern and Northern Sichuan. The coupling level of multidimensional poverty and geological disasters is comparatively prominent. The overall coordination degree is relatively high. There existed obvious gathering areas in places of disorder of both poverty and disaster, disaster risk lag, poverty lag and synchronous development. In contrast, the coordinated-disaster risk and the poverty lags were relatively scattered. The unbalanced development between eastern and western Sichuan is comparatively prominent. More efforts will be paid to pursue poverty and disaster reduction in a highly collaborative way. Conclusion: This study gives data support for the long-term mechanism established in Sichuan province for forestalling and defusing the risk of returning to poverty caused by disease so that the international community can learn from China's experience through observation and collaboration in terms of poverty and disaster reduction.

Using recycled aggregates to prepare geopolymer concrete plays an essential role in reducing dependence on natural resources and solving the problem of waste accumulation. However, the application of geopolymer recycled aggregate concrete (GRC) has been greatly limited due to the defects in the quality of recycled aggregates and the limitations of the brittleness of concrete materials. Therefore, the work is dedicated to improving GRC properties and exploring the mechanism of action of steel fiber (SF) and nano-Al2O3. In this study, calcined gangue, slag, fly ash, and recycled aggregate were used as raw materials, the influence of SFs (0-1.25 vol%) was first explored by single factor analysis, and on this basis, the effect of nano-Al2O3 (NA) (0-2 wt%) on the GPC performance of SF was studied. The microstructure of GRC was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The test results showed that adding SF could significantly improve the splitting tensile and flexural strength of GRC, among which 0.75 vol% is the most excellent. However, the increase in compressive strength could be more apparent. The addition of NA can make up for the lack of SF in improving compressive performance. When NA content is 1 wt%, the version of GRC is most apparent. Adding 1% NA has the most significant advance in GRC performance. The microstructure analysis showed that the NA could promote the polymerization reaction, generate more gel, and make the contact interface between SF and matrix more compact, thus improving the strength of GRC.

Mountainous areas are susceptible to disasters; the frequent occurrence of disasters drives the changes in ecosystem service value (ESV) and also brings certain ecological risk, which further increases the incidence of disasters. However, few scholars have investigated the spatiotemporal correlation between the ESV of disaster-prone mountainous areas and ecological risk index (ERI) with basin as the unit. This paper aims to clarify the spatial relationship between ESV and ERI under the changes of land use. Taking the upper reaches of the Minjiang River as the study area, the authors collected the land use data of 2000-2020, estimated ESV by the value equivalent factor per unit area method, and constructed the ERI. On this basis, the relationship between ESV and ERI was investigated in details. The results show the following: (1) From 2000 to 2020, the total ESV exhibited a fluctuating upward trend. The spatial distribution of ESV was greatly affected by slope and altitude; an important reason for the rising ESV in the study area is the increase of forest area and water area. (2) The upper reaches of the Minjiang River had a generally low ERI and relatively good overall ecoenvironment. After 2010, however, the ecological risk continued to rise. Most of the strongly high risk areas are areas with frequent human activities, such as low-altitude areas and river banks. (3) There is a spatial correlation and coupling between ESV and ERI in the study area; i.e., the strongly high ESV areas generally had a low ecological risk. The correlation intensified with the elapse of time. The changes in the service value of regional ecosystems driven by unreasonable land use will have a great impact on the ecoenvironment. By clarifying the spatiotemporal relationship between ESV and ERI, this research provides theoretical basis and data support to the formulation of ecoenvironmental restoration and protection plans for the upper reaches of the Minjiang River and to the coordinated development between society, economy, and ecoenvironment in the region.

The earthquake and its secondary geological disasters have some long-term effects on vegetation recovery, and the spatiotemporal differentiation of vegetation coverage in earthquake-stricken areas are often not valued by researchers. Beichuan County in Sichuan Province is the worst-hit area during Wenchuan earthquake, tracking the vegetation coverage in this disaster area can provide feedback for post-earthquake ecological restoration. Based on remote sensing (RS) and Geographic information system (GIS), this paper relies on dimidiate pixel model (DPM) and vegetation coverage transfer matrix to explore the vegetation coverage of the earthquake worst-hit area. The results show that the overall level of vegetation coverage in Beichuan county is high, and earthquakes are dominant in the areas with high vegetation coverage. Besides, earthquake can do most severe damages to the areas with high vegetation coverage, followed by medium damage impacting to the areas with medium vegetation coverage, but the damage of other areas are relatively small. From 2007 to 2020, the average vegetation coverage in Beichuan County decreased from 0.835 in 2007 to 0.755 in 2008, then gradually recovered to 0.826 in 2020, experiencing a sharp decline and then a steady increase. The recovery of vegetation coverage is improved over time, but the spatiotemporal differences of the recovery process are obvious. Elevation has the largest driving force on vegetation coverage (q = 0.569, p less than 0.001), followed by temperature and rainfall; the interaction between factors has a significant increasement in the spatial differentiation of vegetation coverage, indicating that vegetation coverage is a combination result of multiple factors. The research findings can help construct the scientific management of the eco-environment in the disaster area, it can also help builda medium to long-term ecological restoration plan according to the variation in vegetation coverage.

Rural settlements are the spatial carriers of rural multifunctionality, and various issues related to livability are the main manifestations and causes of unbalanced and insufficient rural development. In the new era, it is imperative to promote the livability of rural settlements with the implementation of rural revitalization. However, compared with urban settlements, there are still fewer studies on the livability of rural settlements, especially those in disaster-prone areas; thus, this paper takes the upper reaches of the Minjiang River as the study area. It adopts GIS spatial analysis and the model of minimum cumulative resistance, etc., to conduct a livability evaluation and construct an optimization model by innovatively taking five aspects into account including site security and resource endowment. The results show that: (1) The overall livability of the region is relatively good, and the main factors affecting the livability are site security and economic affluence; (2) The location of rural settlements was highly livability-oriented, and the area of rural settlements in the moderate- and high-livability zones accounted for more than 90%; and (3) The key to improving the livability of rural settlements lies in the construction of development synergy, disaster management, cultural preservation and industrial upgrading, and thus, four types of settlement livability enhancement are proposed. The research results provide theoretical support for the construction of livable villages in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River and similar mountainous areas.

Being closely related to ecosystem services, land use changes can affect ecosystem service functions by acting on ecosystem patterns and its processes, thus having impact on regional sustainable development. Taking the Western Sichuan Plateau as the study area based on land use data from 1990 to 2020, the CA-Markov model was employed to predict the land use pattern under natural change scenarios, and the improved InVEST model and equivalent method were used to evaluate the ecosystem services in the study area from two different perspectives, as to analyze the evolution trend. The results show that: 1) From 1990 to 2020, the carbon storage in the Western Sichuan Plateau showed a fluctuating increase, with an average annual increase of 3.17 × 107 t, of which the total contribution rate of woodland and grassland to the total carbon storage exceeded 95%. In recent 30 years, the carbon storage of the Western Sichuan Plateau has little spatial variation, with the increase and decrease regions accounting for less than 5% with overall sporadically dots-like distribution. 2) Ecosystem Service Value (ESV) increased by 1.36 × 1010 yuan in the past 30 years, which was similar to carbon storage and showed a wave-like increase; the contribution rate of woodland to the total ESV of the study area was more than 68%, occupying the dominant position. ESV was generally stable in the past 30 years, and the area with significant changes accounted for less than 9%, mainly located in the northeast and southwest of the study area. 3) In the next 10 years, under the current ecological protection measures, the carbon storage and ESV of the Western Sichuan Plateau will increase by 5.3980 × 107 t and 2.4087 × 109 yuan compared with that of 2020, indicating a positive development of ecosystem service function. This study results provides a scientific basis for the adjustment of land use structure and the management decision of ecological environment protection in the Western Sichuan Plateau.

Research on the poverty risk caused by disasters in disaster - prone areas is a useful exploration to coordinate social economic development with disaster prevention and reduction, and is of great significance to regional sustainable development. Based on statistical data and spatial data, this paper takes Sichuan Province as the typical research area. Remote sensing and geographic information technology are used to study the poverty risk caused by disasters based on the quantitative evaluation of geological disasters risk and regional development level. the spatial differentiation characteristics of poverty risk caused by disasters are explored on the 1 km × 1 km grid scale. The results indicate that: (1) The overall risk of geological disasters in Sichuan Province is relatively high, with high and relatively high risk areas accounting for more than 40%, low and relatively low risk areas accounting for less than 30%. The risks in Mountain and Ravine Areas are significantly higher than other areas. (2) The regional development level in Sichuan Province is relatively high, but with significant the spatial differences. The development level of high-altitude areas and remote mountainous areas is quite different from that of the Chengdu Plain in the middle Sichuan Province. the problem of uneven development in the east, middle, and west is prominent. (3) The poverty risk caused by disasters is high, and the spatial pattern presents a characteristic of “high in the west and low in the east” with high positive spatial correlation. High - High Cluster Areas are mainly distributed in western and southwestern Sichuan. Low - Low Outlier Areas are mainly distributed in Chengdu Plain and Hilly Areas of Sichuan Basin. High - Low Outlier and Low - High Outlier Areas occupy a relatively small percentage with scattered distribution. This paper provides a reference for the coordinated management of disaster prevention and reduction, as well as social and economic development in underdeveloped areas.

The carbon sequestration function of the ecosystem is one of the most important functions of ecosystem service, and it of great significance to study the spatio-temporal differentiation of carbon storage for promoting regional sustainable development. Ecosystems on the Western Sichuan Plateau are highly variable, but its spatio-temporal differentiation and driving factors are not yet clear. In this study, on the basis of land use monitoring data, meteorological and demographic data interpreted from Landsat remote sensing image, and through GIS analysis tools, the carbon storage module of InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs) model was used to estimate carbon storage and geodetector was used to detect the driving factors of carbon storage spatial differentiation. The results show that: (1) The carbon storage increased to 1.2455 × 10 10 t from 1.2438 × 10 10 t in the past 20 years, the ecosystem developed in a healthy way overall. (2) Carbon storage show High-High and Low-Low aggregation characteristics, but the area decreased by 1481.81 km 2 and 311.11 km 2 respectively, and the spatial cluster effect gradually weakened. (3) HAI is the leading factor causing the spatio-temporal differentiation of regional carbon storage, followed by temperature and NDVI; the interaction between factors significantly enhances the spatial differentiation of carbon storage, indicating that the change of carbon storage is the result of the joint action of natural and socioeconomic factors. The results of the study provide some theoretical basis for the development of differentiated ecological regulation models and strategies, and help to promote high-quality regional development.

为科学认识四川省西南山区乡村聚落空间分布的影响因素,选取凉山彝族自治州中部的德昌县为典型研究区,基于由2018年土地利用数据提取的乡村聚落图斑,借助ArcGIS空间分析方法和最小累积阻力模型,分析了海拔、坡度、坡向、河流、交通等因素对乡村聚落空间分布的影响.研究表明:德昌县乡村聚落主要分布在海拔1700m以下、坡度小于15 o的区域,58.13％的乡村聚落选择布局在阳坡、半阳坡坡向,乡村聚落具有明显的邻河流与交通干线指向特征.研究结果揭示了影响乡村聚落布局的主要因素,可为制定美丽乡村建设和聚落空间格局优化等措施提供理论依据.

The authors established a pressure-state-response (P-S-R) evaluation system, using 3S technologyand comprehensive evaluation method, a systematic study on the fault effect of the dynamic changes in the study area's ecological environment is conducted. The result shows that the ecological environment problems around the seismogenic fault are more prominent. The closer to the fault, the worse the ecological environment is. The area within 3 km from seismogenic fault is in high risk where the quality of the ecological environment is declining, and within the range of 0-2 km is the area where ecological environment declines most significantly. The susceptibility of geological disasters around the fault zone leads to a decline in the stability of the regional ecosystem. The area surrounding the fault zone should be regarded as a key area for post-earthquake monitoring and ecological restoration. Seismogenic fault often has better natural resources and site conditions. Therefore, the speed of ecological restoration is significantly higher than that of other regions. In the process of ecological restoration and reconstruction, favourable factors around the seismogenic fault must be fully utilised to accelerate the recovery of the ecological environment. The research results are of great significance to the post-disaster ecological environment protection and coordinated socio-economic development.

Water is the major guarantee for ecological restoration and a virtuous ecological cycle. This study is based on spatial information processing technology and mathematical modeling. The results demonstrate that the overall trend in regional modulus of eco-water conservation (MEC) and quantity of eco-water conservation (QEC) was dropped dramatically and then gradually increased from 2007 to 2017. The restoration process of eco-water conservation capacity cannot match both in time and space. Moreover, there are significant differences in MEC between different land types. Serious destruction of forestland are the leading factors of the 14.27% decrease in MEC of the study area after earthquake. Besides, there is an apparently positive correlation between MEC distribution and slope changes on the whole (p < 0.05), so the earthquake has the greatest impact on MEC if the surface slope is between 15° and 35°. Furthermore, the average MEC in areas below 3,000 m above sea level is higher than in other areas, and the MEC reduction rate after the earthquake is 31.85% higher than the areas above 3,000 m. In addition, the disturbance of MEC around faults was more often than that in other areas.

Received: 3 March 2020 Accepted: 18 June 2020 The 2008 Sichuan Earthquake brought severe damage and long-lasting impact to the ecoenvironment in the disaster area. To restore and protect the eco-environment, it is important to grasp the eco-environmental situation of the disaster area in a rapid, accurate, and dynamic manner. With the aid of geographical information system (GIS), this paper extracts the key parameters of the eco-environment, and establishes an evaluation index system for ecoenvironment quality. On this basis, the eco-environment quality of the disaster area was evaluated based on the 2007-2017 Landsat remote sensing images, using the analytic network process (ANP). The results show that the eco-environment quality of the disaster area was improving, but the restoration process varied greatly around fault zone and on river banks, which should be the focal points of monitoring; the spatiotemporal difference in ecoenvironment restoration is mainly attributable to the development degree of secondary geological disasters, and indirectly caused by formation lithology; there was a huge gap between the restoration speeds of artificial restoration area and natural restoration area, but the gap narrowed over time. The research results provide the basis for scientific decision-making on eco-environment repair and restoration in places similar to the disaster area, promoting the green economy and living condition in those regions.

对中外建筑师制度进行对比,发现中外建筑师制度在职能、权利、义务等方面的差异,认识到我国现行注册建筑师制度的不足.探讨了推行建筑师负责制的必要性以及新时代应当赋予其怎样的责任与义务.最后以雄安新区旧改项目为例,阐述推行建筑师负责制的亟需性与我国建筑师的能力提高空间.

文章以我国建筑师为主要研究对象,围绕其在注册建筑师制度中的权利、义务进行分析,通过数据分析、对比分析等方式,指出我国建筑师制度目前存在的不足.并以深圳市建设工程质量监督和检测实验业务楼为例,从工程项目管理、建筑业务知识等方面探讨建筑师权利、义务在实际改造项目中的运用,进一步阐述建筑师制度发展的必要性.

The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake caused serious eco-environmental problems.To promote the restoration of ecological functions, it is important to carry out follow-up monitoring and scientific assessment of the eco-environment in the earthquake-stricken area.Based on the remote sensing (RS) images captured by Landsat satellites, this paper extracts and inverts the eco-environmental factors using RS and geographical information system (GIS) techniques.Then, an assessment index system was set up for the ecoenvironment in the earthquake-stricken area based on the pressure-state-response (P-S-R) model.After that, the Analytic Network Process (ANP) was adopted to thoroughly assess the eco-environment in the study area.The results show that the eco-environment state of the study area worsened quickly before a gradual improvement, exhibiting a benign development trend; the most significant eco-environment changes took place in the following areas: the worst-hit towns, both sides of the Beichuan Great Fault Zone, river banks, and regions with frequent human activities; the eco-environment restoration is mainly affected by the long-term impact of the earthquake and its secondary geological disasters, restoration measures, geological conditions, and intensity of human activities.The research results provide insights into the progress of ecological restoration and the dynamic changes of ecological functions in the earthquake-stricken areas, laying a scientific basis for preparing ecological restoration measures for different stages.

阿坝州是西部地区重要生态屏障、国家重点生态功能区,受特殊自然地理环境的影响,各方面发展受地质生态环境的强烈约束.基于最邻近点指数等方法对阿坝州传统村落地形、地貌等因素进行分析,并结合现场调研,利用GIS,RS技术探析研究区域内传统村落空间分布特征与主要影响因素之间的关系,为区域传统村落保护、优化等提供理论支撑.

建筑师负责制下的EPC总承包模式强调了建筑师在工程项目中的主导地位及设计的牵头作用,能够更宏观地把控项目管理三控制的对立统一关系,从而有效提高工程质量,加快工程进度,降低工程成本,实现建筑工程项目的社会价值.