China's water security faces unprecedented challenges, examined through the variation in socio-economic development, water resource availability, water-related disasters and aquatic ecosystems to develop a water security philosophy under a changing environment. Guided by the human-water harmony notion, water security needs to balance the human need and natural need, load pressure and carrying capacity, and risk aggregation and mitigation. We propose an integrated water security framework of adaptive socio-economic development patterns, resilient water infrastructure systems and rigorous water governance mechanisms, which manages both human activities and water infrastructure, including natural assets and built projects. Policy recommendations are further proposed for future water security.

Coupling tracer dynamics with hydrological process simulations in models applied to glacierized catchments can reduce model uncertainty in many applications. However, research quantitatively assessing the impact of different tracer information on model uncertainty in large glacierized catchments remains limited, especially in the Tibetan Plateau (TP). This study developed a tracer-aided model to simulate the stable water isotopes (e.g., O-18), hydrochemical tracer (chloride ions, Cl-) and streamflow generation processes in a typical glacierized catchment on the TP. The model parameters were calibrated using various combinations of streamflow, delta O-18 and Cl- concentrations in streamflow. We focused on the impact of delta O-18 and Cl- concentrations on model uncertainty, compared to calibration in the absence of such tracer data. Results showed that: (1) The tracer-aided model developed in this study successfully reproduces streamflow, delta O-18, and Cl- concentrations, and can be applied to hydrological process simulations in the TP; (2) Using delta O-18 and Cl- concentrations in calibration reduced model uncertainty by limiting parameter and simulation ranges, and constraining the estimates of streamflow components and recharge sources; (3) delta O-18 is more effective in reducing uncertainties in recharge sources, such as source-related model parameters (P-r, DDFgla, DDFsnow) and the estimates of recharge sources, due to the significant variation in isotopic compositions among different recharge sources; (4) Cl- concentrations are more effective in reducing uncertainties in streamflow components, such as streamflow-component-related model parameters (r(s), K-ss, K-g) and the estimates of streamflow components, due to the high-value characteristics exhibited by Cl- concentrations in deep groundwater and the differences in Cl- concentrations in river water during high and low flow periods; (5) Using both delta O-18 and Cl- concentrations in our calibration method proved to be the most effective in reducing model uncertainty. Our findings highlight the importance of integrating stable isotopes and hydrochemical properties to reduce uncertainty in hydrological modelling of glacierized catchments on the TP.

The Yellow River Basin underwent rapid urbanization within the Anthropocene, necessitating a horizontal ecological compensation model, which we define as a province-to-province accounting/settlement framework used to produce scenario allocations rather than to describe an enacted program, to foster regional coordination. This study emphasized the connections between water resource utilization and economic compensation among provinces. We developed a region-specific model for calculating compensation standards that integrates ecosystem service values with the ecological footprint of water use, while factoring in each province's fiscal capacity. The findings indicated that in 2020, Qinghai Province exhibited the highest ecosystem-service worth across the Yellow River Basin, while Shandong Province recorded the lowest. Despite significant ecological surpluses in Qinghai and Sichuan, the entire basin faced an ecological deficit, highlighting the unsustainable utilization of water resources by other provinces. Theoretically, provinces situated in the middle and downstream segments of the basin should reimburse upstream areas for safeguarding water resources and offsetting the positive externalities of ecosystem services. Provinces within the compensation region included Gansu (0.47 %), Ningxia (0.51 %), Inner Mongolia (4.33 %), Shaanxi (2.85 %), Shanxi (7.81 %), Henan (30.52 %), and Shandong (53.46 %). This study contributed to the paramount theme of sustainable urban resource and environmental management within Earth system boundaries by delving into the intricate interdependencies of social, ecological, and technological dimensions, advancing a profound understanding of systemic urban sustainable transformations.

按照2023年全国水利工作会议要求,全面检视七大江河防洪规划实施情况,深入分析我国大江大河防洪水库建设情况、存在问题和建设需求,以及当前影响防洪水库功能实现的制约因素和短板,按照党的二十大报告关于"优化基础设施布局、结构、功能和系统集成,构建现代化基础设施体系"要求,以推动新阶段水利高质量发展和完善流域防洪工程体系为导向,提出了优化防洪水库布局和功能的对策建议,以期为新时期我国流域现代防洪减灾体系建设提供参考借鉴.

水网建设对于加快推进成渝地区双城经济圈发展意义重大.在分析成渝地区水网建设面临形势与要求的基础上,明确了成渝地区水网建设需要处理好的几个关系,提出构建"周水济腹、西水东引、南北拓源、统筹调配、调控有力"的成渝地区水网总体格局,并从创新体制机制、建设数字孪生水网、深化农业水价改革等方面,提出推进成渝地区水网建设的有关建议.

The Yellow River Basin (YRB) is the most important coal-producing area in China. In the context of climate change, the water-intensive coal industry chain is becoming an increasingly serious competitor for the region's scarce water resources. To better understand the coal-water nexus in the YRB, this study established a comprehensive geodatabase of the production facilities of the coal industry chain, including coal mines, coal-fired power plants, and various coal-chemical plants. The total water withdrawal by the coal industry chain was estimated at 2.765 billion m³ in 2018, of which coal-fired power generation accounted for 48%, followed by coal chemical production (28%) and coal mining (24%). Approximately 88% of the water withdrawal comes from catchments in which the withdrawal-to-availability ratio is higher than 0.4, indicating an extremely high or high water stress. The spatial distribution of water withdrawal is highly concentrated in a few areas with rich coal resources and have been developed as coal industry hubs. Water stress exerted by the coal industry is most significant in the eastern part of the ‘Hetao’ area, which covers the intersections of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia.

Political security, economic security, social security, and national security have a close relationship to food security. Thus, we focus on water conservation to ensure and support national food security. Here, we also systematically summary the irrigation area and agricultural water use in our country, and analyze the challenges of food security in the view of the relationship between water resources and grain-production arrangement, agricultural water use efficiency, and farmland water conservancy investment. In light of that, we also propose some solutions and suggests, which may lay theoretic foundations for national food security.

完善成渝地区水网建设体制机制,对于加快构建成渝地区水网总体格局,支撑保障成渝地区双城经济圈建设具有重要意义.通过系统摸清成渝地区水治理体系现状问题,分析了面临的形势和要求,提出了完善成渝地区水网建设体制机制的思路和路径,以期为夯实成渝地区水网建设制度保障提供技术参考.

党的二十大明确提出以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴.中国式现代化需要有力的现代化水利支撑保障,国家水安全保障能力是现代化水利支撑保障的核心.系统分析了中国式现代化对于水安全保障的新要求,提出了新时代保障国家水安全的总体思路,明确了重要举措,为加快推进新阶段水利高质量发展、全面提升国家水安全保障能力提供技术参考.

近年来,涉水生态空间面临面积减少、性质改变、功能降低以及服务保障能力下降等不利局面,为改变这一现象,提出涉水生态空间管控制度体系,以保护和恢复涉水生态空间.以问题为导向,分析涉水生态空间划定与管控存在的主要问题;以经验为导向,总结国外涉水生态空间管控的成功经验;以研究为导向,总结已有研究提出的重点管控制度.从国家、部门、流域、省级层面分别建立涉水生态空间管控制度,形成由14项制度组成的涉水生态空间管控制度体系.在此基础上,从国家、流域和省级层面提出涉水生态空间管控制度体系与现有涉水管理制度的协调衔接方式.

河湖水系是洪涝水的重要调蓄空间和泄排通道.加强河道治理与保护,是保障流域防洪安全、供水安全、生态安全、通航安全和河势稳定的重要基础.随着经济社会发展,城镇化建设全面推进,河道治理范畴逐步扩展,河道治理理念不断完善.面向现代化防洪减灾体系建设目标和经济社会可持续发展需求,河道治理要围绕新时期治水工作的核心要求,以流域为单元,贯彻落实系统观念,综合提升防洪扩排能力,进一步夯实江河安澜保障的根基.

2020年,水利部分两批公布了166个重点河湖控制断面的生态流量保障目标,标志着我国河湖生态流量正式从科学研究走向管理实践阶段.基于相关目标和断面天然、实测径流数据,对已定目标的适宜性进行了初步分析,对各项目标近4年的达标现状进行了全面分析和对比,并对生态基流不达标断面的成因进行了解析,最后提出了我国现阶段河湖生态流量的管控建议.

中国式水利现代化是中国式现代化道路的重要组成.明晰中国式水利现代化的内涵,对于深化理解和积极践行中国式现代化道路、加快推进新时代水利高质量发展意义重大.文章围绕历史逻辑、现实逻辑、理论逻辑、国际逻辑等多维度视角,尝试解析了中国式水利现代化的内涵要义,为科学推进中国式水利现代化建设提供了理论参考.

为探究黄河流域水资源压力时空变化特征及其主导因素,对流域内生产、生活用水管理以及协同管理的政策制定提供支撑,基于2000-2019年时间序列数据,测算了黄河流域除四川省外的八省(区)水资源压力变化趋势,采用对数平均迪氏分解法(LMDI)对水资源压力变化的7个驱动因素进行了分解.结果表明:研究期内八省(区)整体水资源压力值在0.25上下波动,生产用水对水资源的压力明显大于生活用水的;产业用水效率提升和产业结构调整为水资源压力减小的主导因素,地区生产总值的增加是导致水资源压力增大的主要原因,人口数量增加、城镇化率提升和人均生活用水强度增加均对水资源压力具有正向驱动作用.

全球变暖问题已迫在眉睫,政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)提出要把大气升温幅度控制在1.5℃范围内的 目标,以避免对生态系统和人类社会造成严重影响.导致全球变暖的最主要因素是人类化石能源的燃烧排入大气中的CO2.为控制CO2排放量,许多国家作出了碳减排的承诺.我国也在2020年第七十五届联合国大会一般性辩论上郑重提出,我国要力争2030年前实现CO2排放达到峰值,2060年前实现碳中和的目标.文章从CO2的排放和吸收角度,从机理上探讨了实现碳达峰和碳中和的一般途径,并进一步通过分析我国当前碳排放的形势,有针对性地提出了我国实现这一目标的措施.

湖泊是淡水生态系统的主要组成,系统全面地摸清我国湖泊演变情况,对于动态掌握湖泊资源本底台账,科学有序推进湖泊治理修复,具有重要意义.结合最新有关基础调查工作,对近60 a来中国主要湖泊分布特征、演变趋势及成因进行系统分析.结果表明:近60 a来,我国主要湖泊演变趋势发生较大变化.1956-1979年时段至1980-2000年时段,湖泊萎缩趋势比较明显;1980-2000年时段至2001-2016年时段,萎缩趋势得到逐步扭转;以2000年为分界点,湖泊萎缩态势由部分湖泊大面积萎缩向众多中小湖泊小面积萎缩转变,面积增加湖泊分布从以东北地区为主逐渐向西南和东部地区为主转变.泥沙淤积、围湖造田等是导致湖泊萎缩的主要影响因素;天然来水增加、生态补水实施、生态空间恢复等是2000年之后湖泊空间恢复的主要原因.

中国式水利现代化是中国式现代化的重要内容,对于以中国式现代化推进中华民族伟大复兴具有重要的支撑和保障作用.站在开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程的历史起点,基于中国式水利现代化的丰富内涵,提出了新时代推进中国式水利现代化的"五个坚持"战略思路,从理念层面、工程体系、制度体系、文化建设等不同方面系统谋划了新时代推进中国式水利现代化的战略路径,为科学推进中国式水利现代化建设提供了重要参考.

Lake degradation with shrunken water body and reduced water connectivity is currently serious in China.It is very significant to return farmland to lakes to improve lake related ecosystems and ecological service functions, from which the national ecological security could be enhanced.This article first streamlines how the work of Returning Farmland to Lakes could be implemented in China.Practical experience with the results gained from pilot projects carried out in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are summarized.Recommendations in response to problems and lessons learned from these projects are then made to facilitate better implementation in the future.

文章从二氧化碳排放和吸收的角度,结合水利行业的业务范围和作用,探讨了水利行业实现"双碳"目标的关注重点.分析发现,水利行业可通过对关键碳排放环节的严格管控以及碳吸收能力的优化管理,实现行业内部的碳中和;并可通过工程和非工程手段助力其他行业和全社会实现碳中和.为水利从业者提供借鉴,为保障水利事业适应低碳发展趋势提供思路.