Medication treatment is the most common measure for lowering intraocular pressure in glaucoma, and prostaglandin analogues have been unanimously recommended as the first choice for the treatment of glaucoma in multiple guidelines or consensus.Real-world studies (RWS) are observational studies in which diverse data are obtained in clinical environment, community or home settings to evaluate the real impact of some treatment on patients’ health.RWS have shown that tafluprost has a good effect on lowering intraocular pressure in patients with primary open angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, normal tension glaucoma and other types of glaucoma, and it has mild ocular adverse effects in monotherapy for treatment-naive patients, alternative therapy and combination therapy.However, there are limiting factors for RWS such as the absence of the control group, and further studies are needed to evaluate the drug efficacy.In this article, the RWS of patients with different types of glaucoma and high intraocular pressure treated by tafluprost and the efficacy of tafluprost under different treatment modes as well as the safety of tafluprost and medication compliance in RWS were reviewed, so as to provide certain guidance for the practical clinical application of tafluprost.

目的 了解老年糖尿病伴重度牙周炎患者对口腔个性化督导式护理可能获得的预期疗效,为患者护理方法的优化提供科学依据.方法 选择2016年1月至2017年12月收治的老年糖尿病伴重度牙周炎患者200例,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组100例.2组患者均进行完善的牙周系统治疗,试验组进行个性化督导式护理,对照组进行常规护理.比较2组治疗前后牙周各项指标检查情况、牙周护理行为改变情况及2、4、8、12周糖尿病控制情况(空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白).结果 2组患者每日坚持至少刷牙2次、每次刷牙>3 min,使用BASS刷牙法,使用牙线和坚持饭后漱口的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).2组患者菌斑指数、龈沟出血指数和牙周探诊浓度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但2组牙石指数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).2组患者的餐前血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 个性化督导式护理能够改善老年糖尿病伴重度牙周炎患者口腔健康状况,并能够在一定程度上控制糖尿病病情,适宜推广应用.

Objective To measure the area of optic nerve subarachnoid and evaluate its sensitivity and specificity to predicting elevated intracranial pressure, so as to explore the mechanism of visual im-pairment and intracranial pressure in astronauts with this noninvasive method. Methods Based on the results of intracranial pressure measured by lumbar puncture, 51 subjects were divided into the elevat-ed intracranial pressure group and the normal intracranial pressure group. The general data were col-lected, and optic nerve sheath diameter(ONSD) at 3 mm behind the ball and area of optic nerve sub-arachnoid space(ONSASA) between 3～7 mm behind the ball were measured by ultrasonic examina-tion and Image J 1.51 analysis software. The prediction ability of these two indexes for elevated in-tracranial pressure was compared by receiver operating characteristic curve and area under curve. Results The optic nerve sheath diameter and the area of optic nerve subarachnoid were larger in the ele-vated intracranial pressure group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically signifi-cant. The area under curve of the area of optic nerve subarachnoid(0.894) to predict elevated in-tracranial pressure was larger than the optic nerve sheath diameter(0.764). Conclusion The measure-ment of area of optic nerve subarachnoid by ultrasonography can predict elevated intracranial pressure, which provides a possible and effective method to study the mechanism of visual impairment and in-tracranial pressure in space environment.

Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is defined as the inappropriate dilatation of a coronary artery, with the luminal diameter 1.5 or more times wider than that of adjacent normal segments. The main clinical manifestations of CAE are angina and myocardial infarction, and its pathological manifestations are characterized by an extensive destruction of musculoelastic elements, particularly elastin fibers, which are the predominant components of the extracellular matrix of the coronary wall. There is obviously slow coronary blood flow and microcirculation dysfunction in dilated coronary artery. Coronary angiography is the gold standard for CAE diagnosis, and treatments for coronary artery disease (CAD) are recommended for most CAE patients in an individualized manner, but nitrates should be avoided. The prognosis of CAE patients is similar to that of CAD patients with lesions of the three main coronary arteries.