In connection with the significant increase in complications, developing in young people with mitral valve prolapse (MVP), the study of phenotypic signs and peculiarities of the formation of this pathology is topical. A survey of 135 young people aged 17-25 years with mitral valve prolapse was conducted. The patients were examined by specialist-doctors: neuropathologist, otorhinolaryngologist, surgeon, traumatologist and oculist to exclude organic pathology; the distribution of phenotypic signs of connective tissue dysplasia depending on degree of MVP was evaluated. It was established that in young people with MVP of 2nd degree external and visceral manifestations of connective tissue dysplasia occur significantly more often than in persons with MVP of 1 degree.

В связи со значительным ростом осложнений, развивающихся у лиц молодого возраста, страдающих малыми аномалиями развития сердца, выявление данной патологии является актуальным. Цель исследования - анализ частоты встречаемости и структуры сердечно-сосудистой патологии у лиц в возрасте от 18 до 21 года, об­ратившихся в медицинский центр Днепропетровской медицинской академии за 2012 - 2013 годы для опре­деления режима физических нагрузок. Было обследовано 268 студентов 1-3 курсов медицинской академии, которым наряду с клиническим обследованием проводилось стандартное эхокардиографическое исследование 2 раза в год. Установлено, что в структуре сердечно-сосудистой патологии в обследованной группе первое место занимают малые аномалии развития сердца, на втором месте – клапанная патология. В структуре малых аномалий развития сердца наиболее часто выявлялся пролапс митрального клапана. Так как данная аномалия влияет на уровень толерантности к физическим нагрузкам и может приводить к нарушению сердечной деятельности, регулярное обследование пациентов с этой патологией является обязательной про­цедурой и должно проводиться для решения вопросов о выборе уровня физических нагрузок.

Було досліджено особливості клініко-функціонального стану 40 юнаків віком 20, 2 ± 0,8 років із ПМК. Контрольну групу склали 15 практично здорових юнаків. 1. Частими клінічними проявами пролапса мітрального клапану є синдром сполучнотканинної дисплазії (86,7 %), який виявлявся астенічною статурою, високорослістю та плоскостопістю різного ступеня виразності та вегетативна дисфункція (80 %), яка проявлялася запамороченням та головними болями.

The work purpose was studying of myocardial contractile reserve of the left ventricle and cardiohemodynamics infringements character under the influence of physical loads in athletes with functional insufficiency of mitral valve according to stress-echocardiography. We examined 72 athletes the aged 9 to 40 years with functional mitral valve insufficiency and normal systolic function of the heart at rest by echo ECG data. Possibility of stress echocardiography with physical loads usage to diagnose decrease of myocardial contractile reserve of the heart left ventricle was proved. It was found that increase in hemodynamic load during physical exercise leads to the disruption of adaptation and manifestation of systolic dysfunction in athletes with I and II degrees of mitral valve regurgitation. This should be considered when constructing training-competitive loads among athletes in terms of prevention of acute physical overloading.

The work purpose was studying of myocardial contractile reserve of the left ventricle and cardiohemodynamics infringements character under the influence of physical loads in athletes with functional insufficiency of mitral valve according to stress-echocardiography. We examined 72 athletes the aged 9 to 40 years with functional mitral valve insufficiency and normal systolic function of the heart at rest by echo ECG data. Possibility of stress echocardiography with physical loads usage to diagnose decrease of myocardial contractile reserve of the heart left ventricle was proved. It was found that increase in hemodynamic load during physical exercise leads to the disruption of adaptation and manifestation of systolic dysfunction in athletes with I and II degrees of mitral valve regurgitation. This should be considered when constructing training-competitive loads among athletes in terms of prevention of acute physical overloading.

Due to the signifi­cant increase of complications developing in young people suffering from low cardiac abnormalities, detection of this disease is important. The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence and structure of cardiovascular diseases in persone aged 18-21 years who have referred to the medical center of Dnepropetrovsk Medical Academy in the period from 2012 to 2013 in order to determine the mode of physicol exercises. We examined 268 students of 1-2 courses of medical academy, who, along with the clinical examination underwent standard echocardiography 2 times a year. It is established that in the structure of cardiovascular diseases in the studied group small anomalies of the heart occupy the first place; valve pathology the second place. In the structure of small abnormality of the heart, mitral valve prolapse is detected the most frequently. Since this anomaly affects the level of tolerance to physical stress and can lead to heart disorder, routine screening of patients with this disease is mandatory and must be carried out to address the choice of the level of physical activity.

Aim. Due to the signifi cant increase of complications developing in young patients with mitral valve prolapse detection of this disease is important.In order to examine the state of the cardiovascular system in young patients 135 patients with mitral valve prolapse at the age of 16–25 years were examined. Methods and results. During the survey medical history was taken, the information from the medical records of оutpatients and extracts from the medical histories of patients were studied, clinical examination, electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography (EchoCG) were conducted with subsequent analysis of the obtained data. Conclusion. It was established that signifi cant differences were obtained in the analysis of auscultative symptoms in groups with MVP of grade 1 and grade 2. ECG studies in young patients showed that functional impairment was signifi cantly more frequently observed in the group with grade 2 MVP (56.4%), less frequently – in the group with grade 1 MVP (50.0%) and only in 30.0% of cases in the control group (p <0.01).

Recently displasia of connective tissue is much spoken and written about. As a rule, these are scientific articles and reviews in which difficult terms prevail and doctors don't read them up to the end. And the problem, meanwhile, exists, and problem is very interesting. It is known that connective tissue consists of cells, fibers and intercellular substance. It is well known that it may be dense and loose and is widespread throughout the organism – skin, bones, cartilagle, vessels wall, stroma of bodies and even blood – at the basis of every element is connective tissue. The structure of connective tissue is well studied, and all biochemical structures are identified. Successes of molecular genetics allowed to define types, structure and localization of the genes which are responsible for synthesis of various elements. First of all we are interested in fibers of connective tissue – collagen with main function to maintain form, and the elastin, providing ability to reduction and relaxation. Dysplasia of connective tissue – the process genetically determined, i.e. at the basis of everything is mutations of the genes which are responsible for synthesis of fibers. Mutations may be the most various and in the most different genes. As a result of mutations collagen chains are formed incorrectly. Thus, they are shorter (deletion), or longer (insertion), they join not that amino acid (a dot mutation). So-called abnormal trimers of collagen appear, they don't maintain due mechanical loadings. The same is with elastin. The clinical picture will be defined by quantity and quality of mutations. Unfortunately, not only specific appearance and cosmetic defects belong to manifestations of dysplasia of connective tissue, but also heavy pathological changes of internal organs and the musculoskeletal apparatus.

The last decade is characterized by a sharp decrease in psychosomatic health of young people of military age and growth of level of cardiovascular pathology. It is promoted by social and economic transformations in the country, growth of a psychoemotional pressure, decrease in level of the material income of the population, food of non-full value, alcoholism and drug addiction, health system destruction. The special place in the structure of cardiovascular pathology of young men of military age is occupied by the prolapse of the mitral valve (PMV). In health system PMV is considered as pathology of young able-bodied age and most often is not treated as pathology in general, until cardiac violations (violations of heart rhythm and conductivity, clinically significant mitral regurgitation, etc.) develop. This position is unacceptable relative to recruits, whose daily activity is entailed with influence of a complex of extreme factors of the military and professional environment. In specific conditions of military service (a strict regulation of mode of work and rest, high degree of a physical and psychoemotional pressure, elements of hypovitaminosis, etc.), possibilities of adaptation of the young man with PMV are significantly complicated. Any minor changes of the environment can gain critical importance, lead to exhaustion of reserve potential of an organism, decompensation of bodies and systems responsible for adaptation. In the absence of a significant arrhythmic syndrome and/or signs of cardiac insufficiency, recruits with pathology of cardiovascular system (CCC), as a rule, are admitted fit for military service. However level of functional condition of an organism of this category of persons does not allow them to fulfill official duties in full measure. They lag behind in the program of educational battle training, differ in lowered ability to work, absence of motivation in performance of the official duties, constant complaints on a health state and ask for medical care. All this negatively affects military vocational training level. It is obvious by that organic diseases of CCC is a widespread pathology of recruited military-personnel; actual medical, military and professional and social-psychological problems are connected with them. They require improvement of methodology of effective diagnostics, prevention and adequate expert assessment of degree of young persons validity to military service.