Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), increasingly reclassified as metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is a primary metabolic driver of the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome continuum. The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) has emerged as a robust surrogate marker for small, dense lipoprotein particles and subclinical atherosclerosis. However, translating this epidemiological association into an operational clinical informatics framework remains constrained by high-dimensional electronic health record (EHR) data and nonlinear cardiometabolic progression. Objective This study aimed to develop and internally validate an interpretable meta-analytical multi-task learning (MA-MTL) framework to determine whether AIP serves as a primary predictive feature for early CKM transition in patients with NAFLD. Methods A machine learning evaluation integrated peer-reviewed observational studies and clinical trials from regional clinical repositories. Inclusion criteria required contiguous timelines of at least 24 months, comprehensive lipidomic profiling, and absence of end-stage renal disease at baseline. AIP and its longitudinal rate of change were dynamically computed. The MA-MTL model was benchmarked against logistic regression, random forest, and eXtreme gradient boosting. Model performance was assessed using the area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Model interpretability was achieved using uniform manifold approximation and projection and Shapley additive explanations. Results The final analytic cohort included 14,238 high-risk individuals. The MA-MTL model demonstrated superior discrimination for early transition from MASLD to CKM stages 2–3, achieving an AUROC of 0.862 (95% CI 0.84–0.88) and an AUPRC of 0.788 (95% CI 0.76–0.81), outperforming logistic regression (AUROC 0.685; AUPRC 0.522). Shapley additive explanations identified AIP as the dominant predictive feature, exceeding traditional markers such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glycated hemoglobin. Nonlinear modeling demonstrated a threshold effect, with accelerated CKM risk beyond a critical AIP inflection point. Conclusions AIP functions as a central pathophysiological axis in multiorgan metabolic dysfunction. Within an MA-MTL framework, dynamic AIP modeling provides superior predictive performance for early CKM transition. Integration into automated EHR surveillance systems supports a shift toward proactive, data-driven risk interception.

The recent standardization of diagnostic criteria and phenotyping for cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome has increased attention to this multisystem disorder which arises from the interactions among metabolic dysfunction, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. The food inflammation index (FII) quantifies diet-induced inflammation and evaluates individuals' susceptibility to inflammatory-mediated health outcomes. However, the mechanisms linking FII derived dietary inflammation to CKM syndrome progression, especially the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index's mediating role, remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between FII and advanced CKM syndrome and evaluate the mediating role of TyG index. This study used a two-phase design to determine the dose-response relationship between FII and advanced CKM syndrome (stages 3 or 4) and to assess the TyG index's contribution in this link through mediation analysis. Data obtained from the 1999 to 2018 surveys were analyzed, and 20,151 participants were included in the analysis. CKM syndrome staging was done per established criteria, with advanced CKM as stage 3 or 4. Multivariate weighted logistic regression evaluated the association between FII and advanced CKM syndrome, with the TyG index as a mediator. The prevalence of advanced CKM syndrome was 17.37%. FII was significantly associated with advanced CKM stages (odds ratio = 1.03, 95% confidence interval = 1.01-1.04, P < .001), and this association was partially mediated by the TyG index (proportion mediated = 12.52%, 95% confidence interval = 7.25%-25.48%, P < .001). Higher FII levels were associated with an increased risk of advanced CKM syndrome, suggesting that FII may serve as a useful marker for prevention and early detection. The TyG index partially mediated the relationship between FII and advanced CKM syndrome. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm these findings and explore potential interventions targeting dietary inflammation.

China has implemented a series of clean air policies, resulting in improved air quality since 2013. However, there remains a paucity of national prospective evidence regarding the relationship between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and kidney disease (KD) incidence in China, as well as the potential mediating effects of lipid profiles in this association. This study aimed to assess the association of decreased PM2.5 concentration and KD incidence in China from 2013 to 2020. Utilizing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we included 15,368 participants who were free of KD in 2013 and followed up until 2020. For each participant, we calculated the 3-year and 2-year average PM2.5 concentrations. The Cox proportional hazards model was employed to estimate the association between PM2.5 exposure and KD incidence. Mediation analyses were conducted using eight lipid indices, and subgroup analyses were performed. The annual average PM2.5 concentration for CHARLS participants reduced from 61.72 mu g/m3 in 2013 to 32.75 mu g/m3 in 2020. A reduction of 5 mu g/m3 in 3-year and 2-year average PM2.5 concentrations was associated with 14.3% (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.857, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.841, 0.873) and 14.4% (HR: 0.856, 95% CI: 0.840, 0.873) reductions in KD incidence in the fully adjusted models. The TyG-BMI and TyG-WHtR indices exhibited small mediating effects of 7.36% (95% CI: 2.35%, 12.38%) and 4.48% (95% CI: 0.51%, 8.45%) on the relationship of PM2.5-KD, while other indicators did not demonstrate significant mediation. The findings of this study suggest that reductions in PM2.5 concentration were associated with a decreased incidence of KD during the period from 2013 to 2020. The implementation of clean air policies since 2013 may have contributed to the decrease in chronic diseases like KD.

Background:Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Chronic low-grade inflammation has been implicated in the development and progression of DKD. The systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), a novel composite inflammatory biomarker, has demonstrated prognostic value in various inflammatory and metabolic disorders. However, evidence regarding the association between SIRI and DKD remains limited. Methods:This retrospective cross-sectional study included 2421 hospitalized patients with T2DM. DKD was defined according to established clinical criteria. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between SIRI and DKD after adjustment for demographic and clinical covariates. Restricted cubic spline (RCS), receiver operating characteristic (ROC), subgroup, sensitivity, and mediation analyses were additionally performed. Results:Among the 2,421 participants, 892 (36.8%) were diagnosed with DKD. Higher SIRI levels were significantly associated with increased odds of DKD in multivariable logistic regression analyses. Participants in the highest SIRI category had substantially greater odds of DKD compared with those in the lowest category. RCS analysis demonstrated a nonlinear positive association between SIRI and DKD risk. ROC analysis showed that the combination of age, sex, and SIRI had better discrimination ability for DKD than SIRI alone. Subgroup analyses demonstrated generally consistent associations across predefined subgroups, although significant interactions were observed for age and HbA1c status. Mediation analysis indicated that eGFR partially mediated the association between SIRI and DKD, accounting for approximately 46% of the total effect. Conclusion:Elevated SIRI was independently associated with increased odds of DKD in patients with T2DM. The association appeared nonlinear and was partially mediated through renal function impairment. SIRI may serve as a convenient inflammatory biomarker for identifying patients at higher risk of DKD.

Background While prior epidemiological evidence has largely relied on single-time-point assessments, neglecting the chronic cumulative effects of metabolic disorders, this nationwide cohort study introduces a dual dynamic perspective by integrating cumulative single-point insulin sensitivity evaluation (SPISE) and long-term trajectory analyses. We aimed to characterize the longitudinal association and dose‒response relationship between insulin resistance metabolic status and new-onset cardiovascular disease risk in middle-aged and older adults. Methods Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a nationally representative prospective cohort, we examined the relationship between cuSPISE and incident CVD through multiple analytical approaches. Cox proportional hazards regression served as the primary method, complemented by restricted cubic spline (RCS) modeling to assess the dose‒response pattern. Participants' long-term SPISE trajectories were identified through K-means clustering based on repeated measurements. To ensure the reliability of the findings, we conducted stratified subgroup analyses across multiple population characteristics. Results The final cohort comprised 5,214 participants with a mean age of 59.13 ± 8.56 years at baseline. Over the follow-up period, 26.6% of participants developed incident CVD. An inverse relationship emerged between cuSPISE levels and CVD risk: in the fully adjusted model, participants in the highest cuSPISE quartile (Q4) had a 30% lower risk compared to those in the lowest quartile (Q1) (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.59–0.82, P < 0.001). RCS analysis confirmed a linear association (P for nonlinearity = 0.244). Compared to individuals with persistently low SPISE, those maintaining consistently high levels showed a 29% risk reduction (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.60–0.84). Interaction testing identified marital status as the sole significant effect modifier (P for interaction = 0.017). Conclusions In this nationally representative cohort of middle-aged and older Chinese adults, both the cumulative burden of lower insulin sensitivity (quantified by cuSPISE) and unfavorable longitudinal SPISE trajectories independently predicted elevated CVD risk. These findings highlight the potential of SPISE—a simple, non-invasive composite index derived from routine metabolic parameters—as a practical tool for cardiovascular risk surveillance. Incorporating longitudinal SPISE monitoring into primary prevention strategies may help identify high-risk individuals who would benefit from earlier metabolic intervention. Clinical trial number: Not applicable

Single-point insulin sensitivity estimation (SPISE) can be calculated from routine metabolic and anthropometric measures, but longitudinal evidence for cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains limited. We examined whether cumulative SPISE and outcome-blind two-point SPISE patterns were associated with incident CVD in middle-aged and older Chinese adults. We performed a 2015-landmark cohort analysis using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Participants were required to have valid 2011 and 2015 SPISE measurements, be free of CVD during the exposure window, and have post-landmark outcome or death follow-up. Cumulative SPISE was calculated as the mean of the two values multiplied by each participant’s actual assessment interval. Cox models with 100 multiple imputations, restricted cubic splines, outcome-blind K-means clustering, subgroup analyses, and prespecified sensitivity analyses were used. Among 4,737 participants, 893 incident CVD events occurred during a median 5.0 years of post-landmark follow-up. In the primary Model 3, each 1-SD higher cumulative SPISE was associated with lower incident CVD (hazard ratio [HR] 0.79, 95

This study utilized the Planetary Health Diet Index for the United States (PHDI-US), a dietary index developed and validated for the U.S. population, to characterize temporal trends in PHDI-US scores from 1999 to 2020, evaluate adherence to the EAT-Lancet Planetary Health Diet, and examine associations between PHDI-US scores and mortality risk. PHDI-US scores were calculated using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 1999 to 2020, which encompassed a cohort of 55,579 adults ≥ 19 years of age living in the U.S. Total PHDI-US scores can range between 0 and 150 and were derived from 24-h dietary recalls. Weighted linear regression was used for trend analysis, and weighted Cox regression was employed to study mortality risk. Analysis of the aggregate dataset revealed a significant upward trend (p-trend < 0.001) in PHDI-US scores over the 21-year period. Over this time, the average total PHDI-US score for the overall U.S. population ranged between 41.2 and 46.5. This increasing trend was mirrored across various subpopulations, including age brackets, gender, race/ethnicity, poverty-income ratios and educational levels. Higher scores (Q4 vs. Q1) were inversely associated with all-cause mortality (HR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.70-0.88, p < 0.001; consistent across all subgroups), cardiovascular mortality (HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61-0.98; p = 0.034), and cerebrovascular mortality (p-trend = 0.026). This study found a low total PHDI-US score and a progressive escalation in scores among the American population between 1999 and 2020, a pattern also evident across all evaluated subgroups. In addition, an inverse association was discerned between PHDI-US scores and mortality risk, indicating that elevated PHDI-US scores might be concomitant with reduced mortality risk. This study has important public health implications for optimizing dietary patterns in the United States.

Microplastics (MPs), particles under 5 mm, are widespread environmental contaminants. Polystyrene (PS), used in many household items, degrades into polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs), which accumulate in the environment. Chronic exposure to waterborne PS-MPs was found to disrupt hepatic lipid metabolism in C57BL/6N mice through inflammatory Kupffer cell polarization and IL-17/NF-κB signaling pathways. While short-term PS-MPs exposure revealed preferential accumulation in the liver and testes, long-term exposure (9-12 weeks) induced significant increases in body fat percentage and hepatic lipid deposition independent of dietary changes. Mechanistically, chronic PS-MPs exposure promoted Kupffer cell polarization toward pro-inflammatory M1 phenotypes, accompanied by upregulated IL-17 expression and suppressed anti-inflammatory cytokines. Western blot analysis demonstrated concurrent elevation of lipid synthesis markers with reduced lipid oxidation and transport proteins. These findings established that PS-MPs accumulation drives hepatic steatosis through dual mechanisms of macrophage-mediated inflammation and impaired lipid homeostasis pathways.

Introduction Studying the differential effects of jogging and rope skipping provides useful insights for teens, adolescents, and even adults to make choices and maintain healthy physical activities, which may also have positive significance for the promotion of public physical fitness and health.Methods A total of 92 college students were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into jogging group, rope skipping group and control group. Tests and questionnaires were conducted before and right after the intervention, and a questionnaire survey was conducted again half a year after the intervention.Results The results showed that the standing long jump performance and the cardiopulmonary function in the jogging group were significantly improved after the intervention, the average score of standing long jump increased from 72.00 to 76.45 and the mean systolic blood pressure decreased from 125.07 to 121.24 (t = 3.048, 2.139, p = 0.005, 0.041). The scores of 800 or 1,000 meters and the total scores of physical test in the rope skipping group and the control group were decreased significantly. The improvement of standing long jump performance in the jogging group was significantly higher than that in the control group.Discussion The main reason for the decline in the rope skipping group may be due to insufficient strength. Jogging differs from rope skipping in terms of muscle focus, arm-swinging style, nature of the exercise, and the associated exercise mood. As a result, after short-term training, jogging has a more positive significance than skipping rope in maintaining and improving physical fitness and cardiopulmonary function. If you want to improve your physical fitness in a shorter period of time, then jog.

Growing evidence implicates accelerated biological aging in environmentally induced psychiatric disorders, yet its role in metal-associated depression remains unclear. Using NHANES data, we evaluated associations between heavy metal mixtures and depression. Bidirectional mediation analysis was used to assess reciprocal pathways linking heavy metals, biological aging, and depression. Simultaneously, candidate genes linking heavy metal exposure to depression and biological aging were identified by mining the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, analyzing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the Gene Expression Omnibus, and integrating the resulting evidence within a toxicogenomic framework to explore potential molecular mechanisms. The prevalence of depression among participants was 8.66 %. Metal mixtures significantly increased depression risk. Notably, cadmium and antimony increased the risk of depression (OR: 1.52, 95 % CI: 1.19, 1.94 and OR: 1.54, 95 % CI: 1.22, 1.93). Both metals have low thresholds (0.227 μg/L and 0.053 μg/L, respectively). Additionally, lead, cobalt, and molybdenum showed positive associations in specific models. Although population-level exposure to heavy metals declined from 1999 to 2020, concentrations remained sufficient to elevate depression risk. Our correlation analysis also identified a strong correlation between PhenoAge and chronological age (r = 0.84, P < 0.001). Mechanistically, we found that accelerated PhenoAge partially mediated the associations of several metals with depression risk, including monomethylarsonic acid (β = 0.004; 95 %CI: 0.003,0.006), cadmium (β = 0.006; 95 %CI: 0.003, 0.010), lead (β = 0.009; 95 %CI: 0.006, 0.011), cobalt (β = 0.010; 95 %CI: 0.006, 0.013), molybdenum (β = 0.009; 95 %CI: 0.006, 0.011), and antimony (β = 0.008; 95 %CI: 0.005, 0.011). Pathway analysis and DEGs implicated the contribution of neurodegeneration-multiple diseases pathway, with core molecular targets centering on BDNF, IL6, GSK3B, PTGS2, and SOD1. These findings, which imply biological aging as a potential link between metal exposure and depression, call for revised safety thresholds and pinpoint molecular targets for intervention.

This study aims to analyze the trends in the burden of depression among adolescents aged 10 to 24 years globally from 1990 to 2021, with a focus on the impact of COVID-19 on adolescent depression and health inequalities. Using data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study, we examined age-standardized prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for depression among adolescents aged 10-24 years. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to assess temporal trends. Age-period-cohort (APC) analysis estimated age, period, and cohort effects. Bayesian APC (BAPC) analysis projected future trends. Decomposition analysis further explored drivers of changes in depression burden. Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Concentration Index (CI) were calculated to assess health inequalities across regions and countries. From 1990 to 2021, the global incidence, prevalence and DALY rates of adolescent depression remained stable. Depression incidence and prevalence increased with age, with the 20-24 age group showing the highest rates. The burden of depression was higher in females than in males. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted adolescent depression, with reported prevalence, incidence, and DALY rates in 2020 and 2021 far exceeding predicted values, and the burden of depression is expected to continue rising. Health inequalities between adolescents in high- and low-income regions have widened, particularly following the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly exacerbated the burden of depression and intensified health inequalities.

The Planetary Healthy Diet Index-United States, the Healthy Diet Index, the Mediterranean Diet, and the Dietary Inflammation Index were linked to mortality rates in cardiovascular patients. This study investigated the relationship between these dietary patterns and all-cause mortality risk in U.S. cardiovascular patients from 2005 to 2006 to 2017–2018. Data were collected from adults aged 19 years and older participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2006 to 2017–2018. Dietary patterns were assessed for each survey cycle using 24-hour dietary recalls, and scores for the four dietary indices were calculated. Survey-weighted multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models evaluated associations between these indices and all-cause and cause-specific mortality among patients with cardiovascular disease, using hazard ratios across quartiles and per 1-SD increment. This study included 3,088 patients with cardiovascular disease. In the partially adjusted model, the Planetary Healthy Diet Index-United States (HR = 0.81; 95

OBJECTIVES:Sense organ diseases (SODs) are among the leading causes of disability worldwide. They severely impact communication, mobility and quality of life, with rising prevalence and widening inequalities across populations. This study aims to provide an updated, comprehensive assessment of the global, regional and national burden and trends of SODs, and to inform strategies for prevention, treatment and health policy development. DESIGN:This is a population-based observational study using secondary data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study. SODs, defined in the GBD framework as age-related and other hearing loss (AHL), blindness and vision loss (BVL), and other sensory impairments, were analysed in terms of prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). We focused on SODs overall and conducted specific analyses for AHL and BVL, stratified by age, sex and sociodemographic index (SDI). SETTING:Global dataset covering 204 countries and territories across all regions and sociodemographic strata from 1990 to 2021. PARTICIPANTS:This study covered the global population represented in the GBD 2021 dataset, using aggregated population-level estimates with no direct individual recruitment. INTERVENTIONS:Not applicable. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES:Primary outcomes were prevalence (cases and age-standardised prevalence rates) and DALYs (number and age-standardised DALY rates). Secondary outcomes included age-period-cohort effects, decomposition of contributors (population growth, ageing and epidemiological change), inequality metrics and burden projections to 2030. RESULTS:Between 1990 and 2021, the global age-standardised rate (ASR) of DALYs for SODs increased from 884.07 to 912.8 per 100 000 population. The ASR of prevalence rose from 25 297.36 to 28 050.29 per 100 000. The disease burden increased across all age groups, with females experiencing a higher prevalence of SODs, and population growth and ageing as the leading contributors. AHL emerged as the predominant category of SODs. Socioeconomic disparities widened, with the slope index of inequality for DALYs rising from 128.82 in 1990 to 418.62 in 2021. In 2021, China reported the highest DALYs and case numbers. Predictive analysis showed a stable ASR of DALYs and prevalence, but a continued rise in cases through 2030, with COVID-19 further exacerbating the burden. CONCLUSIONS:The global burden of SODs continues to rise, driven primarily by population ageing and growth, with widening disparities across sociodemographic levels. These findings emphasise the need for targeted prevention strategies, improved early detection and equitable access to sensory healthcare services. Monitoring the long-term impact of COVID-19 and demographic shifts remains a priority. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER:Not applicable. This study is a secondary analysis of GBD data and is not linked to a clinical trial.

Ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure is recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the extent to which PM exposure is associated with CVD via triglyceride glucose (TyG)-related indicators remains unknown. This study examines the relationship between long-term PM exposure and CVD events, further assessing whether TyG-related indicators mediate this association. This cohort study involved 7,532 individuals aged at least 45 years who were not diagnosed with CVD in 2011 from the China Longitudinal Study of Health and Retirement (CHARLS) and were followed up for the occurrence of CVD until 2020. The annual PM concentration data at the city level, with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 1 μm (PM1), ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), and ≤ 10 μm (PM10), were obtained from the ChinaHighAirPollutants (CHAP). The average concentration of PM in the 3 years before the baseline survey in 2011 was defined as the long-term exposure level of the individual. The relationship between PM exposure and CVD incidence was examined via Cox proportional hazards models, with a focus on probing the role of TyG-related indicators through mediation analysis. A total of 1,865 individuals with CVD were diagnosed over the span of a 7.4-year follow-up period. The 3-year average concentrations before baseline were 31.29 µg/m³ for PM1, 56.03 µg/m³ for PM2.5, and 95.73 µg/m³ for PM10. In fully adjusted model, the Cox proportional hazards models revealed that an increase of 10 µg/m³ in the PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 exposure concentrations corresponded to elevated CVD risk, with HRs (95

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological studies have established an association between early sexual intercourse and intentional self‐harm. However, the causal mechanisms, particularly the role of mental health disorders, remain elusive.MethodsIn this Mendelian randomization (MR) study, we leveraged genome‐wide association study data from multiple sources. Age at first sexual intercourse (AFSI) statistics were derived from the UK Biobank, encompassing up to 406,457 participants of European ancestry. Intentional self‐harm (ISH) genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data were obtained from the FinnGen Biobank, comprising 218,792 European‐descent individuals. We investigated the causal relationship between AFSI and ISH and quantified the mediating effects of major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 173,005), schizophrenia (SCZ; n = 127,906), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n = 55,374). Both two‐step and multivariable MR approaches were employed to estimate the mediation effects of these psychiatric disorders.ResultsThe F‐statistics of all retained SNPs are over 10, indicating our study has no weak instrument bias. The odds ratio (OR) indicated that early sexual intercourse substantially increases the risk of ISH (IVW: OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.54–0.66, p < 0.05). Specifically, MDD was found to mediate 31% of this effect and SCZ 12%, collectively accounting for 46% of the total effect.ConclusionsEarly sexual intercourse is associated with an increased risk of intentional self‐harm, potentially mediated by psychiatric disorders. These findings emphasize the need for mental health screening and early intervention in adolescents with early sexual debuts.

OBJECTIVE:Previous research suggests a correlation between nontoxic goitre and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the causality was vulnerable to confounding variables. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a more rigorous research approach to examine the causal connection between nontoxic goitre and T2DM. DESIGN:Multiple exposures and outcomes two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was carried out in two stages: nontoxic goitre traits (including nontoxic diffuse goitre, NDG; nontoxic multinodular goitre, NMG; and other/unspecified nontoxic goitre, OUNG) were investigated as exposure while T2DM was investigated as an outcome in the first step, whereas the second step was reversed. The GWAS summary data for nontoxic goitre traits and T2DM were collected from the Finngen database. The summary data for fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HbA1c were obtained from the open GWAS database established by the MRC Integrated Epidemiology Unit (IEU). The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) approach was used to obtain MR estimates, and various sensitivity analysis was also performed. RESULTS:NDG had a potential protective causal relationship with T2DM (OR = 0.978; 95% CI: 0.957-0.998; p = 0.034) and fasting glucose (OR = 0.995; 95% CI: 0.990-0.999; p = 0.011), while NMG had a potential protective causal relationship with T2DM (OR = 0.941; 95% CI: 0.902-0.982; p = 0.008) and HbA1c (OR = 0.992; 95% CI: 0.986-0.998; p = 0.015). OUNG was found to decrease the odds of T2DM by 4.4% (OR = 0.966; 95% CI: 0.938-0.995, p = 0.023). T2DM had a potential causal relationship with NDG (OR = 1.239; 95% CI: 1.020-1.504; p = 0.031), and a potential protective effect against NMG (OR = 0.669; 95% CI: 0.566-0.792; p < 0.001) and OUNG (OR = 0.694; 95% CI: 0.545-0.883; p = 0.004). There was no evidence of a positive association between glycemic traits and nontoxic goitre traits (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Our findings indicate a potential causal relationship between nontoxic goitre traits and T2DM. Specifically, our study addresses that NMG and T2DM may have a significant causal effect on each other in both directions.

AbstractFine particulate matter (PM2.5) is suggested to pose a severe risk to the kidneys by inducing functional degradation and chronic kidney diseases (CKD). This study aims to explore the nephrotoxicity of PM2.5 exposure and the underlying mechanism. Herein, based on the UK Biobank, it is found that per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 is associated with a 6% (95% CI: 1%–11%), 7% (95% CI: 3%–11%), 9% (95% CI: 4%–13%), 11% (95% CI: 9%–13%), and 10% (95% CI: 8%–12%) increase in the risk of nephritis, hydronephrosis, kidney stone, acute renal failure, and CKD, respectively. In experimental study, noticeable kidney injury, which is the initiation of kidney diseases, is observed with PM2.5 exposure in C57BL/6N mice (n = 8), accompanied with oxidative stress, autophagy and pyroptosis. In vitro, HK‐2 cells with PM2.5‐stimulation exhibit tubulopathy, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and activated pyroptosis and autophagy. All changes are abolished by ROS scavenger of N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) both in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, the study provides evidence showing that PM2.5 exposure is associated with 5 kinds of kidney diseases by directly inducing nephrotoxicity, in which ROS may be the potential target by triggering autophagy and pyroptosis.

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This study explores the association between LE8 scores and mortality risks among individuals diagnosed with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Utilizing data from the NHANES conducted between 2005 and 2018, survey-weighted multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were utilized. Life's Essential 8 (LE8) scores dose-response associations were assessed using restricted cubic spline regression. Sub-analyses were performed for different categories of CVD. The study consisted of 2164 participants diagnosed with CVD, ranging in age from 20 to 80 years (weighted mean [SE] age, 61.47 [0.34] years; The average total LE8 was 64.97 [0.54]. 499 participants experienced mortality, with 350 deaths attributed to CVD. After accounting for potential covariates, LE8 score was found to be associated with a decreased both all-cause mortality (OR 0.34, CI 0.22-0.51) and CVD mortality (OR 0.40, CI 0.23-0.68). A survey-weighted multivariable Cox model with restricted cubic splines identified the lowest all-cause mortality (P < 0.001) and CVD mortality (P < 0.001) risk when LE8 reach at 63.75 (P < 0.001). The results highlight the association between LE8 scores and reduced mortality in CVD patient population. The implementation of comprehensive initiatives that prioritize healthy dietary patterns, will play a crucial role in alleviating the impact of cardiovascular disease and improving cardiovascular health outcomes.

Studying the differential effects of jogging and rope skipping provides useful insights for teens, adolescents, and even adults to make choices and maintain healthy physical activities, which may also have positive significance for the promotion of public physical fitness and health. A total of 92 college students were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into jogging group, rope skipping group and control group. Tests and questionnaires were conducted before and right after the intervention, and a questionnaire survey was conducted again half a year after the intervention. The results showed that the standing long jump performance and the cardiopulmonary function in the jogging group were significantly improved after the intervention. The scores of 800 or 1,000 meters and the total scores of physical test in the rope skipping group and the control group were decreased significantly. The improvement of standing long jump performance in the jogging group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Jogging have more positive significance for physical fitness and cardiopulmonary function maintenance and improvement. If you want to improve your physical fitness in a shorter period of time, then jog.