尿残液是空间站环境控制与生命保障(环控生保)系统中尿液水分回收过程的副产物,具有高盐含量、强酸强氧化性的特点,进一步处理处置难度大.本文立足现有空间站水循环技术状态,充分考虑轻量化、高可靠的工程约束,提出采用间接加热气扫式膜蒸馏技术途径完成残液中的水分回收,同时完成减量化处理.建立该膜蒸馏形式的传热传质模型,分别考察了吹扫气体状态(温度、湿度、流量),膜材料性质(厚度、孔径、孔隙率),以及残液物质浓度等7个主要变量对蒸馏速率的影响规律,其中的孔隙率和进气湿度对蒸馏速率有相对更大的影响.针对尿残液的理化性质,筛选出13种耐受性疏水膜材料,开展膜蒸馏实验,实验所得趋势与理论预测一致,实验值与理论值的平均相对偏差为6.6％,验证了模型的有效性.研究为残液水分回收膜材料选择和技术开发提供了理论和实验基础.

Physical-chemical technology is used in the environmental control and life support systems(ECLSS) of the International Space Station(ISS) to realize the water recycling.During the process, part of the water will enter into the urine brine produced by urine distillation and thus cannot be recy-cled.Techniques that are capable of extracting water from urine brine would enhance the level of total water recovery, and therefore lower the frequency and cost of supply from the earth.The urine brine processing techniques focusing on water recovery was comprehensively reviewed in this paper.The characteristics of 8 technologies from 3 categories including the direct drying technology, the indirect drying technology and the separation drying technology were compared.Then the technology selection of water recovery from urine brine was proposed.In addition, the key points and difficulties in the re-search of water recovery technology was pointed out which may serve as a reference for future researches.