Long-term observations of body composition values are used in extended clinical settings: in case of fat mass reduction, during observations after GIT resection, among patients with cardiovascular and renal insufficiency, etc. In case of long-term observations, an important element of the analysis is to assess the impact of age and sex variability as compared to the effect of treatment or disease development. An objective of this study is to develop a tool for two-dimensional visualizations, which allows to assess whether a patient's trend data can be explained only with the factor of age and sex dependence of body composition values and to which extent. In his paper, the data of 1,083,275 bioimpedance analyses conducted at health centers of Russia in 2010-2015 involving patients who were 5 to 80 years of age were used. Visualization of age and sex trends of BIA onedimensional value medians allows to discover special points. The trends look more flattened in elder patients. Visualization of age and sex trends of two-dimensional modes depicts more obvious trends but clinical judgements can be made with direct reference to dynamic variations in the patient's values. The difficulty is eliminated if age and sex trend is added to the 2D BIA result sheet. In case of significant projection of current change vector on the opposite or perpendicular direction in relation to the vector of age and sex changes it can be assumed that the events in the human body were affected extrinsically: the effect could be therapeutic or caused by some disease factors or something else.

The article presents a clinical case of surgical treatment of a patient with a multimorphic form of nonspecific purulent-inflammatory lesions of the spine. This patient had spinal epiduritis, paraspinal and subdural abscesses, and purulent meningitis; the course was complicated by bilateral lower lobe pneumonia, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and sepsis. The main stages of surgical correction were laminectomy, sanitation, and drainage of paraspinal, epidural and subdural abscesses, tracheostomy, puncture and drainage of the psoas abscess on the left side under ultrasound navigation. In addition, the patient received targeted antibiotic therapy. After treatment in the neurosurgical department, the patient was transferred to rehabilitation treatment. Based on the results of surgical treatment, a conclusion was made about the clinical validity of using a combination of methods for the treatment of patients with a multimorphic form of nonspecific purulent-inflammatory lesions of the spine.

The article presents data on preliminary studies aimed at developing a technology for prognosis of orthostatic instability of astronauts and volunteers under the action of unfavorable factors of space flight and carrying out preventive measures, particularly, during rotation on a short-radius centrifuge, functional orthostatic tests, and for patients with orthostatic instability. The technology proposed for the prediction of the development of syncope states is based on monitoring changes in the electrical resistance of regions of the human body.

In 1994, A. Piccoli et al. proposed BIVA—an alternative form of BIA data presentation. Standard values of BIVA are usually presented as 75% and 95% tolerance ellipse.

The paper discusses some aspects of the method of analogy, in particular thermodynamic, physical and economic issues and their application to the design of a variety of information-measuring systems. Constructed visual analogy between thermodynamic, information-control and micro systems. The formulas for evaluating the effectiveness of the design information-measuring systems, such as mathematical expressions that can be used to select the processor when designing information-measuring systems and assess the loss of information. It is shown that the amount of memory the processor is mainly determined by the product of information from the object of study and the accuracy of information-measuring system.