The authors analyze the conceptual apparatus of the first edition of the encyclopedia “The Russian language” in cognitive aspect. The aim of the work is to reveal the role of ideology in the formation of the official portrait of linguistic science in the 1970s and to determine its influence on presentation and description of scientific terms. The study uses the method of contextual analysis, logical-semantic, historical-linguistic, cognitive modeling methods. The most important articles-ideologems from the point of view of the cognitive world view are considered: “History of the Russian literary language”, “Culture of language”, “Journalistic style”, “Russian language”, “Language and society”, etc. They allow to recreate the metacultural connections of a specific historical time and to identify ways of forming an ideologized context. The study showed that the transformation of the cognitive world view in Soviet science can be carried out without nominatively expressed references to ideological attitudes. And, conversely, not every reference to ideological formulas distorts the scientific model of reality. The results obtained can be used in the theory and practice of compiling dictionaries of terminological units and sociolinguistic dictionaries, in studying cognitive problems of modern scientific discourse. The authors come to the conclusion that the articles of the encyclopedic dictionary form a specific model of ideas about the Russian language, based on the evaluativeness of linguistic facts, the opposition of ideas and the deliberate distortion of reality in the direction of manipulation of concepts.
В полифонично организованном тексте с характерным ослаблением связей между высказыванием, его субъектом, объектом и значением стиль меняет свою функциональную направленность. Действующая в условиях полифонии стилистическая омонимия приводит к снижению семиотической значимости категории стиля. Стиль перестает выполнять характерологическую функцию, затрудняя, а в ряде случаев делая невозможной атрибуцию героя по стилистическим показателям его речи. Недифференцированное – вне привязанности к определенным субъектам и к определенным объектам – употребление ярких стилистических показателей (уменьшительных форм, каламбуров, семантических ассоциаций, разрушенных структурно-семантических стереотипов) – типологически маркированное явление. Однако типологическая маркированность не исключает маркированности идиостилистической и общеэстетической. Один и тот же элемент или прием может быть одновременно закодирован несколькими эстетическими кодами: универсальным, типологическим и индивидуальным. Степень стилистической омонимии прямо пропорциональна степени полифоничности текста. Стилистическая омонимия голосов разных героев порождает стилистическое двойничество, которое соотносится с семантическим двойничеством героев. В ситуации свободного «блуждания» высказывания между разными субъектами и переполненности высказывания значениями помимо стилистической омонимии неотъемлемым признаком полифоничного текста становится прием повтора как предельно экономный способ порождения новых смыслов и одновременно способ актуализации и вторичных смыслов (с позиций линейного развертывания текста), и исходных. При повторе происходит изменение и прагматического, и концептуального значения высказывания. Таким образом, стиль в полифонии выступает как смыслообразующая и смыслопреобразующая сила, которая прямо, не опосредованно участвует в создании ядерных смыслов текста.
The paper considers modeling of language subsystems as a unique method of scientific knowledge, appearing due to the high-level development of science. Modeling is substituting a particular component of the original object of scientific activity by its appropriate substitute, a model. Particular attention is given to the logical models of vocalism that can be used instead of common structural methods. These models can take into account not only the structure but also the substance and the function of phonological language elements, making them systemic models. Based on the conceptual idea of G. P. Melnikov, the founder of modern system linguistics, dealing with the modeling of Turkic vocalism, the researchers develop geometric models of Altaic, Khakass, Yakut and Tuva vocalisms. The geometric forms and structures of these models, reflecting the composition of the phonological system elements and the relations between them, allow one to correlate them with the general model of Turkic vocalism, the phonological system organization typical for the language family. Also, it becomes possible to compare and to identify the typological differences within the family of languages and thereby to deepen the understanding of the specific structure of a particular vowel system. In linguistics, modeling can be used to solve both theoretical and applied problems. Modeling is of particular importance in the typological description and comparison of languages.
This discussion took place on December 3-6, 2017 in Karlovy Vary. Its initiator was the foundation “Culture”, headed by O.O. Suleimenov, a well-known poet and authoritative thinker of our modernity. Participants of the Polylogue were scientists from the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (Doctor in Philology, Professor Bakhtikireyeva U.M., Doctor in Philology, Professor Valentinova O.I., Director of the Institute of Hospitality and Tourism Dikhtyar S.V., PhD in Philology Valikova O.A.), Uzbek State University of World Languages (Doctor in Philology, Professor Dzhusupov M., Ph.D., Senior Researcher Ismailov G.M.), Eastern Institute of St. Petersburg State University (PhD in Turkology Dubrovina M.E.). The central theme of the discussion was the concept of O.O. Suleimenov about a new approach to etymology as a science. On the example of several time slices, the author reconstructs the routes of movement, phonetic modifications (in some cases - transformations) and word resemantization, citing illustrations and arguments from his own researches and observations.
Российский университет дружбы народов ул
The article presents the analysis of possibilities of using systemological approach in solving general and particular problems of modern linguistics. As the study showed, the linguistic theory of G. P. Mel’nikov, based on the principle of the systematic approach, has high explanatory potential in the field of general problems of linguistic theory and typology (development of a common framework of analysis of phenomena at different levels, knowing of the causes of historical changes of language, relations between language type and conditions of its existence) and for particular problems, for example, an explanatory analysis of the level structure of the Semitic languages, the disclosure of the specifics of the phonology and morphology of Russian dialects.
In this article, the methodological bases of the conception of causal text typology developed by O.I. Valentinova as a means of tracing the change of consciousness as a result of the change of a relationship between the sign and the meaning are realized in the research of the empirical material which is of great significance for the understanding of Russian culture - historically new contexts emerging in Pushkin’s literary experience. The algorithm of action proposed by the author leads to semiotically significant conclusions that the irreversibility of changes of consciousness is expressed in the change of the principle of organization of the semantic structure of the word, that the semantic structure of the language and word reflects a sharp reduction of the ethical basis in secular consciousness
The article deals with methodological argumentation of the theory of historical text typology developed by prof. O.I. Valentinova. For the first time in the philological studies the author puts forward the idea to realize the etiological text typology through creating basic historical models for denoting form-and content correlation which reflect changes in mentality and perception - mythological, mediaeval, secular. Stating the need to differentiate historic periods aiming at multiple procreation of sense-differentiating contexts, and those historic periods aiming to forming sense-changing contexts, the author works out the criterion to specify model texts for each period which are due to reflect or radically change historically approved form-and-content correlation thus raising point of reconstructing the dynamic model of semantic structure of Old Russian and Russian literary language and propones solutions.
The author of the article strives to realize inner (semiotic) proof of the “pleonasm” which used to characterize special manner and method of narration that was called “breeding words” (pleteniye sloves) and that appeared in the angiographic literature of the end of the XIV century.
The article treats the contextual meaning of the word “priyezzhiy” and tries to prove the existence of implicit extremism, found in the contextual meaning of this word. The author proves the utility of making up the dictionary of contexts which would reflect modern semantic realities.
Meaningful and structural features of the mediaeval liturgy gospel are determined ontologically — this is the essence of this article, undertaking the interpretation of the well-known text dating back to the middle of the XI century — “Sermon on the Law and Gratia” by metropolitan Ilarion.
In course of the analysis of the structural performance of the Protopope’s thought and the following intonation of phrase presentation, the author of the article reveals the way in which personal attitude overlaps the ontologic basis starting from the theological initial part of the hagiography, far earlier that the Protopope gets down to his life description.
The article reviewed treats the issues tackled in course of the seminar on philological hermeneutics which is being revealed not just within the frame of interpreting texts of various kinds, but ontological background of humanities, intellectual and spiritual sphere, thought and word creativity.
Typical of the Mediaeval texts 'form and content' correlation is being transgressed in the Protopope Avvakum's works. To understand the mechanism of this deviation - and in accordance with the given interpretation - to formulate approved criteria of Avvakum's texts analysis - is the main task of the article.
The article represents an example and realization of the philological hermeneutical commentary of parts of F.M. Dostoyevsky novel «The Idiot».
