拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)又称青蟹,隶属于十足目、梭子蟹科、青蟹属,在我国浙江、福建、广东、广西等地区广泛分布.拟穴青蟹肉质鲜美,具有较高的营养价值,是我国东南沿海地区重要的经济养殖蟹类.2022年全国青蟹养殖产量15.5万t,养殖面积2.4万ha.

海洋碳汇作为一种特殊碳汇,具有较大应用潜力和广阔发展前景,能够实现经济最大化,同时对环境保护、低碳经济发展也有极大促进作用.本文概述了国内外海洋碳汇相关内容和宁波市海洋碳汇现状调研结果,探讨了海洋碳汇发展中存在的问题,并为宁波市海洋碳汇发展提出一些建议,以供参考.

银鲳(Pampus argenteus)属鲈形目(Perciformes)、鲳科(Stromateidae)、鲳属(Pampus),为暖水性中下层集群性鱼类,主要分布于印度洋和太平洋西部,我国东海与南海较多.其因肉厚、刺少、味佳且营养丰富,市场需求十分旺盛.20世纪90年代以来,受海洋环境破坏和捕捞强度增强的影响,东海银鲳自然资源衰退明显.因此,银鲳作为海水养殖的重要候选品种,其养殖技术受到了社会的广泛关注.

宁波市位于浙江省沿海北部,三面环海,沿海有三门湾、杭州湾和象山港,海域面积辽阔,水资源丰富.2022年,宁波市水产养殖面积41254ha,水产养殖产量46.4万t,水产养殖总产值85.3亿元,水产养殖已成为宁波市渔农民增收的重要途径.

为了丰富低盐水域环境修复的生态治理手段,筛选出适合本地低盐水体环境的沉水植物,在室外比较研究了盐度0、5、10、15条件下轮叶黑藻、穗花狐尾藻和篦齿眼子菜3种本土常见沉水植物的生长、成活、叶绿素及水体TN、TP指标变化规律.结果表明:轮叶黑藻不能适应所有盐度水体;穗花狐尾藻和篦齿眼子菜在盐度5、10、15的水体中均能成活,且2种沉水植物在盐度5的水体中相对生长率比在盐度0的水体中高;穗花狐尾藻在盐度10、15水体中相对生长率为负,叶绿素含量下降;篦齿眼子菜只在盐度15的水体相对生长率为负,叶绿素含量下降;3种沉水植物都能减少水体中TN、TP浓度.综上所述,穗花狐尾藻和篦齿眼子菜可以适应低盐度的水体环境,穗花狐尾藻低盐环境下容易种植成活,篦齿眼子菜种植成活后对低盐度适应性更强.

"跑道"养鱼是基于"循环、生态、低碳、环保"理念发展出的全新水产养殖新模式,在池塘内配备推水增氧装置和流水养殖槽,使跑道内的水循环流动,定期将鱼排泄物、饲料残渣分离出养殖水体,实现了经济效益与生态效益"双丰收".宁波市海洋与渔业研究院开展海水"跑道"养鱼探索,经过两年的养殖和研究,取得了较好的效果,现将养殖情况总结如下.

Aquaculture effluent of whiteleg shrimp was discharged into the wastewater treatment system（WTS） which contains the pools of sedimentation, aeration, biofilm, shellfish purifying and ecological cleaning, repectively. Main water quality index in the water of aquaculture ponds and each unit of the WTS were measured during middle and late stage of culture. Purification performance of different units of WTS was investigated. The results showed that after treatments, the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, permanganate index and suspended matter decreased from 3.94,0.47,9.00 and 75.80 mg/L to 1.77,0.16,5.67 and 16.33 mg/L,respectively. All the indexes reached the Class 1 standard of “Aquaculture wastewater discharge standard”（SC/T 9101-2007）. The main water quality index decreased gradually when aquaculture effluent entered the pools of aeration, biofilm and shellfish purifying from the sedimentation pool, but increased to different degrees after entering the ecological cleaning pool. The results demonstrated that the multi-stage WTS significantly improved the quality of aquaculture effluent. The pools of sedimentation, aeration, biofilm, shellfish purififying played positive roles in the purification of aquaculture wastewater. The ecological cleaning pool should be improved through more reasonably allocating the density of sink plants and cleaning-fish, and its operation management also needs to be strengthened to maintain the long-term stable water purification effect.

我国是水产品生产与消费大国,随着水产养殖业产能不断提高,养殖尾水排放造成的环境压力也逐渐加大.对不达标养殖尾水要采取有效措施,建设配套的处理设施设备,使其达标排放.本文针对凡纳滨对虾海水土塘养殖模式,以北仑区顶家牛水产养殖场为例,构建相应的尾水处理系统,经系统处理后的尾水达到排放标准要求.