BACKGROUND:In recent years, an increasing number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction for the treatment of perimenopausal depressive disorder (PDD). However, high-quality evidence regarding its efficacy and safety remains limited. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of this combined therapy and to identify optimal treatment strategies for PDD. METHODS:RCTs evaluating acupuncture combined with TCM decoction for PDD, published up to April 2021, were systematically searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang, PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Sinomed, and Embase. Data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4 in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Version 5.1). RESULTS:A total of 9 studies involving 601 participants were included. Compared with TCM decoction alone, the combined therapy significantly improved the clinical effective rate (RR = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-1.29), reduced HAMD scores (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.87, 95% CI: -1.08--0.65), Kupperman scores (SMD = -0.61, 95% CI: -1.14--0.08), and self-rating depression scale scores (mean difference [MD] = -13.58, 95% CI: -18.67--8.49), and increased estradiol (17β-estradiol) levels (MD = 7.90, 95% CI: 2.90-12.91). Compared with Western medicine, the combined therapy also showed higher clinical effectiveness (RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02-1.33), lower HAMD scores (SMD = -0.54, 95% CI: -0.90--0.17), and higher estradiol (17β-estradiol) levels (MD = 17.47, 95% CI: 10.12-24.82). The incidence of adverse reactions was lower in the combined therapy group (0.3%) than in the control group (3.3%). CONCLUSION:Acupuncture combined with TCM decoction appears to be an effective and safe treatment for PDD, showing superior outcomes compared with TCM decoction alone or Western medicine. However, further large-scale, high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm these findings.

Objective We determined whether the pathogenesis of perimenopausal depression (PMD) is associated with allopregnanolone (3α,5α-THP, ALLO) mediated GABAA receptors subunits expression changes in different brain regions. Simultaneously, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and intervention mechanisms of the flavonoid rutin in treating PMD. Methods The PMD rat model was established by ovariectomy surgery followed by chronic unpredictable mirutin stress processes. ALLO was administered via intraperitoneal injection to increase ALLO levels in PMD rats, while rutin was administered via oral gavage for PMD treatment. Behavioral assessments, including open-fierutin test, sucrose preference test, and forced swimming test, were conducted to evaluate depressive-like behaviors in rats. ELISA was employed to measure the levels of E2, 5-HT, NE, ALLO, and GABA in the serum. Quantitative PCR was used to assess the mRNA expression of Gabra4, Gabrb2, and Gabrd in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and amygdala. Results The PMD rats exhibited depressive-like behavior, with decreased levels of E2, 5-HT, NE, ALLO, and GABA in the serum. The mRNA expression of Gabra4 and Gabrb2 increased in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus of PMD rats, while Gabrd showed a increase in the hypothalamus and amygdala. ALLO improved depressive-like behavior and increased serum levels of E2, 5-HT, NE, and ALLO in PMD rats. ALLO acted on PMD rats, reduced mRNA expression of Gabra4 and Gabrb2 in the prefrontal cortex, increased mRNA expression of Gabrd in the prefrontal cortex, elevated mRNA expression of Gabra4 and Gabrd in the hippocampus, and decreased Gabrb2 mRNA expression in the hypothalamus.Rutin improved depressive-like behavior in PMD rats, increased serum levels of 5-HT and ALLO, and decreased mRNA expression of Gabra4 and Gabrb2 in the prefrontal cortex. Conclusion ALLO-mediated mRNA expression of Gabra4, Gabrb2 in the prefrontal cortex, and Gabrb2 in the hypothalamus is one of the pathological mechanisms in PMD. ALLO can improve depressive symptoms in PMD rats. Rutin (8.65 mg/kg) exerts a therapeutic effect on PMD by upregulating serum ALLO levels, subsequently downregulating mRNA expression of prefrontal cortex Gabra4 and Gabrb2.

目的 利用超声技术,确定大鼠甲状腺定位,同时分析评价大鼠结节性甲状腺肿模型的病变、造模程度,为结节性甲状腺肿及相关甲状腺疾病大鼠模型的诊断评估提供技术方法.方法 40只6～8周龄SPF级Wistar大鼠,雌雄各半,其中20只作为对照组,其余大鼠灌服丙基硫氧嘧啶(PTU)溶液8周,构建结节性甲状腺肿大鼠模型,造模结束后对大鼠进行甲状腺超声检测,同时进行病理检测,与超声结果进行对比.结果 超声检测显示,模型组大鼠甲状腺前后、内外侧径均显著大于对照组(P<0.001),同时可见模型组大鼠腺体不对称性增大,甲状腺侧叶有结节无包膜,边界较为模糊,不规整,散在有点状或条状纤维增生的强回声.模型组大鼠甲状腺切片HE染色显示,甲状腺组织形状、滤泡大小均不规则,差异较大,且上皮细胞增生明显,排列紊乱,胶质压缩且分布不均.模型组大鼠的超声和病理学检测均符合疾病诊断.结论 超声检测技术可以较好地进行活体评价大鼠结节性甲状腺肿动物模型,是值得推广的结节性甲状腺肿大鼠模型的评价方法.

γ-Aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs) play an important role in cognitive and emotional regulation and are related to the hippocampus. However, little is known regarding patterns of hippocampal GABAAR subunit expression in rat models of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). This study investigated the above changes by establishing two PMDD rat models based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theories, namely, PMDD liver-qi invasion syndrome (PMDD-LIS) and PMDD liver-qi depression syndrome (PMDD-LDS). Behavioral tests were used to detect depression and irritability emotion. Western blot analysis was used to investigate protein levels of GABAAR α1, α2, α4, α5, β2, β3, and δ subunits, whereas ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis was performed to determine gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu) levels in the hippocampus across each group. Concurrently, behavioral data indicated that the PMDD-LDS and PMDD-LIS rat models had been successfully established. GABAAR α2, α5, β2, and δ subunit was significantly upregulated, whereas α4 was significantly downregulated ( P < 0.05) in PMDD-LDS rat models relative to controls. On the other hand, GABAAR α1, α2, and β3 were significantly downregulated while α4 and β2 were significantly upregulated in PMDD-LIS rat models relative to the control group ( P < 0.05). Moreover, GABA levels significantly decreased, while Glu and the ratio of glutamate to GABA increased in PMDD-LIS rat models ( P < 0.05). Conversely, GABA and Glu levels significantly decreased, whereas the ratio of glutamate to GABA increased in PMDD-LIS rat models ( P < 0.05). Conclusively, our results revealed differential expression of GABAAR α1, α2, α4, α5, β2, β3, and δ subunits between PMDD-LIS and PMDD-LDS rat models, suggesting that they may be biomarkers in the pathogenesis of PMDD.

Background GABA-A receptors are the primary mediators of brain inhibitory neurotransmission. In the past years, many studies focused on this channel to decipher the pathogenesis of related diseases but lacked bibliometric analysis research. This study aims to explore the research status and identify the research trends of GABA-A receptor channels. Methods Publications related to GABA-A receptor channels were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection from 2012 to 2022. After screening, the VOSviewer 1.6.18 and Citespace 5.8 R3 were used for bibliometric analysis from journals, countries, institutions, authors, co-cited references and keywords. Results We included 12,124 publications in the field of GABA-A receptor channels for analysis. The data shows that although there was a slight decrease in annual publications from 2012 to 2021, it remained at a relatively high level. Most publications were in the domain of neuroscience. Additionally, the United States was the most prolific country, followed by China. Univ Toronto was the most productive institution, and James M Cook led essential findings in this field. Furthermore, brain activation, GABAAR subunits expression, modulation mechanism in pain and anxiety behaviors and GABA and dopamine were paid attention to by researchers. And top research frontiers were molecular docking, autoimmune encephalitic series, obesity, sex difference, diagnosis and management, EEG and KCC2. Conclusion Taken together, academic attention on GABA-A receptor channels was never neglected since 2012. Our analysis identified key information, such as core countries, institutions and authors in this field. Molecular docking, autoimmune encephalitic series, obesity, sex difference, diagnosis and management, EEG and KCC2 will be the future research direction.

围绝经期抑郁症的发病率远高于女性其他时期,其本质在于女性卵巢功能衰退,性激素异常波动,造成多系统紊乱.目前关于雌激素撤退诱发围绝经期抑郁症的关键病理机制尚不明确,导致临床尚无令人满意的治疗药物.本文通过对国内外相关文献梳理,归纳出雌激素撤退诱发抑郁症的可能机制,以期为后续围绝经期抑郁症机制研究和药物研发提供科学依据和思路.

Background: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe mood disorder with pathological changes rooted in GABRB2 copy number variation. Here, we aimed to elucidate the gene dose effect and allopregnanolone binding mechanism of Gabrb2 on possible PMDD-like and comorbid phenotypes in knockout mice. Methods: PMDD-like behaviors of Gabrb2-knockout mice were measured through various tests. Western Blot and ELISA were used to detect changes in the GABAAR subunits and related neurotransmitter changes in mice respectively for the internal mechanism. The response of mice to allopregnanolone (ALLO) was examined through an exogenous ALLO injection, then validated by the patch-clamp technique to elaborate the potential mechanism of ALLO-mediated GABAAR. Results: Gabrb2-knockout mice displayed changes in anxiety-like and depression-like emotions opposite to PMDD symptoms, changes in social, learning, and memory capacities similar to PMDD symptoms, and pain threshold changes opposite to PMDD symptoms. GABAAR δ subunit expression in the brains of the Gabrb2-knockout mice was significantly higher than that of Wild-type mice (P<0.05). Gabrb2-knockout mice demonstrated neurotransmitter metabolism disturbance of GABA, Glu, acetylcholine, DA, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Moreover, Gabrb2-knockout mice did not display the expected phenotypic effect after ALLO injection. Relative to WT mice, the knockout of the β2 subunit gene enhanced the agonistic effect of ALLO on GABAA receptors in cortical neuronal cells. Conclusions: GABAAR β 2 regulates PMDD-like behaviors. The ALLO binding site may not be located on β two subunits, abnormal δ and ε subunit expression in the mouse brain and the disturbance of neurotransmitters may result in ALLO sensitivity.

目的 综述围绝经期抑郁症动物模型制备方法及评价指标,包括动物选择、卵巢摘除手术、CUMS刺激因子使用情况、造模和治疗起始时间选择、行为学检测等.方法 收集CNKI和PubMed从建库到2022年5月期间关于围绝经期抑郁症动物模型的所有文献,依据纳入排除标准,筛选文献,提取相关信息,汇总信息、绘画图表.结果 共纳入88篇文献,中文文献71篇,英文文献17篇;大鼠模型65篇,小鼠模型23篇.造模方法多采用"OVX+CUMS"和"OVX+CUMS+孤养".大鼠(OVX)宜选择SD品系,90～120 d鼠龄,体重在200 g以上;小鼠宜选择KM品系,20 g左右;76％的研究选取7～8种刺激因子,每天随机1～2种且3～7 d内不重复出现,推荐选用禁食、禁水、夹尾、冰水游泳、昼夜颠倒;依据行为学结果进行分组的方式可减少实验鼠个体差异对实验的影响;阴道涂片一般开始于OVX手术后3 d,连续检测5 d;89％的研究选择"治疗与造模同时进行"或"造模结束后进行治疗",造模与治疗时长宜保持一致,一般为21 d或28 d;阳性对照药多选取氟西汀或氟西汀结合雌激素;行为学实验多选用旷场实验、糖水偏好实验以及强迫游泳实验.结论 本文筛选出应用最广泛的围绝经期抑郁症模型制备方法和评价指标,描述了造模过程的具体细节,有助于提高围绝经期抑郁症动物模型制备的可重复性.

Background: Perimenopausal depressive disorder (PDD) is an affective disorder involving endocrine, neurological, immune, which seriously endangers the physical and mental health of human. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the current first-line clinical treatment, have limited efficacy and serious side effects. Acupuncture combined with SSRIs therapy has been widely used clinically because it increases efficacy and reduces side effects. There is a lack of high-quality evidence to assess its efficacy and safety. This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture combined with SSRIs in the treatment of PDD by meta-analysis. Methods: All randomized controlled trials articles about acupuncture combined with SSRIs treatment of PDD will be searched in databases, such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang, Wei Pu from the construction of the library to December 16, 2021. According to Cochrane 5.1 Handbook criteria, two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of included studies. Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.4 and STATA 16.0 software. Results: This study will summarize the current evidence to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture combined with SSRIs for the treatment of PDD. Conclusion: The results of this study will provide clinicians with new treatment ideas and bring benefits to most patients. Registration number: INPLASY2021120080 (DOI number: 10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0080).

Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) are becoming common mental diseases in women impairing daily functioning. Estimation of the epidemiological burden of PMS/PMDD can serve as scientific basis for prevention and management of premenstrual disorders. Herein, we firstly provide a protocol to perform estimation on the prevalence and risk factors for PMS/PMDD in the general population globally and regionally. Methods/design: The PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane Library), Chinese VIP Information, EMBASE, Wanfang Database, as well as the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database will be queried to find related studies containing information on the prevalence of PMDD (2011-2021). Two independent reviewers will comb the literature and abstract the data characteristics. Disparities will be reconciled via consents. The primary outcome will be the global prevalence. The random-effect model will be employed to pool the assessments. The standard chi(2) tests, as well as the I-2 statistic will be used to determine heterogeneity. Furthermore, the meta-regression analysis will be employed to estimate the differences in study-level characteristics. All the statistical analyses will be carried out in the software Stata v 15.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX), as well as the R (v R 3.5.1, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) software. Discussion: Based on existing evidence, our study will offer a high-quality synthesis for global and regional prevalence, burden, and risk factors of PMS/PMDD. Effective strategies will be made for prevention and management of epidemiological burden on the PMS/PMDD, even premenstrual disorders. Ethics and dissemination: This study does not involve the specific patients, and all research data comes from publicly available professional literature, so an ethics committee is not required to conduct an ethical review and approval of the study. INPLASY registration number: INPLASY2021120065.

经前期综合征( Premenstrual Syndrome,PMS)为育龄女性高发病,经前烦躁障碍症( Premenstrual Dyspho-ric Disorder,PMDD)为其重症类型,表现为经前规律性出现情绪障碍及不适的躯体症状,影响多达80％的女性,月经来潮后消失或减轻,若不治疗,则伴随女性三十多年直到更年期[1,2].临床上,焦虑与抑郁情绪是P MDD患者典型表现,同时伴有学习记忆能力受损,并呈现一些列不适的躯体症状,如注意力不集中、易激动、嗜睡、焦虑[3].而且,烦躁、疲劳和食欲变化,情绪低落和焦虑等也是其主要症状表现,且大多数症状为中度严重.另有孙文君等[4]对多中心人群调查后发现:患者情志抑郁、焦虑且工作能力下降、学习能力下降.

Tubeimoside-1 (TBMS-1), a natural triterpenoid saponin found in traditional Chinese herbal medicine Bolbostemmatis Rhizoma, is present in numerous Chinese medicine preparations. This review aims to comprehensively describe the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and targeting preparations of TBMS-1, as well the therapeutic potential for cancer treatement. Information concerning TBMS-1 was systematically collected from the authoritative internet database of PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure applying a combination of keywords involving “tumor,” “pharmacokinetics,” “toxicology,” and targeting preparations. New evidence shows that TBMS-1 possesses a remarkable inhibitory effect on the tumors of the respiratory system, digestive system, nervous system, genital system as well as other systems in vivo and in vitro . Pharmacokinetic studies reveal that TBMS-1 is extensively distributed in various tissues and prone to degradation by the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, causing a decrease in bioavailability. Meanwhile, several lines of evidence have shown that TBMS-1 may cause adverse and toxic effects at high doses. The development of liver-targeting and lung-targeting preparations can reduce the toxic effect of TBMS-1 and increase its efficacy. In summary, TBMS-1 can effectively control tumor treatment. However, additional research is necessary to investigate in vivo antitumor effects and the pharmacokinetics of TBMS-1. In addition, to reduce the toxicity of TBMS-1, future research should aim to modify its structure, formulate targeting preparations or combinations with other drugs.

Background Perimenopausal depression (PMD) is characterized by affective symptoms as well as menopause-specific somatic complaints and has attracted increasing attention over the past few decades. Using a bibliometric tool, this study aims to evaluate the origin, current hotspots, and research trends on PMD. Methods Articles with research on PMD were retrieved from Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). We used the bibliometric method to analyze publication years, journals, countries, institutions, authors, research hotspots, and trends. We plotted the reference co-citation network and used keywords to analyze the research hotspots and trends. Results A total of 209 publications related to PMD were identified from WoSCC on May 8, 2022. The number of publications concerning PMD every year shows an upward trend. Further analysis indicated that 209 articles were contributed by 45 countries, 288 institutions, and 501 authors. The United States contributed the most significant number of publications, followed by China. Harvard University is the core institution of PMD research, and Cohen’s work has had an important impact on another research. The occurrence and pathological mechanisms of depression during the menopausal transition from the knowledge base of PMD. All of them belong to the category of gynecology and psychosis, which reflects the focus of the research topics. Major depression, postmenopausal women, symptoms like hot flashes, and prevalence and risk factors are research hotspots in the PMD field. The frontiers in PMD field that will impact future research are anxiety, meta-analysis, association, and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Conclusion These findings provide us with the core countries, institutions, and authors in PMD research and point out the direction of attention in this field. The current research focuses on depression, postmenopausal women, hot flashes, and other symptoms, as well as the prevalence and risk factors. The frontiers will be anxiety, meta-analysis, related factors, and depression assessment in future research.

Background: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is high in women of childbearing age with obvious premenstrual irritability. However, reliable animal models are still lacking. Materials and Methods: PMDD rat model of premenstrual irritability was induced by the resident-intruder paradigm (RIP). Behavioral characteristics were determined by the aggressive behavior test, elevated plus maze, open-field test, and breast width measurement. The estrous cycle in rats was artificially manipulated by bilateral ovariectomy and exogenous hormone injection to verify the model phenotype’s dependence on the estrous cycle. Fluoxetine and Baixiangdan capsules were administered by gavage to determine the symptom improvement effect of PMDD irritability. Biomarkers in serum and brain were detected using ELISA, and GABRA4 was detected in the brain by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results: Rat models demonstrated similar clinical characteristics as PMDD, such as premenstrual irritability and anxiety, and the above symptoms were estrous cycle-dependent. In addition, the levels of progesterone (P) and ALLO hormones decreased in the serum, hippocampus, amygdala, and frontal lobe in the NR phase. The contents of 5-HT in the brain were significantly increased, while NE and GABA contents were considerably reduced. Moreover, mRNA and protein expression of GABRA4 levels in model rats’ amygdala, hippocampus, and frontal lobe were significantly increased, while drug intervention downregulated its expression in these tissues. Conclusion: Premenstrual irritability rat model of PMDD demonstrates a behavioral phenotype consistent with the clinical symptoms of PMDD and micro index. The increased levels of 5-HT, NE, and expression of GABRA4, as well as the decrease of GABA, P, and ALLO levels, may be critical biomarkers of the abnormal changes that occur during the pathogenesis of PMDD.

Abstract Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) are becoming common mental diseases in women impairing daily functioning. Estimation of the epidemiological burden of PMS/PMDD can serve as scientific basis for prevention and management of premenstrual disorders. Herein, we firstly provide a protocol to perform estimation on the prevalence and risk factors for PMS/PMDD in the general population globally and regionally. Methods/design: The PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane Library), Chinese VIP Information, EMBASE, Wanfang Database, as well as the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database will be queried to find related studies containing information on the prevalence of PMDD (2011–2021). Two independent reviewers will comb the literature and abstract the data characteristics. Disparities will be reconciled via consents. The primary outcome will be the global prevalence. The random-effect model will be employed to pool the assessments. The standard χ2 tests, as well as the I2 statistic will be used to determine heterogeneity. Furthermore, the meta-regression analysis will be employed to estimate the differences in study-level characteristics. All the statistical analyses will be carried out in the software Stata v 15.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX), as well as the R (v R 3.5.1, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) software. Discussion: Based on existing evidence, our study will offer a high-quality synthesis for global and regional prevalence, burden, and risk factors of PMS/PMDD. Effective strategies will be made for prevention and management of epidemiological burden on the PMS/PMDD, even premenstrual disorders. Ethics and dissemination: This study does not involve the specific patients, and all research data comes from publicly available professional literature, so an ethics committee is not required to conduct an ethical review and approval of the study. INPLASY registration number: INPLASY2021120065.

Review question / Objective: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nonpharmacological interventions are gaining an increasing popularity for premenstrual disorders, yet their comparative effectiveness and safety remains controversial.Premenstrual disorders affect up to 12% of women and becomes more and more common among women of childbearing age.Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nonpharmacological interventions are gaining an increasing popularity for PMDD, yet their comparative effectiveness and safety remains controversial.Condition being studied: Premenstrual disorders affect up to 12% of women and becomes more and more common among women of childbearing age.Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nonpharmacological interventions are gaining an increasing popularity for premenstrual disorders, yet their comparative effectiveness and safety remains controversial.Therefore, this study will aim to compare their effectiveness and safety for premenstrual disorders by systematic review and network meta-analysis.

抑郁症是一种以持续心境低落为主要特征的疾病,具有很高的复发率和自杀率,严重危害人类健康.目前主要采用西医进行抗抑郁治疗,但由于抗抑郁西药的不良反应日渐凸显,使的中药成为抗抑郁治疗的热点.药对是中药配伍中的最小单位,是中药复方的核心.药对作为单味中药与复方之间的桥梁,是历代医家在遣方用药中的经验总结.从中药药对的角度着手,探索药对在抗抑郁治疗中发挥的作用具有重要的意义.对常见的抗抑郁药对进行阐述,以期为中药的抗抑郁治疗提供新的思路和方法.

Review question / Objective: To update of effectiveness and safety of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder.Condition being studied: Premenstrual disorders of women has become more prevalent across the globe.Although selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been used in clinic as first-line therapy for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), there still is a lack of systematic efficacy evaluation, especially the diversification of pathogenic factors in recent years.Information sources: Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials will be been comprehensive searched.Given that SSRIs is widely used in China, we will search the following Chinese databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese scientific periodical database of VIP INFORMATION and Wanfang Data from May 1st, 2011 to May 1st, 2021.The search strategy for PubMed is as follows (Table1).And the equivalent search words will be used in other databases as well.

脑卒中是目前人类死亡率最高的三大疾病之一,由于病程迁延,治疗和康复过程漫长,在很大程度上影响了患者的生活质量和功能康复,往往容易造成患者情绪低落、气郁结而不得疏泄,出现卒中后抑郁(Post-stroke Depression,PSD).国外研究表明,至少三分之一的中风幸存者最终发展为PSD,在国内其总体患病率可达30％-50％ [1].