Objective:To evaluate the effects of different exercises on patients with chronic kidney disease based on network Meta-analysis so to provide a basis for medical and nursing staff to develop exercise programs.Methods:Randomized controlled trials on the effects of different exercises on patients with chronic kidney disease were electronically searched in databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine disc, WanFang Data, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. The search period was from January 1, 2000, to March 1, 2023. Two researchers conducted literature screening, data extraction, and literature quality evaluation independently. The data was analyzed by using R software in conjunction with the gemtc package and plotted by using Stata software.Results:A total of 52 articles were included, with a cumulative sample size of 3 127 cases, involving three types of exercise (aerobic, resistance, and combined). The network Meta-analysis showed statistically significant differences between the three exercise methods and routine nursing in delaying renal function progression and improving cardiovascular endurance ( P<0.05). In controlling blood pressure and improving walking ability, the effects of three exercise methods were all superior to routine nursing, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The area under the cumulative ranking probability curve showed that aerobic exercise>resistance exercise>combined exercise in terms of delaying renal function progression. In controlling blood pressure, resistance exercise>aerobic exercise>combined exercise. In terms of improving cardiovascular endurance, aerobic exercise>resistance exercise>combined exercise; In terms of improving walking ability, resistance exercise>combined exercise>aerobic exercise. Subgroup analysis showed that ≥ 24 weeks was the optimal intervention period for aerobic exercise. Resistance exercise intervention for ≥ 12 weeks could lower blood pressure, and intervention for ≤12 weeks could improve walking ability. However, when the intervention time was longer than 24 weeks, combined exercise had an excellent effect. Conclusions:Aerobic exercise is an excellent way to delay renal function progression and improve cardiovascular endurance. Resistance exercise is the optimal exercise method for controlling blood pressure and improving walking ability. Medical and nursing staff should choose appropriate types of exercise based on the patient's medical needs.

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant public health concern, and patient self-management is an effective approach to manage the condition. Mobile applications have been used as tools to assist in improving patient self-management, but their effectiveness in long-term outpatient follow-up management of patients with CKD remains to be validated. This study aimed to investigate whether using a mobile application combined with traditional outpatient follow-up can improve health outcomes of patients with CKD . Methods This retrospective cohort study recruited CKD patients with stage 1–5 who were not receiving renal replacement therapy from a CKD management center. Two groups were established: the APP + outpatient follow-up group and the traditional outpatient follow-up group. Baseline data was collected from January 2015 to December 2019, followed by a three-year long-term follow-up until December 2022. Laboratory data, all-cause mortality, and renal replacement treatment were then collected and compared between the two groups. Results 5326 patients were included in the study, including 2492 in the APP + outpatient group and 2834 in the traditional outpatient group. After IPTW virtualization matching, the final matched the APP + outpatient group consisted of 2489 cases (IQR, 33–55) and 2850 (IQR, 33–55) in the traditional outpatient group. By the end of the study, it was observed that the laboratory data of Phosphorus, Sodium, Triglyceride, Hemoglobin showed significant improvements, Furthermore the APP + outpatient group demonstrated superior results compared to the traditional outpatient group (P < .05). And it was observed that there were 34 deaths (1.4%) in the APP + outpatient group and 46 deaths (1.6%) in the traditional outpatient group(P = .49). After matching for renal replacement therapy outcomes, the two groups were found to be comparable (95% CI [0.72–1.08], P = .23), with no significant difference. However, it was noted that the traditional outpatient group had a lower incidence of using temporary catheters during initial hemodialysis (95% CI [8.4-29.8%], P < .001). Conclusion The development and application of an app combined with outpatient follow-up management can improve patient health outcomes. However, to ensure optimal preparation for kidney replacement therapy, patients in CKD stages 4–5 may require more frequent traditional outpatient follow-ups, and further develop an information-based decision-making support tool for renal replacement therapy.

Abstract Aims To identify the incidence, prevalence and risk factors of exposure keratopathy (EK) among critically ill patients. Design Systematic review and meta‐analysis, in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 Statement. Methods The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), Weipu Database (VIP) and WanFang Database were systematically searched from inception to June 2022. Observational studies that reported EK among paediatric and adult critically ill patients were screened and included original articles based on the inclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently completed data extraction and quality assessments. Subgroup analysis investigated potential causes of heterogeneity. Results Of the 4508 studies identified, 23 studies involving 3519 subjects were included. The pooled prevalence of EK was 34.0%, and the pooled incidence rate of EK was 23.0%. Risk factors associated with EK in critically ill patients included lagophthalmos, chemosis, eye blinks <5 times per minute, mechanical ventilation, sedation, lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score. Conclusion This review shows that EK rates are high in critically ill patients and are influenced by multiple factors. Medical staff should pay more attention to EK in critically ill patients, conduct professional evaluations and implement targeted eye care protocols to reduce its occurrence. Implications for Practice This study shows the frequency of and multiple risk factors for EK in critically ill patients, which provides evidence‐based guidance for nurses to evaluate the risk of EK in critically ill patients and take appropriate precautions to reduce the risk. Protocol Registration The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/) (CRD42022346964). Patient or Public Contribution No patient or public contribution.

IntroductionEuropean Nursing care Pathways (ENP) is a professional care language that utilizes software to map care processes and utilize the data for research purposes, process control, and personnel requirement calculations. However, there is a lack of internationally developed terminology systems and subset specifically designed for the nutritional management of CKD. The aim of this study was to create a subset of the standardized nursing terminology for nutrition management in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Materials and methodsAccording to the guidelines for subset development, four research steps were carried out: (i) Translation of version 3.2 of the ENP (chapter on kidney diseases) and understanding of the framework structure and coding rules of the ENP; (ii) Identification of relevant six-dimensional nursing terms; (iii) Creation of a framework for the subset; (iv) Review and validation by experts.ResultsA subset for CKD nutritional care was created as part of this project, comprising 630 terms, with 17 causal relationships related to nursing diagnoses, 115 symptoms, 31 causes, 34 goals/outcomes, 420 intervention specifications and 13 resources, including newly developed care terms. All terms within the subset have been created using a six-step maintenance procedure and a clinical standard pathway for nutrition management in the SAPIM mode.Implications for nursing practiceThis terminology subset can facilitate standardized care reports in CKD nutrition management, which is used to standardize nursing practice, quantify nursing, services, guidance on care decisions, promoting the exchange and use of CKD nutrition data and serve as a reference for the creation of standardized subset of nursing terminology in China.

Abstract Background: CKD management nurse specialists can effectively delay the progression of CKD by starting from changing patients' lifestyles and improving their self-management ability. Chronic kidney disease management requires more comprehensive theoretical knowledge as well as skills, and therefore there is an urgent need to train a group of multi-skilled specialist nurses. However, there are few specific indicators that can be used to assess the core competencies of these specialist nurses. Therefore, this study aimed to construct a core competency evaluation index system for CKD management specialist nurses through the Delphi expert consultation method. Methods: This study initially constructed a core competency evaluation index system for CKD management nurse specialists through literature review and semi-structured interviews. Two rounds of expert consultation were conducted with 24 experts in different fields from 13 regions of China, including specialist nurses, nursing managers, nursing educators, and clinicians. They rated each item on a Likert scale and suggested modifications. Based on the recommendations of the two rounds of expert consultation and the group discussion, the final evaluation index system was formed. Results: After two rounds of expert consultation, the final evaluation index system of core competence was formed, including three first-level items: professional theoretical knowledge; Clinical practice skills; Professional development competencies,and 16 Level 2 items, corresponding to 64 detailed level items. Conclusions: The establishment of a core competency evaluation index system for CKD management specialist nurses provides a basis for the selection, training, and assessment of specialist nurses. The evaluation index system is comprehensive, reflects the characteristics of the speciality, and provides job descriptions based on core competencies, which can promote the development of chronic kidney disease management.

Purpose The patient-reported outcomes (PROs) measuring patient’s experience and perception of disease are important components of approach to care. However, no tools are available to assess the PROs of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aims to develop and verify a PROs scale to evaluate clinical outcomes in CKD patients. Methods The theoretical structure model and original item pool were formed through a literature review, patient interviews and references to relevant scales. The Delphi method, classical test theory methods and item response theory method were used to select items and adjust dimensions to form the final scale. Altogether 360 CKD patients were recruited through convenience sampling. CKD-PROs could be evaluated from four aspects, namely reliability, content validity, construct validity, responsibility, and feasibility. Results The CKD-PROs scale covers 4 domains, including the physiological, psychological, social, and therapeutic domain, and 12 dimensions, 54 items. The Cronbach’s α is 0.939, the split reliability coefficient is 0.945, and the correlation of the scores each item and domain’s coefficients range from 0.413 to 0.669. The results of structure validity, content validity and reactivity showed that the multidimensional measurement of the scale met professional expectations. The recovery rate and effective rate of the scale were over 99%. Conclusion The CKD-PROs scale has great reliability, validity, reactivity, acceptability and is capable of being used as one of the evaluation tools for the clinical outcomes of CKD patients.

Purpose Shared decision-making (SDM) about the type of renal replacement therapy to use is a matter of great importance involving patients, their families, and health treatment teams. This review aims to synthesize the volume of qualitative work explaining the factors influencing SDM regarding renal replacement therapy. Methods A systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis approach recommended by JBI was used, six databases were searched. Studies were qualitative or mixed research published since 2000, with a primary focus on patient experiences, perceptions and practices regarding which method to choose for renal replacement therapy in End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) patients. All themes were analyzed and compared to the established connectedness. Results A total of 1313 patients were enrolled in 32 studies focusing on factors associated with SDM regarding renal replacement therapy were included. All quality evaluations of the literature were medium to high. Four common themes were identified in our synthesis: (1) patient personal reasons, (2) family-related factors, (3) health care professional-related factors, and (4) social factors influence. Conclusion The model proposes pathways that could be explored further in future qualitative and quantitative studies and suggests that patients' beliefs, emotions, and awareness should be targeted alongside patients' decision-making practices to increase the efficacy of interventions. The majority of studies included in this review focus on older patients, and all report patients' perspectives. Further research is required to understand the family member perspectives on SMD of renal replacement therapy.

Objective: Exercise, like daily walking, may improve overall health and impede progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, no specific walking dose has been recommended for patients with CKD. We aimed to investigate the association between daily walking steps and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adults with CKD. Design and Methods: The walking steps of patients with CKD were extracted from the We Run mobile application. Their average daily walking steps were calculated and subdivided into the low-, middle-, and high-level groups. HRQOL was assessed using the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) of the MOS 36 Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Results: A total of 558 adults (50.5%, men) with an average age of 40.2 (+/- 13.8) years were enrolled. The median daily step count was 7,404 steps. The daily walking step count demonstrated an inverse U-shaped relationship with the SF-36 and subscale scores. Partic-ipants with daily walking steps between 7,000 and 12,000 have the highest PCS (68.1 +/- 12.2) and MCS scores (70.0 +/- 19.5). The mul-tiple linear regression model showed that compared with patients with a daily step count of 7,000 to 12,000, patients with a daily step count >12,000 had a significantly lower MCS score (P < .001), while patients with a daily step count <7,000 had significantly lower PCS (P < .001) and MCS scores (P = .034). Moreover, the multivariable logistic regression model showed that patients with a daily step count >12,000 had significantly lower mental health-related quality (odds ratio [OR], 2.188; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.079-1.439 for low MCS), while those with a daily step count <7,000 had a significantly lower HRQOL than the 7,000 to 12,000 daily step count group (OR, 2.113; 95% CI, 1.203-3.711 for low PCS; OR, 2.099; 95% CI, 1.210-3.643 for low MCS). Conclusions: These findings suggest that daily walking steps between 7,000 and 12,000 are associated with high HRQOL in adults with CKD.

Objective During total knee arthroplasty, femur and tibia parts are regularly replaced, while resurfacing the patellar or not is an ongoing discussion. To compare revision rate, anterior knee pain rate, patient‐reported outcome measures, complication, radiographic, and clinical outcomes after patellar resurfacing versus non‐resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty. Methods PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and CINAHL databases were searched on 25 April 2021 to enroll randomized controlled trials that compared patellar resurfacing versus non‐resurfacing. We used the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) framework to assess the certainty of evidence. Our primary outcome was revision rate and secondary outcomes was anterior knee pain rate. Outcomes were pooled using the random‐effect model and presented as risk ratio (RR), or mean difference (MD), with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Fifty studies (5586 knees) were included. Significant reductions in patellar revision rate (RR 0.41, 95% CI [0.19, 0.88]; P = 0.02; I2 = 24.20%) and non‐patellar revision rate (RR 0.64, 95% CI [0.55, 0.75]; P < 0.001; I2 = 0%) were seen after patellar resurfacing. Patellar resurfacing significantly reduced the anterior knee pain rate than nonresurfacing (RR 0.72, 95% CI [0.57, 0.91]; P = 0.006; I2 = 69.5%). Significant differences in patient‐reported outcome measures were found. However, these differences were inconsistent and lacked clinical importance. Patellar resurfacing resulted in a significant lower rate of patellar clunk (RR 0.58, 95% CI [0.38, 0.88]; P = 0.01; I2 = 0%), a higher patellar score (MD 1.24, 95% CI [0.67, 0.81]; P < 0.001; I2 = 73.8%), but prolonged surgical time (MD 8.59, 95% CI [5.27, 11.91]; P < 0.001; I2 = 88.8%). Conclusions The clear relationship is that patellar resurfacing reduces revisions, anterior knee pain, and patellar clunk. It will be interesting to compare the initial cost with the revision cost when required and cost‐utility analysis with long‐term results in future studies.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the qualitative research on the clinical practice experience of nursing postgraduates, so as to provide a basis for formulating a standardized and reasonable practice teaching model.Methods:The computer was used to search Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Medline, CNKI, Wanfang, Weipu and China Biology Medicine dics for relevant qualitative researches on clinical practice experience of nursing postgraduates. The search time was from the establishment of the database to February 28, 2020. The 2017 version of the Australian Evidence-based Health Care Center Qualitative Research Quality Evaluation Standard was used to evaluate the quality of the literature. The aggregative synthesis method was used to integrate results of the included literature.Results:A total of 12 studies were included, 40 results were extracted and 7 new categories were formed. Finally, three integrated results were formed, namely, teachers with lower qualifications, lack of management and assessment and status of conflict between practice and scientific research, psychological experience including positive psychological experience and negative psychological experience, and practices suggestions and expectations such as formulating reasonable teaching strategies and strengthening supervision and assessment.Conclusions:Nursing educators should attach importance to the clinical practice experience of postgraduate students, formulate a standard and reasonable practice teaching mode and improve the clinical practice ability of postgraduate students.

目的 系统评价手术前握力锻炼对拟行动静脉内瘘(arteriovenous fistula,AVF)术的慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)患者前臂血管内径的影响.方法 计算机检索中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网期刊数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库、万方期刊数据库、PubMed、Medline、Co-chrane library中已发表的相关文献,检索时限为建库至2021年2月26日.由2名研究员独立筛选文献、提取资料、文献质量评价并进行交叉核对,采用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析.结果 共纳入研究12篇,累计样本量343例.Meta分析结果显示:①锻炼后血管内径大于锻炼前血管内径(SMD=1.03,95％ CI:0.62～1.45,P＜0.01).②加压锻炼增加血管内径(SMD=1.31,95％ CI:0.26～2.36,P=0.01),非加压锻炼同样增加血管内经(SMD=0.92,95％ CI:0.49～1.34,P＜0.01).③不同锻炼时间节点血管内径与锻炼前血管内径比较:锻炼第2周(SMD=0.72,95％ CI:0.05～1.38,P=0.03)、第4周(SMD=1.60,95％CI:0.75～2.45,P＜0.01)、第6～8周(S5MD=1.47,95％ CI:0.77～2.18,P＜0.01)血管内径均大于锻炼前血管内径;④锻炼第8周血管内径与锻炼第4周血管内径比较差异无统计学意义(SMD=0.31,95％ CI:-0.43～1.05,P=0.41).结论 手术前握力锻炼可增加拟行AVF手术的CKD患者前臂血管内径,加压锻炼与非加压锻炼均有利于血管内径的增加,可将握力锻炼时间提前到手术前4周或8周.