Introduction The purpose of this research was to investigate how dietary supplementation with fermented herbal residues (FCMR) affected birds' development capacity, quality of meat, gut barrier, and cecum microbiota. Methods 540 cyan-shank partridge birds aged 47 days were chosen and divided into two groups of six replicates each and 45 birds for each replicate. The control group (CON) received a basal diet, while the trial group decreased a basic diet containing 5% FCMR. Results and discussion The findings revealed that the addition of FCMR decreased FCR and increased ADG in broilers ( P < 0.05). Adding FCMR increased steaming loss in broiler chicken breasts ( p < 0.05). Supplementation with FCMR significantly enhanced VH/CD and VH in the bird's intestine (jejunum, duodenum, and ileum) ( p < 0.05). In addition, the addition of FCMR significantly down-regulated mRNA expression of INF-γ, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α and up-regulated mRNA expression of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin ( P < 0.05). Microbial 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing study revealed that supplements with FCMR modified the cecum microbiota, and α-diversity analysis showed that supplementation with FCMR reduced the cecum bacterial abundance in broilers ( P < 0.05). At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Spirochaetota increased considerably following FCMR supplementation ( P < 0.05). The broiler cecum's close lot of Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 ( P < 0.05), Desulfovibrio, Muribaculaceae , and Fusobacterium ( p < 0.05) reduced when FCMR was supplemented. Supplementation with FCMR can promote growth capacity and maintain intestinal health in birds by enhancing gut barrier function and modulating the inflammatory response and microbial composition.

[目的]探索小口径容器中泡酒天麻较优前处理方式.[方法]利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对不同前处理下小口径容器中天麻配制酒天麻素和对羟基苯甲醇的含量进行检测分析.[结果]该配制酒中天麻素含量随着时间推移不断增加,于35 d开始逐步趋于稳定;除个别处理对羟基苯甲醇含量随时间推移有增加外,大多处理对羟基苯甲醇含量于7 d已趋于稳定.不同前处理方式对小口径容器天麻配制酒中天麻素的析出、酒体色泽均具有较大影响,对对羟基苯甲醇的析出影响不大.[结论]综合考虑小口径容器天麻配制酒药效成分含量和酒体色泽差异,以蒸锅蒸制20～25 min为较优前处理工艺;天麻浸泡时间应不低于35 d.

This research aimed to investigate the effects of supplements containing fermented feed made from Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus by-products (CSFBP-Fermented feed) on the growth performance, immunological function, and gut health of broilers. 1080 cyan-shank partridge birds aged 47 days were chosen and casually distributed to four groups, each with 6 replicates and 45 birds per replicate. The experimental groups were provided with 1% (group T2), 3% (group T3) and 5% (group T4) of CSFBP-fermented feed in the basic diet, while the control group (group T1) received the basic diet. The findings revealed that supplementation with CSFBP-Fermented feed reduced ADFI and FCR and improved ADG in birds ( P < 0.05). MDA levels in the serum of birds fed CSFBP-fermented feed were lower than in the control group ( P < 0.05). The CAT activity in the serum of broilers increased after supplementation with 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed ( P < 0.05). Supplementing broilers with CSFBP-fermented feed enhanced VH in the ileum, jejunum, and duodenum ( P < 0.05). The addition of 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed decreased CD in the jejunum ( P < 0.05). The addition of 3% and 5% CSFBP-Fermented feed increased the mRNA expression of ZO-1 and Occludin in the jejunum of broiler chickens and reduced the mRNA expression of IL-6 ( P < 0.05). The addition of 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed increased the mRNA expression of Claudin in the jejunum of broiler chickens and reduced IL-1β mRNA expression ( P < 0.05). Compared to the control group, all experimental groups exhibited decreased mRNA expression of TNF-α and INF-γ in the jejunal mucosa of the birds ( P < 0.05). According to research using high-throughput sequencing of microorganisms' 16S rDNA, and an analysis of α-diversity found that supplementing broilers with 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed decreased the number of bacteria in their cecum ( P < 0.05). Bacteroidota was higher in all groups after supplementation with CSFBP-Fermented feed. At the genus level, after addition with 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed, the abundance of Bacteroide and Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group were higher than the control group (33.36% vs 29.95%, 4.35% vs 2.94%). The abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Fusobacterium were lower than the control group (5.52% vs. 7.17%,0.38% vs. 1.33%). In summary, supplementing the diet with CSFBP-Fermented feed can promote the growth of performance by enhancing intestinal morphology, and barrier function, as well as modulating intestinal inflammatory factors and microbial composition in broilers.

This research aimed to assess the impact of fermented Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus by-products (FCSF) on the growth performance, gut digestive enzyme activity, nutrient utilization efficiency, gut microbiota, and their metabolites in broiler chickens. A total of 1,080 male broiler chickens were allocated into four groups (T1–T4) consisting of 6 replicates per group, each containing 45 chickens. The basal diet was provided to group T1, while groups T2, T3, and T4 were supplemented with 1%, 3%, and 5% FCSF in the basal diet, respectively. The experimental period was 42 days. The findings revealed that supplementing FCSF improved the FW and ADG of broiler chickens, and led to a reduction in the F/G, ADFI, and mortality rate of broiler chickens (p < 0.05). Furthermore, supplementation with 3% and 5% FCSF improved the thigh yield, semi-eviscerated carcass yield, slaughter yield, and lipase activity in the duodenum and ileum of birds (p < 0.05). Additionally, supplementing 3% FCSF enhanced the activity of protease in the duodenum of broilers (p < 0.05). Moreover, supplementing 3% FCSF enhanced the utilization of total phosphorus, dry matter, crude protein, and crude ash in the feed by broilers (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, supplementation of 3% and 5% FCSF reduced the serine content in broiler chicken breast meat (p < 0.05). Supplementing 1% FCSF significantly increased the C14:0, C14:1, and C20:1 content in the breast meat compared to the other experimental groups (p < 0.05). The levels of C20:4n6 and C23:0 in the breast meat of birds of FCSF supplemented groups were lower than in T1 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the content of ∑ω-3PUFA decreased after supplementing with 3% and 5% FCSF (p < 0.05). 16SrDNA showed that supplementing 3% FCSF reduced the ACE, Chao1, and Shannon indices in the cecum of birds (p < 0.05). Supplementing 3% FCSF also decreased the abundance of the phylum Desulfobacterota and improved genera Coprobacter and Prevotella in the cecum of broiler chickens (p < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis of the gut microbiota revealed that supplementing 3% FCSF upregulated 6 metabolites and downregulated 16 metabolites (p < 0.05). Moreover, supplementing 3% FCSF downregulated 12 metabolic pathways and upregulated 3 metabolic pathways (p < 0.05). In summary our findings indicate that supplementing FCSF can improve the growth performance of broiler chickens by enhancing intestinal digestive enzyme activity, nutrient utilization, improving gut microbial diversity, and influencing the metabolism of gut microbiota.

Objective:To research the new cultivation patterns,to provide the foundation for industrialization development of Dendrobium denneanum.Methods:The growth and development,agronomic characters,yield and quality of Dendrobium denneanum under the three different cultivation patterns(potted planting,improved planting and traditional stone planting) had been researched.Results:The growth and developnent of Dendrobium denneanum under different cultivation patterns have no differences,but the agronomic characters and yield are different.In three different cultivation patterns,the quality of Dendrobium denneanum were not very different,but all reached the traditional Chinese medicine standards of Sichuan.Conclusion:Potted planting and improved planting are two new cultivation patterns which are suitable for the industrialization development of Dendrobium denneanum because of the higher year yield,it should be generalized in Jiajiang area of Sichuan province.

Objective] To provide theoretical basis for breeding good-quality variety through the comparative study on agronomic characters, yields and qualities of the three different strains of D.denneanum.[ Method] Using the existing common strain of D.denneanum in Jiajiag County as the control, the stem length, stalk node number, stem diameter, fresh weight of single stem and tillering capacity of the three new strains (JZSH-1, JZSH-2 and JZSH-3) were measured.After harvest, the fresh yield, dry yield and drying rate were measured for quality test.[Result] The agronomic characters and yields of three new strains were different, and the fresh and dry yields of the strain JZSH-2 showed the best.The qualities of three new strains all reached the requirement of Standards for Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials of Si-chuan, and the quality of JZSH-2 was the best.[ Conclusion] The new strain JZSH-2 should be vigorously promoted for cultivation because of the outstanding yield and quality performances.

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of different altitudes and sowing dates on direct sowing Angelica sinensis biomass, yield and quality, and to provide a theoretical basis for Angelica sinensis direct sowing cultivation techniques. METHODS Two factors trials were used to research the influence of altitude and sowing dates on yield and quality of direct sowing Angelica sinensis. The altitudes were located at 2500, 2000 and 1500 m, and the sowing dates were set up at autumn August 29, and Spring April 3 and April 24. The experiments were designed with split plot. RESULTS Under the same altitude, roots and aboveground biomass of direct sowing Angelica sinensis were higher when sowing earlier. In the same sowing date, the root and aboveground biomass was the maximum at 2 000 m altitude, followed by elevation of 1 500 m. At 2 500 m altitude, Angelica sinensis root and aboveground biomass was the minimum. Sowing at 2 000 m altitude at August 29 direct sowing Angelica sinensis showed the highest biomass and yield, reaching 13 840.95 kg/hm2, significantly higher than the other treatments. Compared with transplanting Angelica sinensis in this region, the production of direct sowing Angelica sinensis was also 15. 3% higher. Angelica sinensis medicinal grade was significantly higher than the rest of the process. Angelica sinensis extract, volatile oil and ferulic acid content had reached the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. CONCLUSION Angelica sinensis sowed in late August at 2000 m altitude has the best yield and quality on root length, root diameter, plant height, leaf number, dry and fresh matter accumulation, followed by 1500 m altitude, and 2500 m worst. Therefore, altitude range of Angelica sinensis direct sowing cultivation area can be reduced to 1500-2000 m. CONCLUSION Angelica sinensis sowed in late August, at 2000 m altitude, the indicators like root length,root diameter,plant height,leaf number,and dry and fresh matter accumulation showed the best, followed by 1500 m altitude, 2500 m worst. Therefore, altitude range of Angelica sinensis direct sowing cultivation area can be reduced to 1500~2000 m.

目的:探索适于直播当归高产栽培的覆盖方式和密度.方法:采用二因素试验进行覆盖方式和密度对直播当归生长动态的影响研究,覆盖方式设覆盖柴胡秆、覆盖麦草、覆盖地膜3个水平,密度设5.3万株/666.7 m2、3.8万株/666.7 m2、3.0万株/666.7 m2 3个水平,裂区设计.结果:当归用种子直播栽培播种时采用覆盖麦草对当归生长的促进效应显著大于覆盖柴胡秆和覆盖地膜的效应,覆盖麦草能使当归出苗后在7、8月份达到较高的植株高度、较高的地上部鲜重和干重及足够的叶数,在8、9月份对根长和根粗促进效应显著,从而提高根鲜重和干重;直播当归根粗、根长、根鲜重和干重均随密度降低呈增加趋势,三种不同密度对直播当归生长效应依次为密度3万株/666.7 m2＞ 3.8万株/666.7 m2 ＞5.3万株/666.7 m2;覆盖方式和密度对直播当归生长互作效应显著.结论:当归直播栽培采用覆盖麦草方式下密度3万株/666.7 m2能获得较高的单株根鲜重和干重,是既能防止当归早期抽薹又能保证直播当归单株产量和品质的一种行之有效的栽培模式.

Three kinds of mineral fertilizer promote the growth and development and yield of Angelica sinensis in varying degrees.The treatments of 4 020 kg/hm2YinRongFeng organic fertilizer and 4 020 kg/hm2XinQing mineral fertilizer have the best indexes.Under the two treatments,the root length,diameter of root and plant height of A.sinensis are better than the other treatments,but is not significantly different on leaf number.The yield reached to 7 843.75 kg/hm2and 7 625 kg/hm2,increase 54.67% and 50.35% compared to the comparison.Under the treatment of 4 020 kg/hm2 YinRongFeng organic fertilizer,the volatile oil increase 0.7% mL/g compared to Chinese pharmacopoeial,the ferulic acid increase 0.075% compared to Chinese pharmacopoeia.In order to ensure the yield and quality.So,it is concluded that 4 020 kg/hm2 YinRongFeng organic fertilizer and 4 020 kg/hm2 XinQing mineral fertilizer can increase the yield an improve the quality.

The effects of mulching method and plant density on agronomic characters and yield of Angelica sinensis direct seeding was studied . The densities were 30 000 plants/hm2, 38 000 plants/hm2 and 53 000 plants/hm2 . The split plot design was adopted in the experiment . The results showed that promoting effects of mulching straw of wheat after seeding were significant on the agronomic characters and yield of Angelica sinensis. The root diameter, root length, root fresh weight and dry weight were increased whith densities decreased . The biomasses of Angelica sinensis were the highest by 444 000 plants/hm2 applied . The conclusion was that mulching straw of wheat combined with 444 000 plants/hm2 were must applied after Angelica Sinensis direct seeding to obtain high root fresh weight, dry weight and yield, and they were 14.70 g, 4.73 g and 6 690 kg/hm2.