The DNA copy number variations (CNVs) are widely involved in affecting various kinds of biological functions, such as environmental adaptation. Tibetan sheep and White Suffolk sheep are two representative indigenous and exotic breeds raised in Sichuan, China, and both of them have many contrasting biological characteristics. In this study, we employed high-throughput sequencing approach to investigate genome-wide CNVs between the two sheep breeds. A total of 11,135 CNV regions (CNVRs) consisting of 6,488 deletions and 4,647 duplications were detected, whose length ranged from 1,599 bp to 0.56 Mb with the mean of 4,658 bp. There were 281 CNVRs segregated between Tibetan sheep and White Suffolk sheep, and 18 of them have been fixed within both breeds. Functional analyses of candidate genes within the segregating CNVRs revealed the thyroid hormone signaling pathway and CTNNB1 gene that would be responsible for differential biological characteristics of breeds, such as energy metabolism, seasonal reproduction, and litter size. Furthermore, the segregating CNVRs identified in this study were overlapped with many known quantitative trait loci that are associated with growth, testis weight, and reproductive seasonality. In conclusion, these results help us better understanding differential biological characteristics between Tibetan sheep and White Suffolk sheep.

若尔盖国家公园是川甘共建的一个国家公园,是黄河上游重要的水源涵养地,对保护黄河上游的湿地资源、生态系统及生物多样性具有极其深远的意义.2022 年8 月,四川省草原科学研究院赴若尔盖县通过实地考察及会议座谈的方式,对若尔盖国家公园创建过程中草原畜牧业转型升级的畜牧业现状、具体措施、成效、存在的问题等进行了调研,并提出了相应的建议与对策.

为了掌握甘孜州地方绵羊群体的肌肉营养特性,选择玛格绵羊、勒通绵羊、贡嘎绵羊及扎溪卡绵羊四个群体的周岁公、母羊(每个群体公、母羊各10只,共计80只)进行屠宰、取样,测定其肌肉营养指标、矿物质元素、重金属、胆固醇及氨基酸含量等.结果显示:四个群体公、母羊肌肉的脂肪含量为2.65％～8.00％,蛋白质含量为19.07％～22.35％;肌肉中磷、钾、钠、镁、铁等五种元素及胆固醇的含量在四个群体中比较一致,但玛格绵羊公、母羊的硒和锌元素含量均高于贡嘎绵羊、勒通绵羊和扎溪卡绵羊群体,而扎溪卡绵羊群体中的锌元素含量相对最低;肌肉中铅、镉和铬等重金属元素含量较低,在检出限范围内未检测到砷、汞、铜和锰等元素;肌肉中必需氨基酸含量为6.55～7.50g/100g,非必需氨基酸含量为10.25～12.12g/100g,鲜味氨基酸含量为7.53～8.47g/100g.本研究结果为进一步深入了解四川省甘孜州绵羊资源群体的生物学特性奠定了基础.

为了评价四川省得荣县玛格绵羊资源群体的遗传多样性,选择位于绵羊染色体上的30个微卫星标记,采用毛细管电泳进行等位基因分型,分析并评价玛格绵羊群体的遗传多样性.结果显示:玛格绵羊群体30个微卫星标记具有4～14个等位基因,平均为8.37个等位基因;观察杂合度(Ho)为0.217～0.850,平均为0.605 5,期望杂合度(He)为0.333～0.897,平均为0.701 8;多态信息含量(PIC)为0.310～0.879,平均为0.664.揭示玛格绵羊资源群体的遗传多样性丰富,为下一步开发利用奠定了基础.

为了摸清四川省甘孜藏族自治州绵羊群体的生物学特性,选择了玛格绵羊、勒通绵羊、贡嘎绵羊和扎溪卡绵羊等群体,每群体随机选择周岁公、母羊各10只,共计80只,进行屠宰,测定相应的屠宰指标及肌肉品质指标.结果表明:1)玛格绵羊公、母羊周岁体重分别为19.96±4.05kg和15.63±2.84kg,扎溪卡绵羊分别为38.13±6.30kg和32.33±5.06kg,勒通绵羊分别为32.27±4.85kg和26.41±5.2kg,贡嘎绵羊分别为34.17±4.11kg和25.52±2.24kg;2)玛格绵羊周岁公、母羊屠宰率分别为45.15±2.69％和45.61±1.98％,净肉率分别为34.51±2.07％和33.72±1.79％,贡嘎绵羊屠宰率分别为45.00±1.10％和44.64±3.95％,净肉率分别为33.91±1.56％和31.81±3.48％,勒通绵羊屠宰率分别为47.02±1.72％和47.80±2.31％,净肉率分别为35.95±1.37％和36.07±2.68％,扎溪卡绵羊屠宰率分别为46.69±0.95％和46.68±2.44％,净肉率分别为35.77±2.73％和35.44±0.69％;3)玛格绵羊公、母羊肌肉熟肉率分别为66.15±1.73％和65.36±2.03％,眼肌面积分别为9.29±2.01 cm 2和7.47±1.15 cm 2,贡嘎绵羊熟肉率分别为65.03±1.68％和64.73±2.32％,眼肌面积分别为12.91±0.42 cm 2和12.26±0.60 cm 2,勒通绵羊公、母羊熟肉率分别为65.29±5.97％和64.30±1.77％,眼肌面积分别为14.77±3.35 cm 2和12.62±3.23 cm 2;扎溪卡绵羊公、母羊熟肉率分别为65.99±3.71％和64.71±4.90％,眼肌面积分别为14.28±3.01 cm 2和12.37±3.32 cm 2.该次试验,首次获得了甘孜州四个绵羊群体的屠宰及肌肉品质方面的基础数据,为进一步挖掘这些群体奠定基础.

绵羊Fec B基因是BMPR-IB基因的A746 G位置的突变,导致249位置处的谷氨酰胺转变为精氨酸,从而引起一系列的生理效应.本文阐述了Fec B基因的由来、定位、生理效应、国内绵羊群体的Fec B基因的研究进展及Fec B基因在国内的应用,以期促进我国绵羊多胎繁殖基因的导入,提高绵羊群体的繁殖能力.

Sichuan, China, has abundant genetic resources of sheep ( Ovis aries ). However, their genetic diversity and population structure have been less studied, especially at the genome-wide level. In the present study, we employed the specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing for identifying genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among five breeds of sheep distributed in Sichuan, including three local pure breeds, one composite breed, and one exotic breed of White Suffolk. From 494 million clean paired-end reads, we obtained a total of 327,845 high-quality SNPs that were evenly distributed among all 27 chromosomes, with a transition/transversion ratio of 2.56. Based on this SNP panel, we found that the overall nucleotide diversity was 0.2284 for all five breeds, with the highest and lowest diversity observed in Mage sheep (0.2125) and Butuo Black (0.1963) sheep, respectively. Both Wright’s fixation index and Identity-by-State distance revealed that all individuals of Liangshan Semifine-wool, White Suffolk, and Butuo Black sheep were respectively clustered together, and the breeds could be separated from each other, whereas Jialuo and Mage sheep had the closest genetic relationship and could not be distinguished from each other. In conclusion, we provide a reference panel of genome-wide and high-quality SNPs in five sheep breeds in Sichuan, by which their genetic diversity and population structures were investigated.

四川的绵羊品种/群体的繁殖力都比较低,一胎只产1只羔羊,极少产2只,本文详细介绍了 FecB基因与绵羊繁殖力的关系、四川的主要绵羊品种/群体和国内携带FecB基因的绵羊品种/群体,针对四川的绵羊品种/群体,探讨了导入FecB的措施与方法,导入后羊群的饲养管理等,以期通过导入FecB基因来提高四川的绵羊品种/群体的繁殖力.

随着全球消费者对绿色食品重要性的认识不断加深,及对其需求的日益增加,来自高海拔无污染地区的盐源红骨绵羊以具有生产"绿色肉食品"的独特优势引起了广泛关注.为合理开发利用和扩大红骨绵羊肉的产品市场,在以往提高其生产性能研究的基础上,应加大对其肉品质量的研究,为人们提供安全优质的绿色肉制品.国外对红骨绵羊的研究较少,国内对红骨山羊的研究较多.研究表明:两种山羊的染色体形态较相似,二倍体染色体众数均为2n=60,两种山羊常染色体29对全部为端着丝粒,X 染色体相对长度介于1号与2号染色体之间为端着丝粒,Y染色体最小且为唯一的中端着丝粒染色体.

为挖掘最新发现的四川省甘孜藏族自治州稻城县亚丁牦牛群体的遗传资源特性,试验选取6头成年牦牛进行屠宰及分割,测定其宰前体尺体重、胴体性状及产肉性能各项指标.研究结果表明亚丁牦牛宰前重公牦牛大于母牦牛,具有显著性差异(P＜0.05);体高公牦牛大于母牦牛,具有极显著性差异(P＜0.01);胴体重公牦牛大于母牦牛,两者间具有极显著性差异(P＜0.01);净骨重公牦牛大于母牦牛,两者间具有极显著性差异(P＜0.01);净肉重公牦牛大于母牦牛,两者间具有极显著性差异(P＜0.01);其他指标公母牦牛之间均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).亚丁牦牛产肉性能良好,是我国较好的牦牛遗传资源,具有进一步选育开发和挖掘的潜力.

为了探讨绵羊肌肉中IGF-Ⅰ基因的表达规律,试验以白藏杂交羊、藏绵羊、凉山半细毛羊和白凉杂交羊等4个周岁公羊群体为研究对象,采用RT-PCR技术,分析了4个群体中的背最长肌、臂三头肌、股二头肌和腰大肌等4个肌肉组织的表达规律.结果 表明:IGF-Ⅰ基因在4个群体的4个肌肉组织中均有表达,每个群体中的4个部位的表达存在各自的规律性;背最长肌、臂三头肌、股二头肌和腰大肌中的IGF-Ⅰ基因的表达均以在白藏杂交羊群体中表达最高,而在其他三个群体中不同部位的肌肉组织的表达呈现各自的规律.

藏羊硬蜱病是由吸血节肢动物寄生而导致的一种体表寄生虫病.硬蜱不仅会直接侵害羊群,还会使羊出现食欲减退、体重降低、代谢失调等.另外,硬蜱还是多种人畜共患病的传播媒介,严重危害畜牧业发展和人类健康.现就硬蜱生活史与习性、危害及防控等进行概述.

为了提高藏绵羊的生产性能,利用白萨福克羊与藏绵羊进行杂交,测定了白-藏 F1代羊和藏绵羊的各年玲段的体重体尺指标、屠宰性能、产肉性能及肉质指标等.结果表明:白-藏 F1代公、母羊的初生重、6 月龄体重、12月玲体重和日增重均有极显著提高(P＜0.01),6～12月龄日增重相对0～6月龄日增重有所下降;初生重、6月龄体重和0～6月龄日增重极显著高于藏绵羊(P＜0.01); 6月龄时体高、体长、胸围、管围都有所增加(P＞ 0.05),胸围增大最明显(P ＜ 0.01); 12 月龄体高、体长、胸围和管围均比母本藏绵羊有显著增加(P＜0.01).白-藏F1代羊与藏绵羊相比,胴体重提高 12.36％,净肉重提高 13.28％,净肉率提高 6.02％,屠宰率提高 7.50％,差异均显著(P＜0.05); GR值高于藏绵羊,差异极显著(P＜0.01).

利用白萨福克羊与藏绵羊进行杂交改良,杂一代初生重、6月龄体重和0～6月龄日增重极显著高于藏绵羊(P＜0.01);体尺方面,体高略有提高(P＞0.05),体长明显大于藏绵羊(P＜0.05),管围也有加大(P＜0.05),胸围增大最显著(P＜0.01),改良效果明显.

若尔盖县的辖曼种羊场于1958年建场,经历了近60年的风雨,向若尔盖县及周边县的牧民提供了大量的优质种羊.2017年,通过查阅等方式对辖曼种羊场的自然环境、性质与现状、绵改历史、存在的问题及未来的发展方向进行了调查,以促进辖曼种羊场加强草地型西藏羊的选育和技术更新,提高种羊质量.

若尔盖县是一个牧业县,也是一个深度贫困县,以饲养西藏羊和牦牛为主,尤其是西藏羊,是当地牧民的主要经济来源.2017年,对若尔盖县的自然环境、贫困现状、扶贫措施、扶贫成效及肉羊产业发展进行了调研,归纳总结了当前扶贫与肉羊产业发展中存在的问题,根据若尔盖县肉羊产业的发展,提出了若尔盖县在扶贫中肉羊产业发展的对策.

为了弄清楚布拖黑绵羊资源群体的遗传特性,试验随机选择了18月龄公羊进行屠宰,采集其肌肉样品并测定肌肉中的各项营养指标.结果表明:布拖黑绵羊公羊肌肉中蛋白质含量为20.97％,脂肪含量为2.39％,胆固醇含量为67.07mg/100g;肌肉中富含矿物质元素,钾、钠、磷、钙、镁、铁、锌和硒含量为0.29％、0.046％、0.1867％、57.43mg/kg、224.67mg/kg、17.80mg/kg、23.93mg/kg、0.0167mg/kg,重金属元素含量较低或在其检出限范围内未检测到;EAA/TAA为38.90％,EAA/NEAA为63.41％,比较接近或高于FAO/WHO的模式标准.因此,布拖黑绵羊肉是一种富含矿物质元素、低胆固醇的比较理想的蛋白质食物.

本研究以白萨福克羊为父本,藏系绵羊为母本,通过白藏杂交提高产肉性能.在自然放牧条件下,经测定,12月龄白-藏羊活重比藏系绵羊高6.82％,差异显著(P＜0.05),胸围极显著大于藏羊(P＜0.01);胴体重提高12.36％,净肉重13.28％,净肉率提高6.02％,屠宰率提高7.50％,差异显著(P＜0.05);眼肌面积提高1.65％,差异不显著(P ＞0.05);GR值差异极显著(P＜0.01);后腿肉重提高18.02％,胸下肉降低21.13％,颈肉重提高95.24％,差异均极显著(P＜0.01);腰肉提高4.08％,肋肉提高6.90％,肩胛肉重提高6.30％,差异显著(P＜0.05).大腿肌肉厚提高58.54％,腰脂厚降低23.08％,差异均极显著(P＜0.01);背脂厚度、胴体长、胴体深、胴体胸深、胴体后腿长、胴体后腿宽、腰部肌肉厚均差异不显著(P＞0.05).白-藏羊与藏系绵羊相比,剪切力、失水率、熟肉率差异均显著(P＜0.05).

本文旨在研究布拖黑绵羊群体的遗传特性,选择了位于绵羊染色体上的30个微卫星标记,统计等位基因、多态信息含量、杂合度等,分析布拖黑绵羊群体的遗传多样性.结果表明,布拖黑绵羊群体30个微卫星标记具有4 ～13个等位基因,平均为7.27个等位基因;30个微卫星标记的观察杂合度为0.3269～0.8846,平均为0.6269;期望杂合度为0.3620 ～0.8865,平均为0.6769;多态信息含量为0.3338～0.8660,平均为0.6257,显示布拖黑绵羊群体具有丰富的遗传多样性.

Using the methods of paraffin section, we tested the muscle fiber diameter, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, and muscle fiber density of twelve-months-old Tibetan sheep and White Suffolk sheep. The results showed that muscle fiber di-ameter, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, and muscle fiber density had no significant difference among longissimus dorsi muscle, triceps muscle of arm, and biceps femoris muscle of rams and ewes of Tibetan sheep and White-Tibetan sheep. Those of longissimus dorsi muscle, triceps muscle of arm, and biceps femoris muscle had no significant difference between rams and ewes of Tibetan sheep and White-Tibetan sheep. Muscle fiber diameter of triceps muscle of arm of rams of White-Tibetan sheep was significantly higher than those of ewes of Tibetan sheep; and that those of ewes of White-Tibetan sheep was higher than those of ewes of Tibetan sheep; muscle fiber cross-sectional area of triceps muscle of arm of rams and ewes of White-Tibetan sheep were higher than those of ewes of Tibetan sheep; muscle fiber density of triceps muscle of arm of ewes of Tibetan sheep were higher than those of rams and ewes of White-Tibetan sheep; and those of rams of Tibetan sheep was higher than those of ewes of White-Tibetan sheep; muscle fiber diameter of biceps femoris muscle of rams of White-Ti-betan sheep was higher than those of ewes of Tibetan sheep; muscle fiber cross- sectional area of rams and ewes of White-Tibetan sheep were higher than those of ewes of Tibetan sheep; muscle fiber density of ewes of Tibetan sheep was higher than those of ewes of White-Tibetan sheep.