Background. Physiological and biochemical research on winter stress resistance of apple-tree cultivars of different ecogeographic origin under global warming is important for identifying the most adaptable genotypes for use in breeding practice. Such resistance is associated with the content of carbohydrates and anthocyanins, and the activity of peroxidase.Materials and methods. Two winter apple-tree cultivars developed at the North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine making (NCFSCHVW) and 3 foreign winter cultivars were studied using conventional physiological and biochemical methods.Results and discussion. The apple-tree cultivars ‘Orfey’ and ‘Prikubanskoye’ bred at the NCFSCHVW, when compared with foreign cvs. ‘Enterprise’, ‘Florina’ and ‘Ligol’, demonstrated higher contents of total water (by 2.5 %), starch (by 9.5 mg/g) and water-soluble sugars (by 19.3 mg/g) in shoots during the winter period. In the process of wintering, the anthocyanin content increased 2.9–4.3 times in the domestic cultivars, and 2.4–2.8 times in foreign ones. No regularities were found between the level of total peroxidase activity and winter hardiness of the studied apple cultivars.Conclusion. Cvs. ‘Orfey’ and ‘Prikubanskoye’ showed increased adaptability to the winter conditions in the unstable climate of Southern Russia, and can be recommended for cultivation in Krasnodar Territory and use in breeding practice.

Due to climate change in the Anapa-Taman zone of the Krasnodar Territory, the occurrence of extremely low temperatures in winter has become more frequent, which reduce the adaptability of grapevine. The purpose of the work is to identify the me-chanisms of adaptive resistance of grapevine varieties of different frost resistance based on a comparative analysis of physiological and biochemical changes occurring in the autumn-winter period. Objects of research: interspecific hybrids of various ecological and geographical origins: Kristall (control – Euro-Amur-American origin; Dostoyny, Krasnostop AZOS – Euro-American origin; Vostorg – Amur- European origin; Aligote – Western European origin, Zarif – intraspecific hybrid. Research was carried out on the basis of the ampelographic collection of the North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, Viticulture, and Winemaking (NCFSCHVW), located in the city of Anapa. The water content of wintering buds was greater than that of the unstable varieties Ali-gote and Zarif. Also, the buds of the varieties Kristall, Dostoyny, Krasnostop AZOS, and Vostorg contained increased amounts of ab-scisic acid and soluble proteins in comparison with the varieties Aligote and Zarif. The water content, abscisic acid, soluble proteins in wintering buds can be used as criteria for breeding purposes when breeding frost-resistant varieties.

The results of physiological and biochemical evaluation of resistance to heat and drought of five apple tree varieties of different ecological and geographical origin in the conditions of the Krasnodar Territory are presented. The following varieties were studied during 2020-–2022: Interprise (America), Florina (France), Orphey, Margo, Bagryanets Kubani (Russia). Indicators of water regime were determined by the weight method after drying the samples in the thermostat at 105°C to constant weight. The content of photosynthetic pigments was determined spectrophotometrically in 85% acetone extract. The ascorbic acid content was determined by capillary electrophoresis. Under the conditions of tension stress factors of the summer period, the varieties Orphey and Margo showed the smallest decrease in water content of the leaf tissues (by 1.32–1.45%) in comparison with the other studied varieties (by 2.40–3.27%). Orphey and Margo varieties showed the highest values of bound water to free water ratio in all summer months, which in August were 9.95 and 9.97, respectively, in other varieties they were 6.54–7.46. Stable content of the sum of chlorophylls during the summer in the varieties Orphey and Margo, as well as low ratios of the sum of chlorophylls to carotenoids, amounting to 2.65 and 2.74 in August, respectively, in comparison with the other studied varieties (3.15–3.46) indicate increased adaptability of their leaf tissues. In response to drought, Orphey and Margo varieties showed an increase in ascorbic acid content to a greater extent (2.02–2.58 times) compared to the other varieties studied (1.17–1.59 times). Orphey and Margo varieties have shown themselves to be more adaptable for cultivation in the conditions of the Krasnodar Territory. They can be used in breeding to develop the most heat- and drought-resistant varieties.

The issues of grape resistance to drought have acquired particular importance due to the decrease in precipitation during the phenophase of growth and ripening of berries, which reduces their quality and yield. The purpose of these studies was to evaluate grape varieties of various ecological and geographical origin to drought and elevated temperatures according to physiological and biochemical parameters, to identify varieties with high adaptive resistance for cultivation in the conditions of the Anapo-Taman zone of the Krasnodar Krai and use in breeding. The objects of research are grape varieties (interspecific hybrids): European-American origin – Dostoyny, Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg; Western European – Aligote; Eastern European – Zarif. The control was the Crystal variety of Euro-Amur-American origin. The article presents the results of studying the hydration of leaf tissues, the content of photosynthetic pigments and proline in leaves during the summer growing season 2020-2022. It was found that by the end of summer, the water content of the leaves decreased to the least degree in the varieties Kristall, Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg, Zarif, in comparison with the varieties Dostoyny and Aligote, in which a decrease was noted by 4.70-4.88 %. Due to the increase in the proportion of carotenoids that perform a photoprotective function in the varieties Crystal, Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg, Zarif, the lowest values of the chlorophylls/carotenoids ratio (2.8-3.4) were found, indicating their high adaptive ability to drought and elevated temperatures.In contrast to them, the ratio of chlorophylls/carotenoids in the varieties Dostoyny and Aligote was 4.1-4.2, indicating their low adaptive resistance. In all studied varieties, the maximum content of proline in the leaves – 43.27-59.57 μg/g wet weight was found in August in response to extremely high temperatures and lack of precipitation compared to June, when it was 17.83-30.55 μg/g fresh weight, depending on the variety. Grape varieties Crystal, Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg, Zarif proved to be more resistant to drought and elevated temperatures in comparison with the varieties Dostoyny, Aligote, and are recommended for cultivation in the conditions of the Anapo-Taman zone of the Krasnodar Territory and use in breeding. The indicators of leaf water content, the ratio of chlorophylls/carotenoids pigments, and the proline content can be considered as reliable criteria for the adaptive resistance of grape varieties to summer stress factors.

Despite the global trend of the increase in average annual air temperatures observed in recent years, the recurrence of stressful negative temperatures in winter has increased in the southern region of the Russian Federation, and, therefore, the problems of grape frost resistance remain relevant. Low-temperature stresses lead to serious damage and a decrease in vine yields. In order to distinguish the most resistant grape varieties, it is necessary to carry out plant research on the physiological and biochemical level. The paper presents the results of research related to the study of resistance to low negative temperatures of grape varieties of different ecological and geographical groups according to the activity of peroxidase enzyme and its isoforms. The research objects were grape varieties (interspecific hybrids) of European-American origin – Dostoyny, Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg; of Western European origin – Aligote; of Eastern European origin – Zarif; of Euro-Amur-American origin – Kristall. The study was aimed at exploring the activity of peroxidase and its isoforms and, based on the research results, identifying grape varieties most resistant to low temperatures under the conditions of the southern region of Russia. According to the obtained data on peroxidase activity and electrophoretic separation of peroxidases in polyacrylamide gel, most resistant and less resistant grape varieties to low negative temperatures were identified. The resistant varieties Kristall, Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg were characterized by a weak increase in peroxidase activity during autumn-winter period (1.1-1.4 times), higher number of isoforms, and their qualitative composition. The less resistant grape varieties Dostoyny, Aligote, and Zarif were characterized by a greater increase in peroxidase activity (1.7- 2.4 times), a small number of isoforms, and their disappearance under conditions of artificial stress. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the study of peroxidase activity and changes in isoperoxidase spectrum in grapevine shoots can be used as diagnostic criteria for assessment of grape varieties for their resistance to low negative temperatures in winter period.

In the unstable conditions of the Anapo-Taman zone of the Krasnodar Krai, the urgency of the problem of winter hardiness of grapes increases due to an increase in the average annual air temperature against the background of an increase in the frequency of low critical air temperatures in the winter. The adaptive rearrangements of grape metabolism associated with resistance to winter stresses have been studied. Objects of research: grape varieties of different ecological and geographical origin: Crystal, Dostoyny, Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg, Aligote, Zarif. The electrophoretic separation of peroxidases in polyacrylamide gel in the studied grape varieties revealed that the quantitative and qualitative composition of isoforms changed during the winter period and depended on the variety and the influence of the stress factor. During the autumn-winter period, the varieties Crystal, Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg revealed an increased total content of anthocyanins in (13.2-14.4 conventional units), ascorbic acid in shoots (13.7-18.4 µg/g of raw weight) in contrast to the varieties Aligote, Zarif. According to the research, it was found that the Crystal grape variety has increased frost resistance, followed in descending order by Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg, Dostoyny. These varieties have great adaptive capabilities in unstable conditions of a changing climate and are recommended for cultivation in the Anapo-Taman zone, as well as for use in breeding as sources of frost resistance. Varieties Aligote, Zarif are singled out as less frost-resistant.

In the unstable conditions of the Anapo-Taman zone of the Krasnodar Kray, the issues of grape resistance to low tempera-tures in the winter period are of particular relevance. The results of a physiological and biochemical assessment of the winter hardiness of grape varieties (interspecific hybrids) of various ecological and geo-graphical origin are presented: Kristall (control – Euro-Amur-American origin; Dostoyny, Krasnostop AZOS – Euro-American origin; Vostorg – Amur-American origin; Aligote – Western-European origin, Zarif – East European origin. The studies were carried out on the basis of the ampelographic collection of the "North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking" (NCFSCHVW), located in the city of Anapa. Differences in the water content of the buds, the content starch, soluble sugars, proline, associated with the formation of a protective response to the meteorological conditions of the autumn-winter period 2020–2022. According to the degree of decrease in water content of the buds, the degree of starch hydrolysis, the dynamics of the accumulation of water soluble sugars in response to low temperatures in the win-ter period varieties Kristall, Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg showed the greatest po-tential for resistance to low temperatures in the autumn-winter period of 2020–2022 compared to other varieties studied. Varie-ties Kristall, Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg are recommended for cultivation in the Anapo-Taman zone of the Krasnodar Kray and for breeding purposes as sources of winter hardiness.

Over past years, grapevine adaptability has become of primary concern due to sharp cold-stressing weather of the unstable climates of Southern Russia accompanied by increasing mean annual temperatures, including higher degrees during plant winter dormancy. This situation causes considerable injury to the generative and vegetative organs in bush vine. Physiological and biochemical studies of the vine plant are of great importance for breeding cold-hardy grape genotypes. The article presents research related to studying cold hardiness in different grape varieties by content dynamics of starch, soluble sugars, abscisic acid and potassium ions in plant bark and buds. We studied grape varieties (interspecies hybrids) of the European-American (Dostoinyi, Krasnostop, Vostorg), West-European (Aligote), East-European (Zarif) and European-Amur-American origins (Kristall). The work aimed to analyse the physiological and biochemical properties of various ecological and geographical-origin grapes in winter time in order to identify the cold-hardiest genotypes. The Krasnostop and Vostorg varieties were ascertained as cold-hardy. Physiological and biochemical assays revealed an important contribution of water-soluble sugar-producing starch hydrolysis to low-temperature adaptation in Krasnostop and Vostorg, with the sugar content increasing 2.7-2.9 times. Krasnostop and Zarif were found to elevate the sucrose osmoprotectant winter level 4.7 and 6.6 times, respectively. All grape varieties decreased the abscisic acid content due to protective functions. Aligote was identified susceptible basing on a 2.3-fold potassium ion increase in frozen bark cell extract. The research conducted establishes the diagnostic value of the abovementioned physiological and biochemical parameters for cold hardiness evaluation in grape varieties.

Scientific achievements of the third millennium -99холодные месяцы.Во второй раз -весной сажаются теплолюбивые весенние цветы привезённые в основном их Голландии.Из хвойных деревьев сосна, ель, кипарис, можжевельник и др.выпуская в окружающую среду значительное количество летучих веществ -фитонцидов уничтожают вредные для организма болезнетворные микробы и обогащают воздух смолистыми веществами [5; 3, 7, 10].. Для превращения Национального Приморского Парка в жемчужину городского архитектурного ансамбля должны быть созданы новые, различной формы композиции, использованы перспективные, декоративные деревья, кустарники и травянистые растения интродуцированные из местной и зарубежной флоры.Национальный Приморский Парк кроме красивого и удобного парканаша история, прошлое, настоящее и будущее.Каждый гражданин должен внести свой вклад для процветания родного края В результате проведения научно-исследовательской работы в Институте Дендрологии выявлено, что изученные в Национальном Приморском Парке местные и интродуцированные из местной и зарубежной флоры виды декоративных деревьев, кустарников и травянистых растений хорошо адаптируются в

The article presents the results of the study of drought resistance of various grape varieties in the parameters of water regime and content of pigments. The objects of research were the grape varieties (interspecific hybrids) of the following origin: European-American (Dostoynyi, Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg), Western European (Aligote), Eastern European (Zarif), Euro Amuro-American (Krystall). The aim of research was the comparative evaluation of resistance of grape varieties of different ecological-geographical origin to elevated temperatures and low water availability in the conditions of Anapa-Taman area, and selecting the most valuable genotypes. It was established that by the end of summer, the water content of leaf tissues decreased to varying degrees in all grape varieties, depending on their biological peculiarities. In the Kristall, Dostoyny, Krasnostop AZOS varieties, the water content of the tissues decreased to a lesser extent (by 4.0 - 4.1%) in comparison with Zarif and Aligote varieties (by 6.8 and 7.2 %, respectively). Kristall, Dostoyny, Krasnostop AZOS varieties showed the highest rates of the ratio of bound and free forms of water during the summer (2.01-2.50) due to the increased content of bound water. Same varieties are marked by a stable amount of chlorophyll content (a+b) during the summer, with some tendency to increase by 1,07- 1.18 times in August, and the increase in the proportion of carotenoids in the pigment complex, indicating an active adaptation of these varieties to drought and high temperatures. These parameters can be used as diagnostic characteristics to assess adaptive capacity of grapes.

The article presents the results of the study of drought resistance of various grape varieties in the parameters of water regime and content of pigments. The objects of research were the grape varieties (interspecific hybrids) of the following origin: European-American (Dostoynyi, Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg), Western European (Aligote), Eastern European (Zarif), Euro Amuro-American (Krystall). The aim of research was the comparative evaluation of resistance of grape varieties of different ecological-geographical origin to elevated temperatures and low water availability in the conditions of Anapa-Taman area, and selecting the most valuable genotypes. It was established that by the end of summer, the water content of leaf tissues decreased to varying degrees in all grape varieties, depending on their biological peculiarities. In the Kristall, Dostoyny, Krasnostop AZOS varieties, the water content of the tissues decreased to a lesser extent (by 4.0 - 4.1%) in comparison with Zarif and Aligote varieties (by 6.8 and 7.2 %, respectively). Kristall, Dostoyny, Krasnostop AZOS varieties showed the highest rates of the ratio of bound and free forms of water during the summer (2.01-2.50) due to the increased content of bound water. Same varieties are marked by a stable amount of chlorophyll content (a+b) during the summer, with some tendency to increase by 1,07- 1.18 times in August, and the increase in the proportion of carotenoids in the pigment complex, indicating an active adaptation of these varieties to drought and high temperatures. These parameters can be used as diagnostic characteristics to assess adaptive capacity of grapes.