The review article presents the results of numerous studies on the effectiveness and safety of the newly developed forms of the human recombinant interferon alpha- 2b drug, ointment and gel, intended for the treatment and prevention of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza in children. Еxternal forms of the drug retain immunomodulatory, antiviral and antiproliferative effects. The dosage form of the preparation of interferon alpha-2b VIFERON® in the form of a gel or ointment allows to achieve a prolonged action due to good absorption, especially the gel, which increases its effectiveness, and also has a moisturizing effect and rarely causes allergies. All of the above properties justify the inclusion of the drug interferon alpha-2b VIFERON® in the form of a gel or ointment in the complex treatment of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections in children.

On territory of many cities and towns in the Russian Federation, new stable biotopes of hard ticks have been formed up and being occurred constantly. these ticks eat animal and human blood and are agent transmitters of many transmissive tick-born infectious and invasion diseases. They are very stable towards adverse factors of nature environment. The article represents knowledge about risk-oriented monitoring and ixodid tick biotope formation on urban territories. Classification and characteristics of urban territories of contemporary city versus the conditions of ixodid ticks’ biotopes formation and, hence, of focuses of tick diseases are given. For ixodid biotopes eradication in the cities, tick-spread maps should be arranged on the base of geoinformational systems, GIS, and pursue, on their basis, target treatment of greenery with acaricides. GIS can be considered as a research method that might be applied for risk management in retrospective and prognosticating.

The target of the survey is to study the efficacy of Enrofloxacin 5% and its lower doses used for the therapy of bovine anaplasmosis and efficacy of Enrofloxacin 2, 5 and 5% used for treatment of canine babesiosis. Enrofloxacin 5% has a pronounced therapeutic effect in treatment of anaplasmosis in cattle used at a dose of 1cm3 per 20 and 30 kg of body weight while using the preparation at a dose of 1cm3 per 40 and 50 kg of body weight the therapeutic effect was practically not observed. At the same time Enrofloxacin has no therapeutic efficacy against canine babesiosis.

Streptococcal infection is characterized by a variety of manifestations from asymptomatic carriage of the pathogen to manifest forms. Recently, in addition to the bacteriological method for confirming streptococcal etiology, the rapid test for β-hemolytic streptococcus group A is increasingly being used. Isolation of streptococci does not always indicate their involvement in pathology, quite often a person is a healthy carrier of the pathogen. The share of carrier is 10—28% of cases. However, in the practical activities of a physician, positive tests for β -hemolytic streptococcus group A (rapid test or bacteriological culture) are often treated as acute streptococcal infection even in children without any clinical manifestations of acute tonsillopharyngitis and, as a result, antibiotic therapy is prescribed.For differential diagnosis, a correct evaluation of epidemiological and clinical data with a mandatory serological test — the determination of ASO in paired sera with an interval of 7—10 days is required. Absence of an increase in antibodies indicates carrier.b-hemolytic streptococcus group A carriers in most cases do not need antibiotic therapy. However, if there is a history or risk of developing rheumatic fever, acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, antibiotic therapy is necessary.The authors proposed an algorithm for managing patients with the release of b-hemolytic streptococcus group A from the oropharynx.

Streptococcal infection is characterized by a variety of manifestations from asymptomatic carriage of the pathogen to manifest forms. Recently, in addition to the bacteriological method for confirming streptococcal etiology, the rapid test for β-hemolytic streptococcus group A is increasingly being used. Isolation of streptococci does not always indicate their involvement in pathology, quite often a person is a healthy carrier of the pathogen. The share of carrier is 10—28% of cases. However, in the practical activities of a physician, positive tests for β -hemolytic streptococcus group A (rapid test or bacteriological culture) are often treated as acute streptococcal infection even in children without any clinical manifestations of acute tonsillopharyngitis and, as a result, antibiotic therapy is prescribed. For differential diagnosis, a correct evaluation of epidemiological and clinical data with a mandatory serological test — the determination of ASO in paired sera with an interval of 7—10 days is required. Absence of an increase in antibodies indicates carrier. b-hemolytic streptococcus group A carriers in most cases do not need antibiotic therapy. However, if there is a history or risk of developing rheumatic fever, acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, antibiotic therapy is necessary. The authors proposed an algorithm for managing patients with the release of b-hemolytic streptococcus group A from the oropharynx.

The аrticle describes a clinical example of a generalized form of chickenpox developed in a child with severe background pathology (Sjogren's disease with renal involvement, a secondary immunodeficiency condition), with a common lesion of internal organs, skin and mucous membranes, subsequent attachment of secondary microbial flora and fatal outcome.

As a result of many years of research, the role of Herpesviridae IV, V and VI types in the structure of various pathologies in children (with infectious mononucleosis (MI), CNS damage, long-term subfebrile syndrome, vasculitis syndrome, hepatitis, etc.) has been proven. MI is a polyethological disease associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV6), occurring in mono(58%) and mixed infections in various combinations of herpesviruses (42%). Clinical manifestations of MI are typical and do not depend on etiology. With CMV and HHV6 IM, the response to heterophilic antibodies is always negative. Markers of herpesvirus infections were detected in 87% of children observed with neurological pathology. Children with diagnoses such as convulsive syndrome, epilepsy, neuropathy need a comprehensive examination (ELISA, PCR, Indirect immunofluorescence reaction) to identify markers of active replication of herpes viruses, with an emphasis on the detection of HHV6. In 44% of cases, the role of active herpesvirus infection in the etiology of prolonged subfebrile fever in children was proven, with mixed forms (78%) prevailing over monoinfection (22%). To identify the active forms of herpesvirus infection, it is important to detect the markers of viral replication. For EBV, this is the DNA of the virus in the blood, a smear from the tonsils and saliva, antigens of the complete assembly of EBV in blood lymphocytes, antibodies to the capsid antigen (VCA) of IgM and IgG classes, and IgG to the early (EA) antigen. With CMV infection, complete virus assembly antigens (pp65 and pp72) in blood lymphocytes and/or DNA of the virus in the blood, virus DNA in saliva and urine, antibodies to the IgM class virus and high IgG class titer in the blood. With HHV6 infection, the DNA of the virus in the blood, a smear from tonsils and saliva, complete antigens of HHV6 in blood lymphocytes, specific IgM and/or IgG antibodies are 2—4 times higher than the diagnostic values.

Objective of research: The target of the paper is to develop a model of GIS-based risk monitoring of zoonotic cestodiasis in human. Materials and methods: The use of geographic information systems (GIS) as an epizootiological and epidemiological method for the risk-based monitoring of human cestodiasis enables the development of a multi-level platform for solution of a wide range of tasks related to the control of this disease. The modern GIS tools use the methods of geoinformatics applying powerful software and hardware: open access geographic web servers, tools for multidimensional complex analysis, creating most accurate electronic and paper maps. Full-featured GIS contain a full set for processing geospatial data including acquisition of data, its integration and storage, automatic data processing, editing, creation and maintenance of topology, spatial analysis, access to the database management system (DBMS), visualization and creation of hard copies of any cartographic data. Results and discussion: The use of GIS enables to study more closely the regularities of epizootic process, geography of human cestodiasis and to improve the methodology both for short-term and long-term retrospective epizootiological analyses.

Objective of research: The target of the paper is to develop a model of GIS-based risk monitoring of zoonotic cestodiasis in human.Materials and methods: The use of geographic information systems (GIS) as an epizootiological and epidemiological method for the risk-based monitoring of human cestodiasis enables the development of a multi-level platform for solution of a wide range of tasks related to the control of this disease. The modern GIS tools use the methods of geoinformatics applying powerful software and hardware: open access geographic web servers, tools for multidimensional complex analysis, creating most accurate electronic and paper maps. Full-featured GIS contain a full set for processing geospatial data including acquisition of data, its integration and storage, automatic data processing, editing, creation and maintenance of topology, spatial analysis, access to the database management system (DBMS), visualization and creation of hard copies of any cartographic data.Results and discussion: The use of GIS enables to study more closely the regularities of epizootic process, geography of human cestodiasis and to improve the methodology both for short-term and long-term retrospective epizootiological analyses.

Objective of research. Hard ticks as blood sucking ectoparasites and vectors of animal and human diseases are considered as one of the most important arthropods. Ticks can transmit a variety of diseases among livestock. They are distributed throughout Southern Ural, affecting cattle, horses, sheep, goats and dogs.Materials and methods. The aim of the survey is to estimate the recent distribution, host-parasite relationships, seasonal activities of the hard ticks in Southern Ural, based on original material collected within 2000-2013.Results and discussion. The fauna of ticks in Southern Ural is represented by following species: Dermacentor marginatus Sulzer, 1776 (70,2%), Dermacentor reticulatus Fabricius, 1794 (22,3%), Rhipicephalus rossicus Yakimov et Kohl-Yakimova, 1911 (3,2%), Hyalomma scupense Schulze, 1918 (1,8%), Hyalomma detritum Schulze, 1919 (1,6%), Ixodes ricinus Linnaeus, 1758 (0,9%). Genus Dermacentor is dominant in region (92,5% of total number). D. marginatus considerably prevails above D. reticulatus (70,2 and 22,3%). Other species meets in insignificant quantity.

Objective of research: analysis of epizootic situation on protozoan blood parasitic diseases in domestic and wild animals on the territory of Russian Federation Materials and methods: Veterinary reporting forms, sources of literature. Results and discussion: The data on epizootic situation related to protozoan blood parasitic diseases in animals on the territory of RF have been obtained and analyzed in this article. It was determined that for a proper evaluation of epizootic situation it is necessary to combine the activities of scientific-research institutes and veterinary services for the purpose of development of monitoring based on recommendations of the International Epizootic Bureau (IEB).

Anaferon — antiviral drug with immunomodulating activity. Longstanding experience proved its efficacy and safety in the treatment and prophylaxis of a wide spectrum of viral and bacterial infections in children. The key mechanisms of anaferon action are selective induction of interferons I and II types production and allosteric modulation of interferon-gamma receptor. Excellent safety profile, possibility of its combination with other medicines, absence of self-tapering have made it a drug of choice for the treatment and prophylaxis of various infections of different aetiology.